南极长城站夏季哨声的观测与分析          下载免费PDF全文

贺长明  董爱英  朱岗崑 《地球物理学报》1987,30(2):109-118

在中国首次南极考察期间,我们对哨声和VLF发射进行了37天的连续观测。本文首先对观测设备作了介绍,在对观测资料进行统计分析的基础上就哨声类型、发生率、色散特征等作了描述,然后重点对磁暴期间两天的哨声活动作了较细致的分析,并由此推求出其传播途径上的电子浓度变化。观测到了磁暴期间等离子体层的倒空现象和其后的回填过程。计算表明,倒空的速率为10⁹el/cm²·s,向上的回填通量为5x10⁸ el/cm²·s。  相似文献   

频散效应对近地面层风速廓线的影响     

彭卫红  刘式适 《热带气象学报》1997,13(1):57-67

应用含湍流频散效应的近地面层的运动方程求解了不同层结下的风速廓线，着重分析了湍流频散效应对近地面层平稳运动的影响。分析指出：湍流的频散效应对经典的幂律廓线一对数修正，该修正在不稳定层结时比稳定层时明显；利用相似理论也得到了该常数。  相似文献   

面波频散谱多模式高分辨率成像的多道信号比较法     

易佳  刘伊克  胡昊  张郁山  杨宗奇 《地球物理学报》2021,64(5):1710-1720

高分辨率的面波频散谱成像是浅层地震勘探领域基于频散性质反演横波速度结构中的一个关键步骤.在天然地震探测领域,仅利用两个台站记录的线性信号比较法(LSC),被广泛用来计算面波的频散谱,并用于大尺度的面波层析成像.然而互相关的成像方式会造成频散谱在低频端较低的分辨率.非线性信号比较法(NLSC)利用指数函数克服了这个问题,同时极大地提高了频散谱的成像分辨率.然而,在研究中我们发现,仅利用两个台站的地震记录,并不能将面波的频散特性完整地考虑在内,导致LSC和NLSC方法对高阶模式的成像存在较大的误差.由于主动源面波勘探多道采集的方式,基于信号比较理论的多道信号比较法(MSC)充分利用多道地震信号,可以获得准确的多模式成像,然而该方法需要计算任意两道的频散谱并叠加,存在冗余的计算,导致计算效率较低.因此,本研究对MSC方法进行了相应的改进,通过追踪炮集记录上的面波波组提高了原方法的计算效率,同时,利用理论频散曲线进行叠加分析,验证了改进的MSC方法的正确性和有效性.通过与相移法、LSC和NLSC方法的对比分析,展示了MSC方法是一种准确的、高分辨率的面波多模式频散谱成像方法.实际地震资料的应用,揭示了MSC方法在浅层地震勘探中用于提取面波多模式频散信息的巨大潜力.  相似文献   

Effects of petrophysical parameters on attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves in the simplified poroelastic theory: Comparison between the Biot's theory and viscosity‐extended theory     

Haixia Zhao  Bangyu Wu  Jinghuai Gao 《Geophysical Prospecting》2021,69(1):204-219

The simplified macro‐equations of porous elastic media are presented based on Hickey's theory upon ignoring effects of thermomechanical coupling and fluctuations of porosity and density induced by passing waves. The macro‐equations with definite physical parameters predict two types of compressional waves (P wave) and two types of shear waves (S wave). The first types of P and S waves, similar to the fast P wave and S wave in Biot's theory, propagate with fast velocity and have relatively weak dispersion and attenuation, while the second types of waves behave as diffusive modes due to their distinct dispersion and strong attenuation. The second S wave resulting from the bulk and shear viscous loss within pore fluid is slower than the second P wave but with strong attenuation at lower frequencies. Based on the simplified porous elastic equations, the effects of petrophysical parameters (permeability, porosity, coupling density and fluid viscosity) on the velocity dispersion and attenuation of P and S waves are studied in brine‐saturated sandstone compared with the results of Biot's theory. The results show that the dispersion and attenuation of P waves in simplified theory are stronger than those of Biot's theory and appear at slightly lower frequencies because of the existence of bulk and shear viscous loss within pore fluid. The properties of the first S wave are almost consistent with the S wave in Biot's theory, while the second S wave not included in Biot's theory even dies off around its source due to its extremely strong attenuation. The permeability and porosity have an obvious impact on the velocity dispersion and attenuation of both P and S waves. Higher permeabilities make the peaks of attenuation shift towards lower frequencies. Higher porosities correspond to higher dispersion and attenuation. Moreover, the inertial coupling between fluid and solid induces weak velocity dispersion and attenuation of both P and S waves at higher frequencies, whereas the fluid viscosity dominates the dispersion and attenuation in a macroscopic porous medium. Besides, the heavy oil sand is used to investigate the influence of high viscous fluid on the dispersion and attenuation of both P and S waves. The dispersion and attenuation in heavy oil sand are stronger than those in brine‐saturated sandstone due to the considerable shear viscosity of heavy oil. Seismic properties are strongly influenced by the fluid viscosity; thus, viscosity should be included in fluid properties to explain solid–fluid combination behaviour properly.  相似文献   

Rotation Of Trajectories In Lagrangian Stochastic Models Of Turbulent Dispersion     

B.L. Sawford 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,93(3):411-424

We present a new measure for the rotation of Lagrangian trajectories in turbulence that simplifies and generalises that suggested by Wilson and Flesch ( Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 84, 411–426). The new measure is the cross product of the velocity and acceleration and is directly related to the area, rather than the angle, swept out by the velocity vector. It makes it possible to derive a simple but exact kinematic expression for the mean rotation of the velocity vector and to partition this expression into terms that are closed in terms of Eulerian velocity moments up to second order and unclosed terms. The unclosed terms arise from the interaction of the fluctuating part of the velocity and the rate of change of the fluctuating velocity.We examine the mean rotation of a class of Lagrangian stochastic models that are quadratic in velocity for Gaussian inhomogeneous turbulence. For some of these models, including that of Thomson ( J. Fluid Mech. 180, 113–153), the unclosed part of the mean rotation vanishes identically, while for other models it is non-zero. Thus the mean rotation criterion clearly separates the class of models into two sets, but still does not provide a criterion for choosing a single model.We also show that models for which = 0 are independent of whether the model is derived on the assumption that total Lagrangian velocity is Markovian or whether the fluctuating part is Markovian.  相似文献   

X射线荧光光谱法测定重晶石中的硫酸钡方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈景伟  宋江涛  陈朝阳 《岩矿测试》2017,36(4):382-387

应用XRF可快速测定重晶石中钡元素的总量,但当测定硫酸钡含量时,由于样品中的碳酸钡计入钡量造成硫酸钡的测定结果不准确,铜、铅、锌等有色金属元素对熔样坩埚会造成损害,需要进行酸处理除去碳酸钡、铅等干扰。而样品经酸处理后不同样品的剩余量不同,造成熔剂与样品的比例不确定,也不能准确测定硫酸钡的含量,因此保证熔剂与样品比例一致是解决该问题的关键。本文优化了样品前处理、熔片制样和仪器工作条件,将一定量样品以10%盐酸和10%硝酸溶解,过滤除去碳酸钡、硫酸钙及铜、铅、锌等有色金属元素,未溶解样品在700℃下灼烧后以氧化铝补充到原取样量,实现了熔剂与样品比例一致,再以硝酸铵作氧化剂,溴化锂和碘化铵作脱模剂,1075℃熔融制片,即可用XRF准确测定硫酸钡的含量。本方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.4%,检出限为72μg/g,较ICP-OES等方法的检测周期短、干扰元素少,提高了测试效率和分析质量。  相似文献   

The asymmetric elastic wavefields in a model comprising a liquid layer overlying an anisotropic solid seabed due to an arbitrary source within the solid     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The asymmetric three-dimensional radiation pattern and resultant elastodynamic response of stress waves in a model comprising a compressible water column overlying a transversely isotropic seabed in which a time-harmonic source acts is theoretically investigated. The use of potential functions, the Hankel transform, and a Fourier series expansion are adopted to deal with the equations of motion for both media. Closed-form integral expressions are developed for the potentials and the stress/displacement components. The expressions and introduced procedure are sufficiently flexible to incorporate various types of source loads. To evaluate the field quantities, the residue method and a robust integration scheme are utilized to handle the poles and branch points within the integrand. Any possible number of dispersive propagation modes are taken into account in the integral evaluation. The deduced velocity dispersion curves depict the characteristics of the various modes. They also indicate the existing singular points (poles) for a specific dimensionless frequency and the surface wave type associated with each pole. Numerical results are presented for the hydrodynamic pressure and displacement in the liquid layer and stress and displacement components in the solid seabed due to distributed and concentrated source excitations. The formulation and the numerical scheme are valid for calculating the wavefield anywhere within the model including both far- and near-field effects. The sensitivity of the results to different parameters is also analyzed. Both analytical and numerical comparisons with existing solutions for simpler cases are made to confirm the validity of the results. The results are especially useful in seismic hazard assessment of submarine earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis. They can also be extended to deal with the fluid-solid-structure interaction problems.  相似文献   

S-wave velocity images of the Dead Sea Basin provided by ambient seismic noise     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

Based on passive seismic interferometry applied to ambient seismic noise recordings between station pairs belonging to a small-scale array, we have obtained shear wave velocity images of the uppermost materials that make up the Dead Sea Basin. We extracted empirical Green’s functions from cross-correlations of long-term recordings of continuous data, and measured inter-station Rayleigh wave group velocities from the daily correlation functions for positive and negative correlation time lags in the 0.1–0.5 Hz bandwidth. A tomographic inversion of the travel times estimated for each frequency is performed, allowing the laterally varying 3-D surface wave velocity structure below the array to be retrieved. Subsequently, the velocity-frequency curves are inverted to obtain S-wave velocity images of the study area as horizontal depth sections and longitude- and latitude-depth sections. The results, which are consistent with other previous ones, provide clear images of the local seismic velocity structure of the basin. Low shear velocities are dominant at shallow depths above 3.5 km, but even so a spit of land with a depth that does not exceed 4 km is identified as a salt diapir separating the low velocities associated with sedimentary infill on both sides of the Lisan Peninsula. The lack of low speeds at the sampling depth of 11.5 km implies that there are no sediments and therefore that the basement is near 10–11 km depth, but gradually decreasing from south to north. The results also highlight the bowl-shaped basin with poorly consolidated sedimentary materials accumulated in the central part of the basin. The structure of the western margin of the basin evidences a certain asymmetry both whether it is compared to the eastern margin and it is observed in north–south direction. Infill materials down to ∼8 km depth are observed in the hollow of the basin, unlike what happens in the north and south where they are spread beyond the western Dead Sea shore.  相似文献   

利用SPAC法估算地壳S波速度结构   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

徐佩芬  李世豪  凌甦群  郭慧丽  田宝卿 《地球物理学报》2013,56(11):3846-3854

S波速度结构能够反映地球介质的物性差异,是地壳内低速区结构特征判别的重要依据.本文尝试利用空间自相关法(SPAC法)从地震台站微动信号的垂直分量中提取瑞利波相速度频散曲线,通过对频散曲线的反演获得地下介质的S波速度结构.以国家数字测震台网8个宽频带地震台站的实测微动数据为例,采用SPAC方法获得了首都圈地区北京附近约30 km 深度范围内的一维S波速度结构.结果表明,该区结晶基底埋深较浅约2 km;分别在5~8 km 和12~16 km 深处发育S波低速层;8 km 和 20 km 处是S波速度差异较大的速度分界面.这一结果与以往地震学及人工地震探测结果较为吻合,表明SPAC法估算地壳S波速度结构是可行、有效的.  相似文献   

求解半无限长多孔介质柱体水动力弥散系数的一种最小二乘法     

王永峰 《地下水》2010,32(3):6-8

针对半无限长多孔介质柱体,一端为定浓度边界的水动力弥散反求参数问题,先用数值方法求解补余误差函数erfc（x）的反函数,再根据该问题的解析解,通过变量代换,构造一个基于解析解的最小二乘模型来反求水动力弥散系数。最后将该方法应用于一个实例,计算结果表明该方法比erfc（x）近似公式法、配线法、正态分布函数法等传统方法要好。  相似文献