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11.
Both nitrate (NO3−) and soluble reactive phosphate (PO43−) concentration in the freshwater end-member at the mouth of the Changjiang River have increased dramatically since the 1960s.
Within the same period in the sea area, with surface salinity>30, NO3− concentration has shown an obvious increase, PO43− has not changed greatly and dissolved reactive silica (SiO32−) has deceased dramatically. An examination of the elemental ratio of NO3− to PO43− at the mouth of the Changjiang River did not show a systematic trend from the 1960s to 2000s largely because both nutrients
increased simultaneously. In comparison, the elemental ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to PO43− in surface seawater, with salinity>22, has shown a clearly increasing trend. Furthermore, an overall historical change of
the SiO32−:PO43− ratio has undergone a reverse trend in this area. Based on the changes of SiO32−:PO43− and DIN:PO43− ratios, we can conclude that an overall historical change of SiO32−:DIN ratio has decreased in this area from the 1950–1960s to 2000s. The argument that phytoplankton productivity in the Changjiang
estuary has been enhanced by increasing nutrient input from the riverine transport was supported by these results. A comparative
study analyzing the shift of phytoplankton composition from the mid-1980s to 2000s was also made. The results indicated that
the average yearly percentage of diatom species in the Changjiang estuary has decreased from 84.6% during 1985–1986 to 69.8%
during 2004–2005. Furthermore, the average yearly percentage of diatom abundance in the Changjiang estuary decreased from
99.5% during to 75.5% over the same time period, while the abundance of dinoflagellates has increased dramatically, from 0.7%
to 25.4%. 相似文献
12.
北部湾典型海域关键环境因子的时空分布与影响因素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究北部湾典型海域关键环境因子的时空分布及其影响因素, 2016年9月至2017年8月对该海域29个站位进行了多学科月度综合调查,分析了该海域主要理化因子的时空分布特征,探讨了水文及生物因素对关键环境因子分布的影响。结果表明:硝氮(NO_3~--N)、活性磷酸盐(SRP)的时空分布具有一致性,高值区主要出现在近岸钦州湾海域,海峡口临近海域及30m等深线以深海域,各月份总有机碳(TOC)、溶解有机碳(DOC)的表底浓度无明显差异(P0.05),高温季节溶解氧(DO)、pH的低值区主要位于30m等深线以深的底层海域。DO、pH、NO_3~--N、SRP、溶解硅酸盐(DSi)为影响该海域浮游植物生长的关键理化因子。近岸10m等深线以浅的区域I中, NO_3~--N浓度主要受地表径流带来的陆源污染影响,区域II中NO_3~--N、SRP在秋季受到南海水向北入侵影响,春、冬季受来自琼州海峡的混合水影响, 30m等深线以深的区域III中, NO_3~--N、SRP全年受到南海高盐水的影响。在球形棕囊藻囊体丰度较高的2017年2月至3月,有囊体站位表层的NO_3~--N/SRP显著低于底层(P0.01),无囊体站位表底层的NO_3~--N/SRP之间无显著性差异(P0.05),棕囊藻赤潮的生消可能是导致春季NO_3~--N、SRP表底分布出现差异的主要原因。 相似文献
13.
景观水体中经常存在水体变色、散发异味等环境恶化现象。本研究以青岛高新区人工水系的污染问题为例,通过卫星图片解析、现场调查、模拟计算等手段,探讨了此类湖库型景观水体的污染成因及其影响因素。结果表明,水体中N、P营养盐负荷超标,是该水系主要污染因子;由于营养盐比例失衡,耐受性强的浮游藻类大规模增殖,在人工水系中,主要优势种绿藻小球藻的优势度高达0.984,藻细胞密度最高达9.83×109cells/L,导致水体出现黑臭现象。通过模型估算人工水系主要污染因子的环境容量与陆源污染通量,结果表明来自陆源的TN载荷为环境容量的5.22倍,TP载荷为环境容量的2.55倍,陆源输入是此类景观水体污染形成的主要原因;对人工水系典型水体主要环境因子浓度梯度的垂直变化分析表明,此类水体存在可能的内源污染。 相似文献
14.
To solve nutrient flux and budget among waters with distinct salinity difference for water-saltnutrient budget,a traditional method is to build a stoichiometrically linked steady state model.However,the traditional way cannot cope appropriately with those without distinct salinity difference that parallel to coastline or in a complex current system,as the results would be highly affected by box division in time and space,such as the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary(CRE) and adjacent waters(30.75°-31.75°N,122°10′-123°20′E).Therefore,we developed a hydrodynamic box model based on the traditional way and the regional oceanic modeling system model(ROMS).Using data from four cruises in 2005,horizontal,vertical and boundary nutrient fluxes were calculated in the hydrodynamic box model,in which flux fields and the major controlling factors were studied.Results show that the nutrient flux varied greatly in season and space.Water flux outweighs the nutrient concentration in horizontal flux,and upwelling flux outweighs upward diffusion flux in vertical direction(upwelling flux and upward diffusion flux regions overlap largely all the year).Vertical flux in spring and summer are much greater than that in autumn and winter.The maximum vertical flux for DIP(dissolved inorganic phosphate) occurs in summer.Additional to the fluxes of the Changjiang River discharge,coastal currents,the Taiwan Warm Current,and the upwelling,nutrient flux inflow from the southern Yellow Sea and outflow southward are found crucial to nutrient budgets of the study area.Horizontal nutrient flux is controlled by physical dilution and confined to coastal waters with a little into the open seas.The study area acts as a conveyer transferring nutrients from the Yellow Sea to the East China Sea in the whole year.In addition,vertical nutrient flux in spring and summer is a main source of DIP.Therefore,the hydrodynamic ROMS-based box model is superior to the traditional one in estimating nutrient fluxes in a complicated hydrodynamic current system and provides a modified box model approach to material flux research. 相似文献
15.
The Changjiang River estuary and adjacent waters are one of the most notable regions for red tides/harmful algal blooms in China's coastal waters.In this study,phytoplankton samples were collected and analyzed during the outbreak stage of red tides in May 2009.It was found that dinoflagellates,Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karenia mikimotoi,and diatoms,Skeletonema spp.and Paralia sulcata,were the major taxa dominating the phytoplankton community.Cluster analysis,non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) and analysis of similarities(ANOSIM) was conducted on a data matrix including taxa composition and cell abundance of the phytoplankton samples.The analyses categorized the samples into three groups at a similarity level of 30%.Group Ⅰ was characterized by estuarine diatoms and distributed mainly in the highly turbid estuarine region.Group Ⅱ,which was dominated by the diatom Skeletonema spp.and represented the red tide of Skeletonema spp.,was situated around Group Ⅰ in the sea area west of 122°50'E.Group Ⅲ was characterized by a high proportion of dinoflagellates and was found further offshore compared with Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Group Ⅲ was further divided into two subgroups(Ⅲ-S1 and Ⅲ-S2) at a similarity level of 40%.Group Ⅲ-S1 was characterized by the presence of the benthic diatom P.sulcata,representing phytoplankton samples collected either from the bottom or from the sea area affected by upwelling.GroupⅢ-S2 was dominated by dinoflagellates and represented red tides formed by P.donghaiense and K.mikimotoi.A gradual change of red-tide causative species was observed from the estuary to the offshore sea area,from diatoms to armored dinoflagellates and then unarmored dinoflagellates.Environmental factors associated with each group,and thus affecting the distribution of phytoplankton and red tides,are discussed. 相似文献
16.
长江水体溶解态无机氮和磷现状及长期变化特点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于2006年2、5、8和11月对长江从攀枝花至河口和上游的两条支流雅砻江和嘉陵江的溶解态无机氮(NO-3-N、NO-2-N和NH+4-N)和磷酸盐(PO43--P)进行了取样调查,同时结合长江营养盐的历史数据,分析了长江水体中溶解态无机氮、磷的长期变化特点。结果表明,长江NO-3-N、NH+4-N、DIN(包括NO-3-N、NO-2-N和NH+4-N)和PO3-4-P浓度从上游到下游显示出增加趋势,但存在季节差异;NO2-N浓度总体较低,在长江中下游(武汉—南京)浓度较高。长江从上游到下游DIN通量的变化主要受径流量的影响,从上游到下游单位面积年产N量逐渐升高;PO3-4-P输送通量从上游往下游呈增加趋势,也主要受径流量控制,但从季节变化来讲,PO3-4-P的月输送通量受其浓度的控制更加明显。自20世纪60年代来,长江水体中NO3--N、NO2--N、DIN和PO3-4-P的浓度都处于缓慢上升趋势,但到80年代上升速度明显加快;不同阶段DIN和34PO-P的季节变化特点也不尽相同,反映了其来源的差异。目前,长江水体中溶解态无机氮、磷浓度与国内及国际河流相比处于中等水平。 相似文献
17.
Key nitrogen biogeochemical processes revealed by the nitrogen isotopic composition of dissolved nitrate in the Changjiang River estuary,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seasonal variations in the nitrogen isotopic composition of dissolved nitrate(δ 15 NO 3) were investigated in the surface waters of the Changjiang River estuary in 2009 and 2010. δ 15 NO 3 varied between-4.6‰ and 8.9‰ with changes in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and the composition of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen pool. In February, biological processes decreased because of low temperature, and the mean δ 15 NO 3 near the river mouth was 2.4‰. In May, δ 15 NO 3 was the highest in the surface waters among all seasons. Analysis on the conservative mixing revealed assimilation, and this fi nding is supported by positive relationship between Chl a and δ 15 NO 3. The fractionation factor of assimilation was estimated to be 2.0‰ by the Rayleigh equation. Nitrifi cation was supported based on the mixing behaviors in November 2010 and the low δ 15 NO 3 values in May and November 2009. The high ammonium concentrations in the adjacent marine area and positive relationships between total organic nitrogen and δ 15 NO 3 in November 2010 indicated that mineralization was taking place. 相似文献
18.
近年来,随着对抑藻微生物认识的深入,利用藻-菌相互作用控制有害藻华展现出极大的应用前景。在前期改性粘土治理有害藻华方法的基础上,首次将不同种类的微生物与传统的改性粘土复合,研究了不同的复合比例、制备方式等对典型有害藻华生物——东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)去除效率的影响,初步探讨了其作用机制。结果表明:菌密度1.5×1010 cells/L的EM菌(effectivemicroorganisms,有效性微生物)及其滤液可以有效去除东海原甲藻;利用EM菌对粘土进行复合改性处理可以进一步提高改性粘土的除藻能力,呈现出1+12的效果。在适宜范围内,增加熟化时间与温度有利于复合改性粘土除藻效率的提升。文章进一步分析探讨了EM菌复合改性粘土的除藻机制,认为改性粘土通过富集EM菌和分泌的抑藻物质,增加了其对微藻的直接和间接除藻作用;适宜的熟化温度和熟化时间可促进EM菌的繁殖及其在改性粘土上的吸附,有利于复合改性粘土去除效率的提升。上述研究结果为改性粘土治理有害藻华技术的进一步提升和完善提供了新的探索。 相似文献
19.
黑潮入侵东海陆架途径及其影响研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)"热带西太平洋海洋系统物质能量交换及其影响"的项目二"黑潮及其变异对中国近海生态系统的影响"的航次调查资料、历史资料和数值模拟结果,对黑潮入侵东海的途径、机理和影响研究取得了重要进展,主要认识和成果如下。在长江口邻近海域的赤潮高发区,多学科研究结果证实存在黑潮入侵东海陆架近岸的底部分支,该分支是黑潮影响近海生态过程的主要途径。进一步的研究发现该底部分支存在季节变化:通常情况下,在春季开始出现,在夏季7月份达到最强,可以入侵到近岸50m等深线位置,向北可到达30.5°N附近,然后在秋、冬季其入侵主轴位置逐渐远离岸线向外海偏移,不会入侵到50m等深线以西的近岸区域,该底部分支出现和赤潮发生具有一定的同步性。数值模拟和观测结果表明黑潮入侵底部分支还存在年际变化。基于地球动力学理论,提出了地形β-spiral理论,并为模拟结果和观测资料所验证,该理论可以很好的解释为什么黑潮入侵分支会存在,并且该理论预测出凡是黑潮路径与等深线不平行的地方都会发生入侵流的垂向偏转,底层流的方向和地形梯度的角度决定了入侵主要发生在底层还是表层,且该理论在世界大洋具有普适性。此外,研究还表明,黑潮入侵底部分支可以把具有高磷酸盐、高盐、溶解氧含量相对较低等特征的黑潮次表层水及热带藻种等物质输送到长江口邻近海域,从而对东海陆架生态系统产生重要影响。 相似文献
20.
基于水质状态和生态响应的综合富营养化评价模型——以山东半岛典型海域富营养化评价为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对前期构建的长江口及其邻近水域的富营养化评价模型作了进一步改进,并根据2006年至2007年春夏秋冬四个季节的山东半岛典型海域的调查资料,将该模型应用于山东半岛典型海域的富营养化评价。评价结果表明:在"优、良、中、差、劣"五个富营养化等级中,山东半岛大部分海湾和近岸海域出现"中"到"差"程度的富营养化状况,且海湾内富营养化程度明显高于近岸海域。较突出的富营养化症状主要是夏秋季节高浓度的叶绿素水平和周期性发生的有毒有害藻华。烟台四十里湾、丁字湾和青岛胶州湾是山东半岛富营养化状况较严重的三个海湾。仅少数海域,如日照北部近海和黄岛近海的富营养化程度处于"良"的等级。评价模型同时包含富营养化压力因素(水质状态)和效应因素(生态响应)两个方面,在指标评分上不仅考虑评价浓度,还考虑浓度出现的频率和空间覆盖度等方面,以及对各指标合理分配权重,使得评价模型更能准确、全面地反映海域富营养化状况。 相似文献