The Value of Practice-Based Knowledge     

Edward P. Weber  Jill M. Belsky  Denise Lach  Antony S. Cheng 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(10):1074-1088

Increasing recognition of the value of practice-based or experiential knowledge in natural resource management justifies the creation of a new category of articles in Society & Natural Resources that we are calling Practice-Based Knowledge (PBK). The rationale for focusing on PBK is due to its key role in the emergence of hybrid governance institutions across state, market, and civil society, understanding the complexity of dynamic socioecological systems, recognizing the challenges of multiple knowledge systems and context-specific practices, embracing the power of informal institutions and civic science, and engaging debates on the growing prevalence of market-oriented conservation. The goal is to provide a dedicated space within the published, peer-reviewed literature for scholars, government officials, nonprofit managers, and engaged citizens to share experiences informed by practical action. Relevant and timely practice-based insights may improve understanding and management of social and ecological processes and systems, while also offering the potential to contribute to theory.  相似文献   

In Situ Maintenance of Traditional Ecological Knowledge on Malekula Island,Vanuatu     

Joe McCarter  Michael C. Gavin 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(11):1115-1129

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) guides resource management across the globe, but is at risk amid social and ecological change. This has prompted numerous calls for TEK maintenance efforts, but these remain largely unexamined in the literature. Here, we discuss three examples of in situ TEK maintenance from Malekula Island in Vanuatu, locally known as kastom schools. Based on qualitative data, we find that the kastom schools may create several opportunities to maintain TEK (e.g., establishing local control over education), and argue that they represent the creative and adaptive management of tradition in dynamic social–ecological contexts. However, a number of challenges, both practical (e.g., lack of funding) and epistemological (e.g., changing modes of cultural transmission), threaten the efficacy of the kastom schools. We argue that in situ modes of TEK maintenance have promise, but that issues of power and heterogeneity require serious consideration if such measures are to succeed.  相似文献   

地方文化环境与大学教学科研融合发展的模式初探——基于英美若干研究型大学的经验研究     

孔翔  于良全 《世界地理研究》2014,(1):167-175

教学科研的深度融合是研究型大学的共同特点,但各个大学实现融合的模式仍存在差异。本文拟基于地方文化传统和周边产业发展需求,探索地方对大学主导功能的影响,并结合对英美典型研究性大学的案例剖析,研究不同大学教学科研融合发展的主要立足点不同的内在原因。研究显示,地方不仅为大学的发展提供资金和基础设施等方面的支持,也需要大学提供人力资本、知识创新等方面的服务,因此,大学的主导功能与地方文化经济环境密切相关,而教学科研的融合则往往立足于大学的主要功能。例如,牛津大学以人才培养为重点就深受英国传统文化的影响,哈佛在基础研究方面的卓越贡献也与其追求真理的文化传统有关,而斯坦福大学以服务产业发展促进人才培养与科研紧密融合的模式也受到实用教育理念的影响。总的看来,研究型大学都应该力促教学科研的深度融合,这是其承载文化传播和知识创造功能的基础,但就具体大学而言,很有必要适应特定地方的文化环境,探索适合的教学科研融合发展模式,而不要陷入盲目模仿的误区。  相似文献   

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR-SEA HEAT FLUX EXCHANGE DURING THE GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL TYPHOONS OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA     

蒋迪  黄菲  郝光华  黄健  吕卫华 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2014,20(2):93-102

A South China Sea （SCS） local TC （SLT） is defined as a tropical cyclone （TC） that forms within the SCS region and can reach the grade of tropical storm （TS） or above. The statistical features of the SLTs from 1985 to 2007 are analyzed first. It is found that over the SCS about 68% of the TCs can develop into TSs. The SLT intensity is relatively weak and associated with its genesis latitude as well as its track. The SLT monthly number presents a seasonal variation with two peaks in May and July to September. Based on the daily heat flux data from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution_Objectively Analyzed air-sea Fluxes （WHOI_OAFlux） in the same period, the air-sea exchange during the process of generation and development of the SLT is studied. Results show that the heat fluxes released to the atmosphere increase significantly day by day before cyclogenesis. The ocean to the south to the TC center provides the main energy. Along with the development of SLT, the regions with large heat fluxes spread clockwise to the north of TC, which reflects the energy dispersion property of vortex Rossby waves in the periphery of the TC. Once the SLT forms the heat fluxes are not intensified as much. During the whole process, the net heat, latent heat and sensible heat flux display a similar evolution, while the latent heat flux makes a main contribution to the net heat flux. The maximum air-sea heat exchange always occurs at the left side of the TC moving direction, which may reflect the influence of the SCS summer monsoon on TC structure.  相似文献   

Modeling of spatial distributions of farmland density and its temporal change using geographically weighted regression model   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Haitao Zhang  Long Guo  Jiaying Chen  Peihong Fu  Jianli Gu  Guangyu Liao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(2):191-204

This study used spatial autoregression（SAR） model and geographically weighted regression（GWR） model to model the spatial patterns of farmland density and its temporal change in Gucheng County,Hubei Province,China in 1999 and 2009,and discussed the difference between global and local spatial autocorrelations in terms of spatial heterogeneity and non-stationarity. Results showed that strong spatial positive correlations existed in the spatial distributions of farmland density,its temporal change and the driving factors,and the coefficients of spatial autocorrelations decreased as the spatial lag distance increased. SAR models revealed the global spatial relations between dependent and independent variables,while the GWR model showed the spatially varying fitting degree and local weighting coefficients of driving factors and farmland indices（i.e.,farmland density and temporal change）. The GWR model has smooth process when constructing the farmland spatial model. The coefficients of GWR model can show the accurate influence degrees of different driving factors on the farmland at different geographical locations. The performance indices of GWR model showed that GWR model produced more accurate simulation results than other models at different times,and the improvement precision of GWR model was obvious. The global and local farmland models used in this study showed different characteristics in the spatial distributions of farmland indices at different scales,which may provide the theoretical basis for farmland protection from the influence of different driving factors.  相似文献   

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������  ����־  ��˧  κ���� 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(6):60-65

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城市热岛和海风环流相互作用的数值模拟研究进展   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

苗峻峰 《南京气象学院学报》2014,(4):521-528

在沿海城市地区,城市热岛环流和海风环流往往同时存在;它们在空气污染物的传输和扩散中均起至关重要的作用,对强对流天气亦有重要的触发作用.随着城市化的发展,空气污染等环境问题变得越来越严峻,突然性强对流天气所造成的灾害也越来越严重.因此,沿海城市地区城市热岛和海风环流相互作用的研究受到日益广泛的关注.本文回顾了近30 a来国内外关于城市热岛和海风环流相互作用数值模拟的研究历史,分析了目前的研究现状及存在的一些问题,概述了城市化、城市热岛对海风环流的影响,海风对城市热岛、城市热岛环流的影响,以及城市热岛环流和海风环流的耦合效应.最后,本文提出了一些有待于研究或需深入研究的问题;这些问题的研究将有助于进一步揭示沿海城市地区空气污染动力学机制、强对流天气触发机制.  相似文献   

基于平面波解构滤波的速度无关动校正及速度分析方法     

陈鑫  王德利  孟阁阁  孙海龙  王通 《世界地质》2014,33(4):895-903

为了避免速度分析拾取速度参数引起的繁复费时、拾取参数不准确导致的校正效果不佳和传统动校正的拉伸畸变问题,利用速度无关动校正方法进行相关处理。通过数据解构获取局部同相轴斜率,解析斜率数据与速度的关系,由局部斜率可直接获得动校正所需时差参数,其信息足以进行动校正处理。通过模拟和实际数据进行的实验计算,证明此方法优于常规动校正处理效果。  相似文献   

储层分布特征的时频分析及其在吉林某油田中的应用     

丁玲  王典  鹿琪 《世界地质》2014,33(4):867-874

时频分析是地震数据处理与解释中的一种重要的技术手段。笔者把该技术应用于吉林某油田中,得知研究区内储层主要由两个朵叶构成,分别位于该油田的西北部和西南部。地震反射波的85%能量位置对应的频率、65%能量位置对应的的频率和45 Hz位置的能量百分比,三个时频属性可确定砂岩的分布范围,有利储层发育程度和分布范围,并给出了有力井位,和钻井情况一致。  相似文献   

Climate Change and Geochemistry May Explain the Finding of Marine Cyanobacteria in a Continental Saline Lake     

Zorigto NAMSARAEV  Vladimir GORLENKO  Boris KUZNETSOV  Bair NAMSARAEV 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):158-159

正1 Introduction Alkaline Lake Khilganta located in a steppe zone of South Siberia(N 50°42'535,E 115°06'086)is unique among adjacent lakes because of a development of a thick(up to 3 cm)cyanobacterial mat dominated by  相似文献