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21.
COMPARISON OF THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPED VERSUS UNDEVELOPED MID-LEVEL VORTEXES 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Using the NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data,several obvious differences of the structural characteristics of developed versus undeveloped mid-level vortexes are studied.First,the central vorticity of the developed mid-level vortex increases towards higher levels while the undeveloped one decreases.The low-level convergence structure maintains well in the developed mid-level vortex whereas the undeveloped one does badly.Second,on the one hand,according to the symmetric analysis,the horizontal wind field and wind vertical section of the developed mid-level vortex are well symmetric while those of the undeveloped one are less symmetric.Meanwhile,weak wind vertical shear help the developed mid-level vortex to establish a warm core in upper-and mid-levels of the troposphere.On the other hand,according to the balance analysis,better balance between wind and pressure is shown in the mid-and lower-levels of the troposphere of the developed mid-level vortex than in those of the undeveloped vortex.Third,positive anomaly of potential vorticity is enhanced and developed in the vertical direction of the developed vortex.However,the undeveloped vortex weakens with a weak positive anomaly. 相似文献
22.
利用多种观测资料、再分析资料和WRF模式,对2008年4月29-30日和5月2-3日两次黄海春季海雾进行对比分析,研究黄海海雾影响沿海地区的因素。分析表明：（1）两次海雾过程均属于平流冷却雾过程。在低层水平方向上,合理的高、低压配置,使气流持续地从暖湿海面输送到冷海面上,有利于形成深厚的海雾,进而在海风的作用下影响沿海地区。在垂直方向上,边界层内上干下湿的结构有利于海雾的发展与维持。（2）边界层内稳定持续的逆温层结构,使水汽在逆温层内累积,有利于海雾的发展与维持。雾顶的长波辐射冷却作用以及雾层内适度的湍流有利于海雾的发展与维持;而低层风速增大会引起机械湍流的迅速增长,进而导致海雾消散。（3）海雾影响明显时,对应黄海海域上空的暖平流较强,水汽通量较大,暖湿平流来源于较暖的海面。反之,对应黄海海域上空的暖平流较弱,水汽通量较小,暖湿平流来源于较冷的海面。 相似文献
23.
Observational data of mesoscale surface weather stations and weather radars of Guangdong
province are employed to analyze the asymmetric distribution of convection prior to, during and after
landfall for tropical cyclones of Chanchu and Prapiroon making landfall on the south China coast in 2006.
The results showed that strong convection is located in the eastern and northern sectors of the landfalling
Chanchu and Prapiroon, namely in the front and right portions of the TC tracks, for a period of time
starting from 12 h prior to landfall to 6 h after it. Their convection also had distinct differences in the
vertical direction. The analysis indicated that although the landfall of Chanchu and Prapiroon has the same
asymmetric distribution of convection, the causes are not exactly the same. The asymmetric distribution of
convection in the case of Chanchu is mainly correlated with the impacts of a strong environmental vertical
wind shear, low-level horizontal wind shear, and low-level convergence and divergence. In the case of
Prapiroon, however, the asymmetric distribution of convection is mainly associated with the impacts of
low-level convergence and divergence. 相似文献
24.
The relationship between the factor of temperature difference of the near-surface layer(T_(1000 hPa)-T_(2m))and sea fog is analyzed using the NCEP reanalysis with a horizontal resolution of l°xl°(2000 to 2011) and the station observations(2010 to 2011).The element is treated as the prediction variable factor in the GRAPES model and used to improve the regional prediction of sea fog on Guangdong coastland.(1) The relationship between this factor and the occurrence of sea fog is explicit:When the sea fog happens,the value of this factor is always large in some specific periods,and the negative value of this factor decreases significantly or turns positive,suggesting the enhancement of warm and moist advection of air flow near the surface,which favors the development of sea fog.(2) The transportation of warm and moist advection over Guangdong coastland is featured by some stages and the jumping among these states.It also gets stronger over time.Meanwhile,the northward propagation of warm and moist advection is quite consistent with the northward advancing of sea fog from south to north along the coastland of China.(3) The GRAPES model can well simulate and realize the factor of near-surface temperature difference.Besides,the accuracy of regional prediction of marine fog,the relevant threat score and Heidke skill score are all improved when the factor is involved. 相似文献
25.
This study uses numerical simulations to examine a case of sea fog that was observed from 20 to 22 March2011 on the southern China coast. The observation dataset includes observatory data, cloud-top temperature from MODIS, GPS sonde, and data from the Integrated Observation Platform for Marine Meteorology(IOPMM). The simulations are based on the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model with four distinct parameter settings.Both the observations and simulations focus on the characteristics of the fog extent, boundary layer structure, and meteorological elements near the air-sea interface. Our main results are as follows:(1) The extent of mesoscale sea fog can be well simulated when the sea surface temperature has at least 0.5 ×0.5 horizontal resolution.(2) To accurately model the vertical structure of the sea fog, particularly the surface-based inversion, vertical levels must be added in the boundary layer.(3) When these model conditions are met, the simulations faithfully reproduce the measured downward shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation, and surface sensible heat flux during the sea fog period. 相似文献
26.
南海地区发展型和不发展型中层涡旋的结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对NCEP 1 °×1 °再分析资料进行分析表明,南海地区发展型和不发展型中层涡旋的结构特征有着明显的区别:发展型中层涡旋的中心涡度逐渐增大,并同时向高层和低层发展,其中低层辐合维持得较好;而不发展中层涡旋的中心涡度则逐渐减小,不再向高层发展,其中低层辐合维持得较差。对称性分析表明,发展型中层涡旋的水平风场和风速垂直剖面都具有良好的对称性,而不发展型的较差;发展型中层涡旋中心的风速垂直切变小,有利于对流层中上层暖心的建立与加强,而不发展型则相反。平衡性分析表明,发展型涡旋在对流层中低层的平衡性较好,涡旋维持着较好的风压平衡关系,有利于涡旋的发展;不发展型涡旋则较差。纬向剖面位涡异常分析表明,发展型中层涡旋的正位涡异常在增强的同时向上发展,涡旋处于持续发展的阶段;而不发展型位涡则相反,一方面强度在减小,另一方面没有向上发展,涡旋逐渐减弱。 相似文献
27.
28.
2012年南海夏季风活跃期与非活跃期广东电白地区海陆大气边界层特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2012年6—9月南海夏季风期间的近海海洋气象观测平台 (海上平台站) 和电白国家气候观象台 (电白站) 的地面气象站资料,气象塔资料以及GPS探空资料对海上平台站和电白站两站在季风活跃期和非活跃期的大气边界层结构特征进行研究分析。结果表明,活跃期与非活跃期两地的大气边界层结构特征有明显差异。(1) 在活跃期两站近地层风向全天由东南风主导,风速较大,且两站均出现连续降水,受云系和降水的影响,与非活跃期相比,电白站近地层日平均气温降低约为2 ℃;非活跃期两站风向全天无规则变化,且风速值小。(2) 在活跃期大气边界层内风向均为一致的东南风,风速较大,200 m以上的风速均大于8 m/s,而在非活跃期大气边界层内风速较小,风向变化较大,同一时刻不同高度的风向差可达180 °。(3) 在季风非活跃期混合层高度最高可达937 m,而在活跃期,受降水和云系的影响混合层高度明显降低,最大高度仅为700 m左右。(4) 活跃期受连续降水影响,大部分时刻的大气边界层内相对湿度大于80%。由此可见在季风活跃期与非活跃期不仅海陆气能量交换发生变化,大气边界层结构特征也有显著变化。 相似文献
29.
强风天气条件下海气动量交换参数的观测分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
利用近岸海上气象平台对登陆台风“黑格比”近海层风廓线观测资料,计算分析了近海层大气的湍流动量通量交换参数,以期认识高风速情况下的海气动量交换特征.数据分析结果显示,当海面上方 10 m处风速U10≤24 m/s时,摩擦速度(U*)随风速的增大而增大,当U10＞24 m/s时,U*呈饱和趋势.海面粗糙度长度(Z0)、拖曳系数(Cd)在低风速( U10≤6 m/s)随风速的增大而减小,在U10处于6～24 m/s之间时,Z0、Cd随风速的增大而增大,当U10＞24 m/s时,Z0、Cd达到极值后开始减弱.Z0、Cd极值出现在U10为24～28 m/s之间.并对高风速时拖曳系数衰减现象的对应机制进行了讨论.另外,还探讨了台风期间的阵风因子(G(t,T))等参数的演变特征. 相似文献
30.
The linear regression and horizontally stepwise correction are conducted on the observational data from AMSU-A L1 B of NOAA polar orbit satellite to invert a 40-layers(from 1,000 h Pa to 0.1 h Pa) dataset of atmospheric temperature with a horizontal resolution of 0.5°×0.5° after the correction of satellite antenna pattern and limb adjustment. Case study shows that the inversion data of temperature can reveal the detail structure of warm core in tropical cyclone. We choose two categories of tropical depressions(TDs) over the South China Sea, including the non-developing TDs and developing TDs. Both of them are developed downward from the middle and upper level to the lower level. Comparison between the evolutions of warm core in the two categories of TDs indicates that the warm core is developed downward from the middle and upper troposphere to the sea surface in all the downward-developing TDs. The difference is that in the group of further developing TDs, the warm core in the upper troposphere is intensified suddenly when it is extending to the sea surface. The warm core in the upper and lower troposphere is strengthened in a meantime. But the similar feature is not observed in the non-developing TDs. Then it may be helpful to judge the TD development by monitoring the change in its warm-core structure. 相似文献