Decreasing Reference Evapotranspiration in a Warming Climate—A Case of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Catchment During 1970–2000   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许崇育  龚乐冰  姜彤  陈德亮 《大气科学进展》2006,23(4):513-520

This study deals with temporal trends in the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration estimated from standard meteorological observations, observed pan evaporation, and four related meteorological variables during 1970–2000 in the Yangtze River catchment. Relative contributions of the four meteorological variables to changes in the reference evapotranspiration are quantified. The results show that both the reference evapotranspiration and the pan evaporation have significant decreasing trends in the upper, the middle as well as in the whole Changjiang (Yangtze) River catchment at the 5% significance level, while the air temperature shows a significant increasing trend. The decreasing trend detected in the reference evapotranspiration can be attributed to the significant decreasing trends in the net radiation and the wind speed.  相似文献   

柠檬酸与二氧化碳联合洗井增水技术研究与应用     

金丽  刘建强  李元营 《地下水》2006,28(6):115-116,119

本文详细介绍了柠檬酸与二氧化碳联合洗井的基本原理以及工艺流程,经在第四系地层铁管护壁的机井进行洗井增水试验,取得了成功,且增水效果较好,对有特殊水质要求的机井实现科学洗井提供了一种有效的方法.  相似文献   

日本地源热泵利用的可行性研究     

Shinji  Takasugi  Tsukashi  Akazawa  Takashi  Okumura  Mineyuki  Hanano  赵玉军 《水文地质工程地质技术方法动态》2007,(2):28-33

在过去，低位地热资源的潜力并没有得到开发。然而，由于低位地热资源地域广阔（能量以不同温度形式存在），经评估，低位地热资源的储量是巨大的。因此，为了减少二氧化碳的释放量（引起全球变暖的主要原因，全球变暖是美国能源和环境保护局提出的人类面临的最严重问题之一），这种未被开发的能源的利用引起人们极大兴趣。本项可行性研究的目的是，对影响地源热泵系统推广和普遍应用的有关成本、技术和方法等不同方面的问题，进行了调查研究。该调查研究是通过搜集地源热泵相关文献、随机抽查结果、讨论会和专家组的相关信息而开展的。  相似文献   

Interactions between basalts and oil source rocks in rift basins： CO2 generation     

金强  许丽  万从礼  曾怡 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(1):58-65

Basalts interbedded with oil source rocks are discovered frequently in rift basins of eastern China, where CO2 is found in reservoirs around or within basalts, for example in the Binnan reservoir of the Dongying Depression. In the reservoirs, CO2 with heavy carbon isotopic composition (δ13C>-10‰ PDB) is in most cases accounts for 40% of the total gas reserve, and is believed to have resulted from degassing of basaltic magma from the mantle. In their investigations of the Binnan reservoir, the authors suggested that the CO2 would result from interactions between the source rocks and basalts. As the source rocks around basalts are rich in carbonate minerals, volcanic minerals, transition metals and organic matter, during their burial history some of the transition metals were catalyzed on the thermal degradation of organic matter into hydrocarbons and on the decomposition of carbonate minerals into CO2, which was reproduced in thermal simulations of the source rocks with the transition metals (Ni and Co). This kind of CO2 accounts for 55%-85% of the total gas reserve generated in the process of thermal simulation, and its δ13C values range from -11‰- -7.2‰ PDB, which are very similar to those of CO2 found in the Binnan reservoir. The co-generation of CO2 and hydrocarbon gases makes it possible their accumulation together in one trap. In other words, if the CO2 resulted directly from degassing of basaltic magma or was derived from the mantle, it could not be accumulated with hydrocarbon gases because it came into the basin much earlier than hydrocarbon generation and much earlier than trap formation. Therefore, the source rocks around basalts generated hydrocarbons and CO2 simultaneously through catalysis of Co and Ni transition metals, which is useful for the explanation of co-accumulation of hydrocarbon gases and CO2 in rift basins in eastern China.  相似文献   

爆裂法作为快速测定流体包裹体中二氧化碳（和其它气体）含量的手段及其在勘探中的使用：以中国山东和河北省金矿为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kingsley Burlinson 《岩石学报》2007,23(1):65-71

The acoustic decrepitation method heats a small monomineralic sample and counts pressure impulses as the inclusions burst when they develop high internal pressures.For aqueous fluids,the decrepitation temperature is correlated with the homogenisation temperature,but gas rich fluids give a distinct and characteristic low temperature decrepitation peak which can be used to recognize gas rich fluid inclusions.This information is useful in exploration for Au deposits,which are frequently associated with CO_2 rich and sometimes CH_4 rich fluids. This distinctive decrepitation occurs because the CO_2 rich inclusion fluids expand according to the gas law and develop internal pressures high enough to burst the host mineral grain at temperatures well below their homogenisation temperatures.In contrast,aqueous fluids condense to a liquid and vapour phase during post-entrapment cooling.Upon subsequent heating their internal pressures do not increase significantly until after homogenisation to a single phase occurs and hence they do not decrepitate"prematurely"as gas rich inclusions do. This behaviour is usually regarded as an annoyance in conventional microthermometric homogenisation studies,but can readily be used as an exploration aid to find mineralisation deposited from such gas rich fluids.Decrepitation results on samples from Cowra Ck, NSW,Australia,which have also been microthermometrically measured for CO_2 content,show that amounts of less than 5 mole % CO_2 are easily distinguished by decrepitation and amounts as low as 1 mole % CO_2 may be determinable. Examples of the use of acoustic decrepitation in the study of 6 gold mines in the Shandong and Hebei provinces of China are discussed.  相似文献   

气象科技动态     

《浙江气象》2007,28(4):47-47

人为臭氧的生成会使农业减产美国麻省理工大学一项新奇的研究表明,化石燃料的广泛使用会导致臭氧浓度的增加,从而给全球植被带来损害,并造成严重的经济损失。研究显示,温度和二氧化碳的增加可能有益于植被的生长,特别是在北半球温带地区。但是,这可能无法平衡臭氧增加带来的危害,对于农作物更是如此。研究结果表明,到2100年,臭氧浓度增加将使全球农作物的生产值减少10%~20%。而这种损失在北半球温带地区表现地更加明显。相比之下,臭氧对热带地区农业的危害则较小。科学家们估计,如果这项研究属实,未来美国和中国都需要进口粮食。(中国气象报…  相似文献   

二氧化碳捕集与地下埋存国际进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张丽君 《国土资源情报》2007,(11):16-21

本文论述了我国温室气体减排的严峻形势,说明了二氧化碳地下埋存是温室气体减排的重要手段,介绍了世界主要发达国家开展的二氧化碳地下埋存调查评价活动以及实施项目的进展情况和经验,这些对于我国今后开展二氧化碳地下埋存具有很好的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

全球变暖可能干扰GPS卫星系统     

《全球定位系统》2007,32(4):44-44

国际大气科学家小组提出，地球大气中二氧化碳含量的增加，可能要求改变卫星发射方式，并可能影响GPS系统的功能。  相似文献   

土壤中的CO2及其对岩溶作用的驱动   总被引：50，自引：1，他引：49  

刘再华  赵景波 《水文地质工程地质》1998,25(4):42-45

作者以桂林岩溶试验场和陕西鱼洞河两个观测站为例,分析了我国南、北方土壤ＣＯ２的动态、差异及其对岩溶作用的驱动规律,进一步结合气候条件（气温、降水）等的分析,揭示了南、北方岩溶发育差异的根源。  相似文献   

流动CO2—H2O系统中方解石溶解动力学机制：扩散边界层效应和CO2转？…     

刘再华 Dreyb.  W 《地质学报》1998,72(4):340-348

利用旋转盘实验装置和高分子生物催化剂技术,笔者研究了流动ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ系统中方解石溶解动力学及其控制机制。实验发现,方解石的溶解既受到固－液界面间扩散边界层（ＤＢＬ）的控制,还受到扩散边界层内ＣＯ２慢速转换反应（ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２Ｏ←→Ｈ＾＋＋ＨＣＯ＾）的控制。然而,高ＣＯ２分压（Ｐｃｏ２〉０．０１ａｔｍ）时,溶解主要为ＣＯ２慢速转换控制,而低ＣＯ２分压（Ｐｃｏ２〈０．０１ａｔｍ）时,溶解主要为扩散为边  相似文献