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用近地层温差因子改进广东沿海海雾区域预报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2000—2011年的NCEP 1 °×1 °的再分析资料和2010—2011年的台站海雾观测资料,分析了近地层温差因子(T1 000 hPa-T2 m)与海雾发生的关系;尝试将近地层温差因子作为GRAPES模式的预报变量因子,改进广东沿海海雾区域预报。(1) 近地层温差因子与海雾发生有着比较明确的对应关系:当台站出现海雾时,近地层温差一般处于某一时间段的高值区,近地层温差负值明显减小或转为正值。这是近地层暖湿空气平流逐渐加强的结果,存在海雾发生发展的可能。(2) 广东沿海地区暖湿平流的输送具有阶段性和跳跃性,而且是不断增强的;同时,暖湿平流的向北推进与中国沿海海雾自南向北推进的演变过程相一致。(3) GRAPES模式能够较好地模拟和实现近地层温差因子,引入该预报变量因子后,海雾区域预报的准确率、Ts和Hss评分都有明显的提高。 相似文献
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南京市PM2.5物理化学特性及来源解析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在夏、冬两季,分别在南京市4个站点进行为期7天的气溶胶PM2.5采样,同步采集并分离主要排放源的PM2.5样品,用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)分析得到气样及源样中PM2.5的化学成分,对南京市PM2.5的物理化学特性、富集因子进行了分析,并应用化学质量平衡法(CMB)计算各类源对气溶胶PM2.5的贡献。结果表明,南京市PM2.5的夏、冬平均值分别为69.1、139.5μg.m-3,PM2.5/PM10的全年平均值为63.9%;富集成分中,S、As、Zn、Pb等主要来源于人为污染源,Na则主要来源于海洋。来源解析的结果表明,各类污染源对南京市气溶胶PM2.5的贡献率分别为:扬尘37.28%、煤烟尘30.34%、硫酸盐9.87%、建筑尘7.95%、汽车尘2.98%、冶炼尘2.57%、其他源9.01%。作者还对扬尘中的PM2.5进行了来源解析。 相似文献
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华南登陆热带气旋“珍珠”和“派比安”的对流非对称分布观测分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用广东省中尺度地面气象站和天气雷达的观测资料,对2006年登陆华南的热带气旋(TC)"珍珠"和"派比安"的对流非对称分布进行了分析.结果表明:在登陆TC"珍珠"和"派比安"从登陆前12小时到登陆后6小时期间,强对流主要位于TC中心的"东"、"北"象限,即TC移动路径的右侧和前方;同时TC对流在垂直方向也存在明显的差异.分析还发现,虽然登陆TC"珍珠"和"派比安"都有相同的对流非对称分布,但是引起这种对流非对称分布的原因并不完全相同,登陆TC"珍珠"的对流非对称分布主要与强的环境垂直风切变、低层水平风场切变、低层辐合和辐散的影响有关,而登陆TC"派比安"的对流非对称分布主要与低层辐合和辐散的影响有关. 相似文献
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To investigate the values of 10-m drag coefficient (CD) in different coastal areas under the influence of tropical cyclones, the present study used the observational data from four towers in different coastal areas of the South China Sea (SCS) during six tropical cyclone (TC) passages, and employed the eddy covariance method and the flux profile method. The analysis of footprint showed that the fluxes at Zhizai Island (ZZI), Sanjiao Island (SJI) and Donghai Island (DHI) were influenced basically by the ocean, and the flux at Shangyang Town (SYT) was influenced mainly by the land. The results showed that the dependence relationships of CD on 10-m wind speed (U10) in four different coastal areas under the influence of TCs were different. CD at ZZI and SJI initially increased and then decreased as U10 increased, similar to the pattern over the ocean. CD at ZZI and SJI represented the values over shallow water with seawater depths of ~7 m and ~2 m, respectively. Moreover, the critical wind speed at which CD peaked gradually decreased as the seawater depth became shallower in the coastal areas. CD at DHI and SYT decreased monotonously as U10 increased, similar to the pattern over the land. CD at DHI represented the value over the transition zone from shallow water to coastal land, and CD at SYT represented the value over the coastal land. Meanwhile, the eddy covariance method and the flux profile method were compared at ZZI and SYT during TC passages. It was found that their CD values obtained by the two methods were close. Finally, the parameterizations of observed u* and CD as a function of U10 over four different coastal areas were given under the influence of high winds. These parameterizations of observed C may be used in high-resolution numerical models for landfalling TC forecast. 相似文献
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This paper investigates processing of fast-response data and corrections of turbulent fluxes obtained by using eddy covariance method based on data collected at an offshore observation tower during three Cold-intrusion(CI)events in the South China Sea in 2010. This study presents the data processing procedure in detail and compares frictional velocities(u*), sensible heat fluxes(H) and latent heat fluxes(LE) yielded by using different averaging periods and different coordinate rotation methods; evaluates the sonic temperature correction for sensible heat flux and the Webb correction for latent heat flux as a function of 10 m wind speed(u10) during the CIs. The results show(1) that the different averaging periods of 30 min and 10 min cause biases of u*(H, LE) within 5%(15%, 62%). The values of u*(H,LE) averaged from 30 mins are mostly larger than those averaged from 10 mins. We suggest that the averaging period of 10 min is not sufficiently long to capture all scale eddies and recommend 30 min averaging period in calculating turbulent fluxes using eddy covariance method during CIs;(2) that the values of u*(H, LE) obtained from double rotation(DR2) and those obtained from planar fit rotation(PF) have good agreements and correlation coefficients between them are larger than 0.99. Because PF method requires unchanged environment and it is easier to apply DR2 method, we suggest DR2 coordinate rotation method in processing fast-response data; and(3) that the median values of frictional velocity(sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) binned according to 2 m s~(-1) intervals of u_(10) increase(decrease,increase) by less than 9%(4%, 10%) by Coriolis corrections(sonic temperature corrections, Webb corrections), which decreases(decreases, increases) with increasing u10 when u10 are 5-17 m s~(-1). 相似文献
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现代防雷工程是一个系统工程。由于闪电的电磁脉冲无孔不入地从空间各方面袭击各种现代化电子设备,所以现代的防雷技术措施必须采取全方位的防护办法,设置多道防线,多个界面,层层设防,综合防护。而在现代防雷技术措施中,等电位连接是最为关键的环节之一。１ 等电位与等电位连接 等电位是指需要防雷的空间内,雷击时系统中各部件不存在电位差。要达到这点很难,只能做到各部件之间的电位差相对缩小到低于介质击穿的程度。 等电位连接包含两方面的内容。一是把建筑物内,以及附近所有的大金属物,如混凝土钢筋、自来水管、煤气管及其它… 相似文献
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采用NOAA极轨卫星先进微波探测器AMSU-A L1B的观测资料,经过卫星天线模式校正和临边调整,然后采用线性回归及水平方向上逐步订正法得到水平分辨率0.5 °×0.5 °垂直方向1 000 ~ 0.1 hPa共40层的反演温度资料。通过个例分析发现,反演的温度资料可以揭示热带气旋暖心的细致结构。之后,选取了由中高层向下(“自上而下”)发展而来的发展和不发展的南海热带低压,对这些热带低压暖心结构的演变进行了对比分析。结果表明:由中高层向下发展而来的南海热带低压,都有暖心结构从中高层向下发展到近海面的过程;发展的南海热带低压在暖心向下发展到近海面时,高层暖心突然增强,使得热带低压的暖心在高层和低层同时出现显著增强;而不发展的南海热带低压的暖心结构并没有出现这种现象。因此,通过监测热带低压暖心结构的变化,可能对判别热带低压是否发展有一定的帮助。 相似文献
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研究了以广东省东莞站为代表的珠三角地区及作为对比的粤西遂溪站为代表的海边地区降水样品的化学成分与闪电活动间的关系,以及分析了珠三角地区污染源对降水化学成分的影响,通过进行相关分析,发现在珠三角地区,除了臭氧不明显外,空气中的二氧化硫、二氧化氮及可吸入颗粒物浓度(没有进入降水中)与闪电发生的次数都存在着显著的负相关关系。另外,还发现闪电降水具有十分明显的化学特征地区性差异,即相对其它地区,浓度较高的化学成分其闪电降水的化学浓度都要明显高于非闪电降水,而浓度较低的化学成分其闪电降水的化学浓度都低于非闪电降水,这进一步证明了pH值与雷电活动的关系并非主要由湿清除过程引起,而是与雷电活动有比较密切的关系。同时,通过进行相关分析发现,闪电活动与降水中某些离子浓度、降水的电导率及pH值间存在显著的相关关系,总的来说,闪电活动与当地的典型化学成分浓度有着显著的相关关系,例如闪电活动在海边地区与海盐性离子有显著的相关关系、在珠三角地区与主要由工业化和城市化环境所引起的各种离子有显著的相关关系。 相似文献