2D and 3D coexisting modes of thermal convection in fractured hydrothermal systems - Implications for transboundary flow in the Lower Yarmouk Gorge     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Numerical investigations of 2D and 3D modes of large-scale convection in faulted aquifers are presented with the aim to infer possible transport mechanisms supporting the formation of thermal springs through fractured aquicludes. The transient finite elements models are based on idealized structural features that can characterize many hydrothermal systems. The sensitivity analysis of the fault permeability showed that faults cross-cutting the main regional flow direction allow groundwater to be driven laterally by convective forces within the fault planes. Therein thermal waters can either discharge along the fault traces or exit the fault through adjacent permeable aquifers. In the latter case, the resulting flow is helicoidally and transient. The location and the spacing between discharge areas can migrate with time, is not strictly constrained to the damage zones and reflects the wavelength of the multicellular regime in the fault zone.An illustrative example based on simplified structural data of the Lower Yarmouk Gorge (LYG) is presented. The numerical calculations indicate that crossing flow paths result from the coexistence of fault convection, developing for example along NE-SW oriented faults within the Gorge, and additional flow fields. The latter are induced either by topography NS gradients, e.g. perpendicular to the major axe of the Gorge, or by local thermal convection in permeable aquifers below the Eocene aquiclude. Sensitivity analysis of fault hydraulic conductivity (K) and the analytical solutions based on viscous-dependent Rayleigh theory show that K values between 2.3e⁻⁷ m/s and 9.3e^{– 7} m/s (i.e. 7 m/yr and 30 m/yr, respectively) favor coexisting transport processes. The uprising thermal plumes spread over several hundred meters forming clusters of springs, in agreement with observation, and which temperature fall within the measured ranges, i.e. 20 °C−60 °C. To some extent the models also reproduced the transient behavior of the spring temperature. Owing to the idealized nature of the presented models, the numerical results and the associated analytical solution can be applied to study the onset of thermal convection and resulting flow patterns of any fractured hydrothermal basin.  相似文献   

One zone modeling of irregular variability of stellar convective envelope     

W. Unno  D. -R. Xiong 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1993,210(1-2):77-81

One zone modeling of the irregular variability of red super-giants is intended with regard to the nonlinear coupling of finite amplitude pulsation with convection. The nonlocal mixing length is employed for the evaluation of the convective flux, the turbulent pressure and the turbulent power of temperature fluctuations. The radial pulsation and the Boussinesq convection are assumed for simplicity. The one zone is defined as the layer having the entropy maximum and the minimum at the bottom and at the top, respectively. The quasi-adiabatic approximation is consistent with this definition in fixing the zone to the same mass range. The spatial derivatives are evaluated under the assumption of homologous changes with the equilibrium homologous parameters. Then, a set of 6 simultaneous first order nonlinear ordinary differential equations are obtained as the one zone representation of the irregular variability of the convective envelope.  相似文献   

华南后汛期降雨量的振动和分布   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

何有海  关翠华  林锡贵  金祖辉 《热带气象学报》1998,14(4):359-363

对１９５９至１９８８年华南后汛期（７－９月）降雨量距平百分率的大尺度变化特征进行了分析,并与前汛期（４－６月）降雨量的情况进行了比较,同时探讨了后汛期降雨量异常的成因。结果表明,华南后汛期雨量存在明显的年际变化,且地区差异显著;后汛期降雨量的异常与热带西太平洋的海水温度、南海地区大气的对流活动及登陆我国东南沿海地区的热带气旋的频数有关。  相似文献   

Are There Pulsationally Unstable Low-degree p1 Modes in the Sun?     

Xiong Da-run  Deng Li-cai 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2013

By using a non-local time-dependent theory of stellar convection, the solar non-adiabatic pulsations of the low- and intermediate-degree (l < 25) modes are calculated. The results show that the non-radial p1 modes of l = 1–5 are pulsationally unstable. However, the adjacent g, f, p2-p5 modes and the p1 modes of l > 5 are stable. From the analysis of the diagram of integrated work it is discovered that the excitation of oscillations comes from the radiation zone beneath the convective region. Whether the sun possesses unstable low-degree p1 modes is of signi?cant importance for clarifying the excitation mechanism of solar ?ve-minute oscillations.  相似文献   

太阳5分钟振荡的激发机制     

熊大闰  邓李才 《天文学报》2009,50(4)

1 引言 太阳5分钟振荡是上世纪1个重要的发现[1],它使得人们可以通过观测太阳表面的振动来探测其内部的结构,日震学已取得了巨大的进展,然而我们至今仍不了解其脉动的激发机制,它依然是1个存在争议的问题.太阳位于造父变星脉动不稳定区之外,所以大多数人都相信,由于对流的阻尼,太阳是脉动稳定的,太阳和太阳型恒星的振荡都是由所谓的湍流随机激发机制所激发[2-8].  相似文献   

高原涡诱生西南涡特大暴雨成因的个例研究   总被引：25，自引：6，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文

赵玉春  王叶红 《高原气象》2010,29(4):819-831

利用多途径探测与再分析资料,通过诊断分析、数值模拟和敏感性试验,对2008年7月20～21日一次高原涡东移诱生西南涡并引发川中特大暴雨的天气过程进行了初步分析,探讨了西南涡特大暴雨发生的中尺度环境场特征,特殊地形和非绝热物理过程在高原涡东移诱生西南涡特大暴雨中的作用。结果表明,高原涡形成后沿高原东北侧下滑,在四川盆地诱生出西南涡,川中特大暴雨在西南涡形成过程中由强中尺度对流系统(MCSs)的活动造成。高原涡东移诱生的低层偏东气流在川西高原东侧地形的动力强迫抬升作用下,释放对流有效位能激发出MCSs产生强降水,降水凝结潜热加热反馈驱动西南涡快速发展。地形的动力作用仅能形成浅薄的西南涡,降水凝结潜热的加入才能使西南涡充分发展。高原涡的发展主要受地面热通量影响,它的发展与否在很大程度上决定西南涡能否形成。盆地周边高大山脉对西南涡的位置分别有不同程度的影响,而盆地周边高大山脉上叠加的中小尺度地形对西南涡和暴雨带的整体位置影响不大,在一定程度上影响暴雨的落区。  相似文献   

Adaptation of Pressure Based CFD Solvers for Mesoscale Atmospheric Problems   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Gergely Kristóf  Norbert Rácz  Miklós Balogh 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(1):85-103

General purpose Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers are frequently used in small-scale urban pollution dispersion simulations without a large extent of ver- tical flow. Vertical flow, however, plays an important role in the formation of local breezes, such as urban heat island induced breezes that have great significance in the ventilation of large cities. The effects of atmospheric stratification, anelasticity and Coriolis force must be taken into account in such simulations. We introduce a general method for adapting pressure based CFD solvers to atmospheric flow simulations in order to take advantage of their high flexibility in geometrical modelling and meshing. Compressibility and thermal stratification effects are taken into account by utilizing a novel system of transformations of the field variables and by adding consequential source terms to the model equations of incompressible flow. Phenomena involving mesoscale to microscale coupled effects can be analyzed without model nesting, applying only local grid refinement of an arbitrary level. Elements of the method are validated against an analytical solution, results of a reference calculation, and a laboratory scale urban heat island circulation experiment. The new approach can be applied with benefits to several areas of application. Inclusion of the moisture transport phenomena and the surface energy balance are important further steps towards the practical application of the method.  相似文献   

The Effect of Stratification on the Aerodynamic Roughness Length and Displacement Height   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. S. Zilitinkevich  I. Mammarella  A. A. Baklanov  S. M. Joffre 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2008,129(2):179-190

The roughness length, z _0u , and displacement height, d _0u , characterise the resistance exerted by the roughness elements on turbulent flows and provide a conventional boundary condition for a wide range of turbulent-flow problems. Classical laboratory experiments and theories treat z _0u and d _0u as geometric parameters independent of the characteristics of the flow. In this paper, we demonstrate essential stability dependences—stronger for the roughness length (especially in stable stratification) and weaker but still pronounced for the displacement height. We develop a scaling-analysis model for these dependences and verify it against experimental data.  相似文献   

Evidence for deep groundwater flow and convective heat transport in mountainous terrain, Delta County, Colorado, USA     

Gregory D. Lazear 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(8):1582-1598

The Tongue Creek watershed lies on the south flank of Grand Mesa in western Colorado, USA and is a site with 1.5 km of topographic relief, heat flow of 100 mW/m², thermal conductivity of 3.3 W m^–1 °C^–1, hydraulic conductivity of 10^-8 m/s, a water table that closely follows surface topography, and groundwater temperatures 3–15°C above mean surface temperatures. These data suggest that convective heat transport by groundwater flow has modified the thermal regime of the site. Steady state three-dimensional numerical simulations of heat flow, groundwater flow, and convective transport were used to model these thermal and hydrological data. The simulations provided estimates for the scale of hydraulic conductivity and bedrock base flow discharge within the watershed. The numerical models show that (1) complex three-dimensional flow systems develop with a range of scales from tens of meters to tens of kilometers; (2) mapped springs are frequently found at locations where contours of hydraulic head indicate strong vertical flow at the water table, and; (3) the distribution of groundwater temperatures in water wells as a function of surface elevation is predicted by the model.  相似文献   

200hPa非地转风和非均匀层结与梅雨暴雨的关系     

丁治英  陈久康 《气象科学》1994,14(4):344-353

本文通过1991年梅雨后期，7月1—13日200hPa非地转场分析得出，梅雨期200hPa非地转风主要由积云对流动量转换形成。其次是风速平流，并通过数值试验得以证明。非地转风形成的高层辐散，可进一步使暴雨增强与维持。另外梅雨期非均匀层结对非地转风及暴雨也有较大的影响。  相似文献