槽波层析成像方法在煤田勘探中的应用——以河南义马矿区为例   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

王伟  高星  李松营  乐勇  胡国泽  历玉英 《地球物理学报》2012,55(3):1054-1062

在地下煤田的开发中,工作面内的小构造、异常体、煤层厚度变化等是需要解决的关键问题,而槽波探测则为这些问题的解决提供了重要的物探方法.本文对河南义马矿区11061工作面进行槽波透射法测量,在巷道显示的煤层厚度变化为1.5~8 m,从理论频散曲线分析速度与厚度关系,确定125 Hz频率槽波主要用于观测厚度约为2~5 m的煤层厚度变化;有效提取了684个频散曲线,并分别拾取了125 Hz时槽波群速度与走时,采用走时层析成像方法获得工作面内煤层速度、厚度以及高应力区分布特征,回采验证了结果的正确性.  相似文献   

The dynamics of waves interacting with the Equatorial Undercurrent     

A Constantin  R.S. Johnson 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2015,109(4):311-358

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西方国家办公空间研究综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

温锋华  XU Xue-qiang  李立勋 《世界地理研究》2008,17(2):85-94

文章分别从区位论、城市空间结构理论等角度入手,总结了西方早期上述理论体系中办公空间研究的相关内容,并从办公空间的区位特征、集聚与扩散及其空间结构形成机制等方面对西方战后在办公空间方面的研究进展进行了综述,还对西方办公空间的研究方法进行了总结,最后结合我国的实际情况对西方的研究进行了述评,以期为我国相同领域研究的开展提供一点启示。  相似文献   

Application of passive source surface-wave method in site engineering seismic survey          下载免费PDF全文

Chaofan Wang  Jian Zhang  Lihui Yan  Hui Liu  Dong Zhao 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(1):101-106

Site engineering seismic survey provides basic data for seismic effect analysis. As an important parameter of soil, shear-wave velocity is usually obtained through wave velocity testing in borehole. In this paper, the passive source surface-wave method is introduced into the site engineering seismic survey and practically applied in an engineering site of Shijingshan District. By recording the ubiquitous weak vibration on the earth surface, extract the dispersion curve from the surface-wave components using the SPAC method and obtain the shear-wave velocity structure from inversion. Over the depth of 42 m underground, it totally consists of five layers with interface depth of 3.31, 4.50, 7.23, 17.41, and 42.00 m; and shear-wave velocity of 144.0, 198.3, 339.4, 744.2, and 903.7 m/s, respectively. The inversion result is used to evaluate site classification, determine the maximum shear modulus of soil, provide basis for further seismic hazard analysis and site assessment or site zoning, etc. The result shows that the passive source surface-wave method is feasible in the site engineering seismic survey and can replace boreholes, shorten survey period, and reduce engineering cost to some extent.  相似文献   

黏弹性与弹性介质中Rayleigh面波特性对比研究   总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

高静怀  何洋洋  马逸尘 《地球物理学报》2012,55(1):207-218

Rayleigh面波的频散特性可以用来研究地表浅层结构. 本文使用时域有限差分法来模拟复杂黏弹性介质中的Rayleigh面波,研究了Q值对面波频散特性的影响.文中采用旋转交错网格有限差分,以非分裂卷积形式的完全匹配层为吸收边界,推出了求解二阶位移-应力各向同性黏弹性波动方程的数值方法.为了检验数值解的精度,首先将简单模型的正演结果与解析解对比,验证了方法的正确性;然后模拟了横向缓变层状介质和含有洞穴的介质中的面波,对弹性和黏弹性介质中的面波的频散特性进行对比分析.模拟结果表明浅层Q值对面波的频散特性有显著的影响;强吸收情况下,高阶面波的能量相对低阶面波能量显著增强.  相似文献   

利用噪声记录估计福建地区中上地壳体波速度结构     

李军  金星  鲍挺  林树  韦永祥  张红才 《中国地震研究》2012,26(3):310-320

In this paper,the dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave and Love wave were extracted from the seismic noise records of 25 broadband stations of the Fujian Seismic Network, and inverted for the lithosphere velocity structure. Furthermore,the velocity model was verified by the seismic explosion observations. Our results indicate that the resolution of the lithosphere velocity structure obtained by this method is good in the shallow part,but in the deep part,inversion accuracy for the wave velocity structure is low,which is caused mainly by the small inter-station distance chosen in the paper. Thus the wave dispersion curves have high accuracy in the short-period part,but the warp of the wave dispersion curve in long-period part is large. Considering the results from both the noise inversion and the traditional inversion,we finally present a new velocity model,and the theoretical travel time calculated with the new model matches the explosion travel time very well.  相似文献   

Uncertainty propagation of hydrodispersive transfer in an aquifer: an illustration of one-dimensional contaminant transport with slug injection     

David Ching-Fang Shih  Yue-Gau Chen  Gwo-Fong Lin  Yih-Min Wu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(5):613-620

It is evident that the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient and linear flow velocity dominate solute transport in aquifers. Both of them play important roles characterizing contaminant transport. However, by definition, the parameter of contaminant transport cannot be measured directly. For most problems of contaminant transport, a conceptual model for solute transport generally is established to fit the breakthrough curve obtained from field testing, and then suitable curve matching or the inverse solution of a theoretical model is used to determine the parameter. This study presents a one-dimensional solute transport problem for slug injection. Differential analysis is used to analyze uncertainty propagation, which is described by the variance and mean. The uncertainties of linear velocity and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient are, respectively, characterized by the second-power and fourth-power of the length scale multiplied by a lumped relationship of variance and covariance of system parameters, i.e. the Peclet number and arrival time of maximum concentration. To validate the applicability for evaluating variance propagation in one-dimensional solute transport, two cases using field data are presented to demonstrate how parametric uncertainty can be caught depending on the manner of sampling.  相似文献   

Estimating longitudinal dispersion in rivers using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers     

Chaopeng Shen  Jie Niu  Eric J. Anderson  Mantha S. Phanikumar 《Advances in water resources》2010

The longitudinal dispersion coefficient (D) is an important parameter needed to describe the transport of solutes in rivers and streams. The dispersion coefficient is generally estimated from tracer studies but the method can be expensive and time consuming, especially for large rivers. A number of empirical relations are available to estimate the dispersion coefficient; however, these relations are known to produce estimates within an order of magnitude of the tracer value. The focus of this paper is on using the shear-flow dispersion theory to directly estimate the dispersion coefficient from velocity measurements obtained using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). Using tracer and hydrodynamic data collected within the same river reaches, we examined conditions under which the ADCP and tracer methods produced similar results. Since dead zones / transient storage (TS) are known to influence the dispersion coefficient, we assessed the relative importance of dead zones in different stream reaches using two tracer-based approaches: (1) TS modeling which explicitly accounts for dead zones and (2) the advection–dispersion equation (ADE) which does not have separate terms for dead zones. Dispersion coefficients based on the ADE tend to be relatively high as they describe some of the effects of dead zones as well. Results based on the ADCP method were found to be in good agreement with the ADE estimates indicating that storage zones play an important role in the estimated dispersion coefficients, especially at high flows. For the river sites examined in this paper, the tracer estimates of dispersion were close to the median values of the ADCP estimates obtained from multiple datasets within a reach. The ADCP method appears to be an excellent alternative to the traditional tracer-based method if care is taken to avoid spurious data and multiple datasets are used to compute a distance-weighted average or other appropriate measure that represents reach-averaged conditions.  相似文献   

交叉偶极子声测井多频率反演地层三阶弹性常数和地应力研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈浩  王秀明  赵立新 《地球物理学报》2009,52(6):1663-1674

基于声弹性理论,本文详细论述了利用交叉偶极子多频率相速度反演地层三阶弹性常数和地应力的理论及信噪比对反演结果的影响.定性和定量分析表明在速度应力方程中,不含三阶弹性常数项与含三阶弹性常数项相比对速度的影响可以忽略,由此只利用一次测井资料同时反演地应力和三阶弹性常数是一个严重病态的问题或一个不确定性问题.针对不同的反演模型,详细考察了信噪比对各自简化模型和精确模型反演结果的影响.数值模拟结果表明,利用一次测井采用精确模型反演全部四个参数方法受信噪比影响严重.而利用不同流体压力下的测井资料进行反演时可以采用简化模型取代精确模型以便简化计算和提高反演速度,因为简化模型和精确模型有着几乎相同的精度;同时,分步反演的方法可以较好地反演出原位地应力及三阶弹性常数.  相似文献   

多极子随钻声波测井波场模拟与采集模式分析   总被引：16，自引：9，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

王华  陶果  王兵  李卫  张绪健 《地球物理学报》2009,52(9):2402-2409

应用三维非均匀交错网格有限差分程序模拟了多极子随钻声波测井的波场,考察了硬地层中单极子随钻声波测井响应及软地层中声源频率对多极子随钻声波测井的影响;计算了接收阵列波形的时域相干谱及频散特征,结果表明随钻测井仪器居中时,在硬地层中可以直接利用单极子声系得到地层横波速度,但地层纵波受到钻铤波的极大干扰.而在软地层中可以利用单极子声系直接测得地层纵波速度,但地层横波速度则需要使用工作在较低频率下的四极子随钻声波仪来测得,此时测井频段又会落入钻井噪声频带而受到影响.为此本文提出数值模拟手段结合物理实验的方法得到钻铤波的影响,在实际测井中通过信号处理方法而不是用在仪器本体上刻槽的方式来更完全地消除钻铤的影响.为了避免钻井噪声的影响,本文提出六极子随钻声波仪更适合软地层的横波测量.本文用数值实验结果来说明这些方法的可行性.  相似文献