The Effect of Stratification on the Aerodynamic Roughness Length and Displacement Height   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. S. Zilitinkevich  I. Mammarella  A. A. Baklanov  S. M. Joffre 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2008,129(2):179-190

The roughness length, z _0u , and displacement height, d _0u , characterise the resistance exerted by the roughness elements on turbulent flows and provide a conventional boundary condition for a wide range of turbulent-flow problems. Classical laboratory experiments and theories treat z _0u and d _0u as geometric parameters independent of the characteristics of the flow. In this paper, we demonstrate essential stability dependences—stronger for the roughness length (especially in stable stratification) and weaker but still pronounced for the displacement height. We develop a scaling-analysis model for these dependences and verify it against experimental data.  相似文献   

Tides and mixing in the northwestern East China Sea Part I: Rotating and reversing tidal flows     

Iossif Lozovatsky  Zhiyu Liu  Hao Wei  H.J.S. Fernando 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

Bottom-mounted ADV and ADCP instruments in combination with CTD profiling measurements taken along the Chinese coast of the East China Sea were used to study the vertical structure of temperature, salinity, and velocity in reversing tidal currents on a shallow inner shelf and in rotating tidal flows over a deeper sloping bottom of the outer shelf. These two regimes of barotropic tide affect small-scale dynamics in the lower part of the water column differently. The reversing flow was superimposed by seiches of ∼2.3 h period generated in semienclosed Jiaozhou Bay located nearby. As the tidal vector rotates over the sloping bottom, the height of the near-bottom logarithmic layer is subjected to tidal-induced variations. A maximum of horizontal velocity U_max appears at the upper boundary of the log layer during the first half of the current vector rotation from the minor to the major axis of tidal ellipse. In rotating tidal flow, vertical shear generated at the seafloor, propagated slowly to the water interior up to the height of U_max, with a phase speed of ∼5 m/h. The time-shifted shear inside the water column, relative to the shear at the bottom, was associated with periodically changing increases and decreases of the tidal velocity above the log layer toward the sea surface. In reversing flows, the shear generated near the bottom and the shear at the upper levels were almost in phase.  相似文献   

东北地区嵌入对流过程的数值模拟分析     

卫甜  丁亨  邱贵强  樊瑞瑞  姚佳林 《气象与环境学报》2022,38(3):29-36

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料以及中尺度WRF模式的数值模拟结果,对2010年7月1日发生在辽宁地区的一次嵌入对流云的形成、演变过程进行了分析,并对云中微物理特征进行了诊断。结果表明:WRF模式较理想地模拟出了此次对流过程。嵌入对流云是在大气上层分布有成片的层状云,低层有零星的对流泡生成的情况下,随着低层对流泡的不断发展壮大,当其伸展至层云的高度时镶嵌其中而成;嵌入的对流体在随层状云东移的过程中反复进行着并合、分裂过程,而且分裂过程中出现明显的右移性对流体的选择性加强;云系中不仅存在云水直接转化为雨水的暖云降水机制,也存在有播撒—供应的冷云降水机制,且成熟阶段冷、暖云降水机制均较为活跃;物理量场上,低层辐合高层辐散的强度在发展阶段最强,最有利云系的发展。  相似文献   

青藏高原隆升过程的三阶段模式   总被引：24，自引：8，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

傅容珊  李力刚  黄建华  徐耀民  常筱华 《地球物理学报》1999,42(5):609-617

综合分析了前人对青藏高原岩石层构造和动力学研究的成果,提出印度板块和欧亚板块会聚、大陆碰撞及大陆形变的基本特征为青藏高原地壳的加厚和地壳缩短,地壳物质的横向流动;青藏高原隆升过程呈现出阶段性、多样性和复杂性;组成青藏高原的各块体可能有不同的主导隆升机制．认识到在板块构造理论所揭示的全球构造格局中,青藏高原不仅仅是印度板块和欧亚板块会聚、碰撞以及大陆形变的结果,它也是青藏高原大陆岩石层和下伏地幔物质运动的相互耦合、相互作用的结果．从地幔动力学的角度出发讨论了青藏高原隆升的断离险升－挤压隆升－对流隆升三阶段模式（ＢＣＣＭ）,结合数值模拟的结果分析了与此模式相对应的该区域岩石层构造、运动的地幔深部物质运移和动力学背景．  相似文献   

太阳P模振动理论的研究     

毕少兰 《天文研究与技术》1999,(1):6

日震学是太阳物理的一个前沿分支学科,是根据太阳振动的观测来研究太阳的内部结构与运动的一种方法学。太阳５ｍｉｎ振动频率的理论计算和实测之间存在的显著偏差和振动模的激发问题一直是困扰日震学的两大难题,经过多年的研究仍然没有解决。然而太阳的表面层内绝热假设条件与真实情况有很大的偏差,我们认为绝大多数标准太阳模型的Ｐ模频率计算忽略了非绝热效应对频率的影响,忽略了振动的激发和衰减机制以及缺乏振动与对流湍流相互作用的知识。因此,我们必须发展非绝热理论来处理太阳５ｍｉｎ的振动问题  相似文献   

夏季东亚高空急流与太平洋-日本遥相关型的关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

钟中  唐筱之  卢伟  陈中一 《气象科学》2015,35(6):672-683

利用NCEP/NCAR和NOAA月平均资料,采用奇异值分解方法分析了夏季东亚高空纬向风场和西北太平洋海表温度(SST)的耦合关系,并据此研究了东亚副热带高空急流和太平洋-日本(Pacific-Japan,PJ)遥相关型的可能联系。合成分析结果表明,东亚副热带高空急流正模态年,急流偏南偏强,对流层上层南亚高压增强东进,中层西太平洋副热带高压加强西伸,菲律宾周边海域SST升高,中纬度黑潮延伸体区SST降低,菲律宾海和热带西太平洋地区对流活动偏弱,日本海和黑潮延伸体海区对流活动增强,对应PJ遥相关型的负位相;而东亚副热带高空急流负模态年,急流偏北偏弱,对流层上层南亚高压减弱西退,中层西太平洋副热带高压减弱东撤,菲律宾周边SST降低,中纬度黑潮延伸体区SST升高,菲律宾海和热带西太平洋地区对流活动强盛,日本海和黑潮延伸体海区对流活动减弱,对应PJ遥相关型的正位相。由于夏季东亚副热带高空急流活动与PJ遥相关型存在关联,PJ遥相关型可能是东亚副热带高空急流响应太平洋海温异常的纽带。  相似文献   

Low latitude dynamical response to vortex split sudden stratospheric warming: An Eliassen Palm Flux perspective     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2020

The present work extensively describes the tropical dynamical changes during the Vortex split Major Stratospheric Warming (V-MSW) event occurred in recent decades. For better visualization of high latitude influence of tropical atmosphere, in this study, we have utilized three successive major vortex split warming events occurred in winters 1984/85, 1988/89 and 2008/09. The realistic visualization of planetary wave activity and its tropical response can be achieved by using Eliassen –Palm flux as a diagnostic tool. The investigation reveals that the tropical weather shows significant changes in temperature, convection and wind circulation during the course of vortex split major stratospheric warming.  相似文献   

Convection in a rotating magnetic system and taylor's constraint part II,numerical results     

P. H. Skinner  A. M. Soward 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):335-356

Abstract

Results are presented of a numerical study of marginal convection of electrically conducting fluid, permeated by a strong azimuthal magnetic field, contained in a circular cylinder rotating rapidly about its vertical axis of symmetry. To this basic state is added a geostrophic flow U_G (s), constant on geostrophic cylinders radius s. Its magnitude is fixed by requiring that the Lorentz forces induced by the convecting mode satisfy Taylor's condition. The nonlinear mathematical problem describing the system was developed in an earlier paper (Skinner and Soward, 1988) and the predictions made there are confirmed here. In particular, for small values of the Roberts number q which measures the ratio of the thermal to magnetic diffusivities, two distinct regions can be recognised within the fluid with the outer region moving rapidly compared to the inner. Otherwise, conditions for the onset of instability via the Taylor state (U_G 0) do not differ significantly from those appropriate to the static (U_G = 0) basic state. The possible disruption of the Taylor states by shear flow instabilities is discussed briefly.  相似文献   

Buoyancy-driven perturbations in a rapidly rotating,electrically conducting fluid: part II – dynamo action     

Arnaud Chulliat  Hisayoshi Shimizu  David E. Loper 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(6):471-487

The helicity, electromotive force and α-effect produced in a homogeneous, rapidly rotating, electrically conducting fluid by an isolated source of buoyancy at small Elsasser number are calculated, visualized and analyzed. Due to physical symmetries of the system, the integrals of helicity and electromotive force over all space are zero. However, each has a significant non-zero value when integrated over the cross section of the Taylor column. The local α-effect is found to be significantly anisotropic; it is strongest when the applied magnetic field is toroidal and the resulting EMF is parallel to the applied field.  相似文献   

An experimental investigation of convection in a rotating sphere subject to time varying thermal boundary conditions     

J. A. Chamberlain  C. R. Carrigan 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):303-327

Abstract

A series of experiments has been undertaken to investigate the onset of convection in a rapidly rotating fluid filled sphere. The boundary is subjected to a time varying temperature allowing the simulation of radial temperature profiles associated with internal heating. The system is similar to that treated theoretically by Roberts (1968), Busse (1970) and Soward (1977). It is found that Busse's modification of Roberts' linear analysis, taking into account velocity perturbations which are antisymmetric about the equatorial plane, provides a good estimate of the temperature gradient required to initiate convection. As observed in the experiments of Carrigan and Busse (1983) and predicted by linear theory, convection appears in the form of rolls or columns, aligned parallel to the rotation axis. As in earlier experiments, observed azimuthal wavenumbers are consistently smaller than predicted which we postulate to be a consequence of nonlinear effects. Owing to the presence of a centrifugally driven thermal wind, the predicted azimuthal drift of the rolls has not been observed.  相似文献