AN EVALUATION OF SEVERAL TURBULENCE SCHEMES FOR THE PREDICTION OF MEAN AND TURBULENT FIELDS IN COMPLEX TERRAIN   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PETER J. HURLEY 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,83(1):43-73

A prognostic three-dimensional mesoscale model has been developed andused in one- and two-dimensional modes to evaluate ten local turbulenceclosure schemes. The schemes ranged from first-order to the two-equationprognostic schemes. Predictions by the models were compared for aone-dimensional convective boundary layer using mixed layer scaling andmeasurements to interpret the results. Two-dimensional simulations were alsoperformed for a sea-breeze flow and for flow over a hill. The results showedthat for all of the models considered, minor differences were produced in themean meteorological fields and in the vertical scalar fluxes, but majordifferences were apparent in the velocity variances and dissipation rate.Predicted tracer concentrations were very sensitive to the turbulence modelformulation for dispersion from a point source in the convective boundarylayer, particularly for the prediction of maximum concentrations. Predictedtracer concentrations from a surface volume source for the two-dimensionalsimulations were similar for all models, although the degree of mixing in themorning growth period produced some differences. Generally, good results forthe mean meteorological fields can be obtained with first-order schemes, evenif they underpredict the magnitude of turbulence in the convective boundarylayer, and reasonable tracer concentrations can also be obtained with thesemodels provided near-source effects are not important. The two-equationprognostic models performed best for the prediction of turbulence in theconvective boundary layer.  相似文献   

非单一电离层扰动场的台阵探测分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

万卫星  袁洪 《地球物理学报》1996,39(1):17-25

真实的ＴＩＤ一类大尺度电离层扰动是非平稳和色散的，而且是统计非单一的．本文首先给出了描述这种真实扰动场的数学模型，进而导出了联系台阵探测可测量与扰动场传播参量的观测方程，在此基础上提出了求解观测方程的时频分析方法．这一台阵探测数据分析的新方法，既能分离出非单一电离层扰动场中各种准单一扰动成分，又能获得准单一扰动成分传播参量随时间的演变和随频率的色散．分析实例表明，本文方法分辨率好，精度高，结果可靠，是适用于ＴＩＤ一类大尺度电离层扰动台阵探测数据分析的有效方法．  相似文献   

A spectrum of the acoustic-gravity waves associated with Auroral electro-jet     

E. O. Okeke 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(3):593-606

This model concerns the analysis of Aurora initiated travelling pressure waves in an isothermal atmosphere. Electro-dynamic Lorentz Force associated with auroral electric current density during the periods of geomagnetic activity is invoked as a possible exciting source.The dispersion phenomena in auroral induced acoustic gravity modes in the earth's atmosphere are examined and various cut-off frequencies analysed.Finally, an attempt is made to obtain a far field representation of the forced oscillations by means of Green's Function technique. Therefrom, the spectral amplitudes of the ground-level oscillations are computed. Incorporating various scaling factors, it is deduced that these amplitude components are in reasonable agreement with the results of recent measurements.  相似文献   

青藏高原及邻近区域的S波三维速度结构   总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20  

周兵  秦建业 《地球物理学报》1991,34(4):426-441,T001

本文收集了WWSSN台网和我国台网中13个地震台站的长周期地震记录,用140条10-90s瑞利波频散曲线和作者提出的Tarantola-Backus面波频散层析成象方法,作了青藏高原及邻区的速度反演,得出该地区岩石层速度结构的三维图象.结果表明,1.在10-110km深度范围内,速度结构出现与大地构造特征相关的分区性,显示出四个构造单元:青藏块体、柴达木-巴颜喀拉-三江块体、塔里木块体和印度块体.2.高原内部,深度为10-70km内速度较低,莫霍界面呈不对称盆形分布,藏北那曲附近地壳厚度超过70km,高原边缘壳厚为45-50km,90-110km为高速异常,表明高原内部存在上地幔盖层.3.高原北部的班公湖断裂和东部的三江断裂系是该区重要的分界线,是岩石层结构存在明显差异的重要接触部位,可能是冈瓦纳古陆与欧亚古陆的缝合带.4.柴达木-巴颜喀拉-三江块体内部速度分布不均匀,地壳厚度由北向南从45km加深到60km;在深度90-110km存在一低速层.5.塔里木地块内速度随深度均匀增加,从地壳到上地幔110km内没有发现低速层.地壳厚度约50km.  相似文献   

Screening model for volatile pollutants in dual porosity soils     

Mohamed M. Hantush  Rao. S. Govindaraju  Miguel A. Marioand Zhonglong Zhang 《Journal of Hydrology》2002,260(1-4):58-74

This paper develops mass fraction models for transport and fate of agricultural pollutants in structured two-region soils. Mass fraction index models, based on a semi-infinite domain solution, are derived that describe leaching at depth, vapor losses through soil surface, absorption, and degradation in the dynamic- and stagnant-water soil regions. The models predict that leaching is the result of the combined effect of the upward vapor-phase transport relative to downward advection, residence time relative to half-life, dispersion, and lateral diffusive mass transfer. Simulations show that leached fraction of volatile compounds does not always decrease monotonically with increased residence time relative to the pollutant half-life, as a result of complex interactions among the different physical and biochemical processes. The results show that leaching, volatilization, and degradation losses can be affected significantly by lateral diffusive mass transfer into immobile-water regions and advection relative to dispersion (i.e. Peclet number) in the mobile-water regions. It is shown that solute diffusion into the immobile phase and subsequent biochemical decay reduces leaching and vapor losses through soil surface. Potential use of the modified leaching index for the screening of selected pesticides is illustrated for different soil textures and infiltration rates. The analysis may be useful to the management of pesticides and the design of landfills.  相似文献   

克孜尔水库大坝的面波检测     

赵纯青  尹力峰  唐丽华  刘景元  马新龙 《内陆地震》2002,16(1):53-57

1999年 3月 15日克孜尔地震之后对克孜尔水库坝体出现的裂缝进行了面波勘探。首先介绍了面波勘探法的基本原理 ,然后通过典型剖面检测与资料处理找出异常区、带并进行解释。试验表明面波勘探法适用于克孜尔水库大坝监测  相似文献   

工程勘察中稳态瑞利面波法解释理论的探讨   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

关小平  黄嘉正 《地球物理学报》1993,36(1):96-105

工程勘探中稳态瑞利波法的实测曲线与介质性质有着密切的对应关系.传统的解释理论以自由表面瑞利面波的传播为基础.然而源检距很小时,漏能型面波（或多次复合反射波）的形成能更合理地解释记录曲线上的特征点.解释理论的正确性将有利于扩展该方法的实际应用.  相似文献   

中国西北地区剪切波三维速度结构   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

安昌强  宋仲和  陈国英  陈立华  庄真  傅竹武  吕梓龄  胡家富 《地球物理学报》1993,(3)

本文研究区包括中国西北地区几个不同的构造单元,即准噶尔、阿尔泰、天山、内蒙古褶皱、塔里木盆地、柴达木和祁连山地区.从群速度和剪切波速度模型上可以看出,除塔里木具有十分明显的稳定构造体特征外,其它地区均具构造活动地区的特征,但其速度表现各具特点,并与它们的构造演化史有关.莫霍界面的起伏基本上控制了布格重力异常的分布;另外,天山地区与北山的速度结构在土地幔盖层中差别很大,天山的上地幔高速盖层可能与应力场有关.  相似文献   

TRANSPORT OF THE SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY     

SHEN Huanting Institute of Esturaine  Coastal Research  East China Normal University  Shanghai  China LI Jiufa Institute of Esturaine  Coastal Research  East China Normal University  Shanghai  China ZHU Huifang Institute of Esturaine  Coastal Research  East China Normal University  Shanghai  China HAN Mingbao Institute of Esturaine  Coastal Research  East China Normal University  Shanghai  China ZHOU Fugen 《国际泥沙研究》1992,(3)

The Changjiang River is characterized by the enormous volume of runoff and the great amount of sediment load with remarkable seasonal variation. The annual runoff sometimes is respondent to the amount of sediment load, and sometimes not. The amount of monthly sediment load after the month of the maximum runoff is larger than those before the month. The sediment concentration and net quantity of sediment transport in the vicinity of the river mouth varies greatly in time between the ebb and flood, spring and neap, and dry seasons and flood seasons. The three bifurcations also have differences in concentration and net quantity in space. Even in the same bifurcation they have differences in and out of the sand bar. At present, the North Channel is the main passage for water and sediment load emptying into the sea from the Changjiang River. More than 50 percent of the sediments from the river basin are deposited nearby the South Branch entrance and the main depositional area is situated in subaqueous delta off the South Channel. Between 122°30'E and 123°E is an important boundary for eastward sediment dispersion from which the suspended sediment are dispersed towards the east by south.  相似文献   

On love wave dispersion in a homogeneous layer lying over a laterally heterogeneous half-space     

T. K. De 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1985,123(1):43-58

A method is proposed for the determination of the dispersion equation of Love waves propagating in a homogeneous layer lying over a laterally inhomogeneous half-space. The proposed method can be made to work only when the lateral inhomogeneities in the lower half-space are finite in nature so that their Fourier transforms are available. As an illustration the dispersion equation of Love waves is obtained for one of such media in which the shear-wave velocity and the rigidity in the lower half-space either increases or decreases along the direction of propagation of waves according as the parameter of heterogeneity is positive or negative.  相似文献