Parameterisation of surface radiation flux at an Antarctic site     

A. Orsini  F. Calzolari  T. Georgiadis  V. Levizzani  M. Nardino  R. Pirazzini  R. Rizzi  R. Sozzi  C. Tomasi 《Atmospheric Research》2000,54(4):210

During the Antarctic summer 1994/95 the values of downward and upward flux densities of both solar and terrestrial radiation were recorded at 1200 m for a period of 1 month on the Reeves Nevè Glacier (lat 74°39′S, long 161°35′E), near the Italian base of Terra Nova Bay. The relations proposed by Swinbank [Swinbank, W.C., 1963. Long-wave radiation from clear skies. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 89, 339–348], Idso and Jackson [Idso, S.B., Jackson, R.D., 1969. Thermal radiation from the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 74, 5397–5403] and Deacon [Deacon, E.L., 1970. The derivation of Swinbank's long-wave radiation formula. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 96, 313–319] associating the long-wave atmospheric radiation flux only to the air temperature at screen level were tested in extreme Antarctic climatological condition. A relation between the long-wave radiation flux and both screen air temperature and cloud cover fraction in accordance to the height of the cloud base was defined using the Kasten and Czeplak relationship that relates the solar radiation flux and the cloud cover index. The study of the incoming short-wave radiation flux from the clear sky and that reflected by the surrounding snow cover allowed for highlighting the role of surface geometry on the albedo measurements.  相似文献   

An application of Mie's series to soft particles     

A. Y. Perelman 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(6):1077-1088

Summary The scattering of electromagnetic radiation from soft particles has been studied by a new method which allows to transform the Mie series into a simplified form through the use of some auxiliary expansions derived in the Appendix of this article. This simplified form (eq. 1) converts into the Hulst and Rayleigh-Debye-Gans' formulae if the parameters of eq. I are properly restricted. A further simplified form (eq. II), improves the well-known Hulst approximation.  相似文献   

A Model to Calculate what a Remote Sensor ‘Sees’ of an Urban Surface   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A. Soux  J. A. Voogt  T. R. Oke 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,112(2):401-424

Whilst the measurement of radiation emissions from a surface is relatively straightforward, correct interpretation and proper utilization of the information requires that the surface area seen be known accurately. This becomes non-trivial when the target is an urban surface, due to its complex three-dimensional form and the different thermal, radiative and moisture properties of its myriad surface facets. The geometric structure creates shade patterns in combination with the solar beam and obscures portions of the surface from the sensor, depending on where it is pointing and its field-of-view (FOV). A model to calculate these surface-sensor-sun relations (SUM) is described. SUM is tested against field and scale model observations, and theoretical calculations, and found to perform well. It can predict the surface area seen by a sensor of known FOV pointing in any direction when placed at any point in space above a specified urban surface structure. Moreover, SUM can predict the view factors of the roof, wall and ground facets seen and whether they are sunlit or shaded at any location and time of day. SUM can be used to determine the optimal placement and orientation of remote sensors to study urban radiation emissions; if the facet temperatures are known or modelled it can calculate the average temperature of the system, and it can determine the directional variation of temperature (anisotropy) due to any particular surface-sensor-sun geometric combination. The present surface geometry used in SUM is relatively simple, but there is scope to make it increasingly realistic.  相似文献   

绿洲边缘夏季小气候特征及地表辐射与能量平衡特征分析   总被引：28，自引：15，他引：13  

张宇  吕世华  陈世强  奥银焕  胡泽勇  韦志刚 《高原气象》2005,24(4):527-533

利用“绿洲系统能量与水分循环过程观测试验”加强期(IOP)在甘肃省酒泉市金塔绿洲观测的资料,分析了夏季金塔绿洲边缘的小气候特征及地表辐射收支和地表能量平衡特征。作为绿洲沙漠相互作用的界面,在白天绿洲边缘的垂直运动仍然是以上升气流为主,并且其小气候主要受土壤湿度的影响。中午前后绿洲边缘的总辐射最大值在1000W.m-2左右,净辐射>700W.m-2;在白天,仅有个别天数的感热通量超过100W.m-2,最大值仅为150W.m-2左右。在整个观测期,有超过70%的天数出现负感热通量。而Bowen比在±10-1量级,地表能量不平衡的差额较大,约28%。  相似文献   

低纬高原城市区域冬季晴天不同波长辐射的特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张一平  李佑荣  张庆平 《热带气象学报》1998,14(4):329-336

利用低纬高原城市昆明城区内外不同波长辐射的实测资料,分析了研究得较少的城区内外不同波长辐射的分布特征、变化规律及其差异,主要结果如下：（１）城内因受周围大气环境质量的影响,各波长辐射量的变化离散性大于城外;不同波长辐射的绝对量和相对量（城内外比值）大多是城内小于城外,且以大气污染严重的午前差异显著。（２）低纬高原城市区域,冬季晴好天气时午前、午后不同波长射占总辐射的百分率存在差异;城内外各辐射的百  相似文献   

Radiative Effects on Temperature in the Stable Surface Layer   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Nelson Dias 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1998,89(1):141-159

The interaction between longwave radiation and temperature fluctuations plays a role in the dissipation of temperature variance. This interaction is most easily described by spectral models of atmospheric turbulence and a spectral radiative dissipation function which gives the intensity of the damping at each radiative wavelength and wavenumber k. We have used a Corrsin–Pao closure for the spectral budgets of turbulent kinetic energy and temperature to study the coupling of radiation to turbulence. The spectral radiative dissipation function and a related integral have been fitted by analytical approximations with the correct asymptotic behavior. This resulted in a simple analytical formula for the dimensionless temperature spectrum as a function of Monin-Obukhov stability, and a new dimensionless parameter describing the relative importance of radiation in the temperature spectral budget. The radiative effects both on the temperature spectrum and on the dimensionless temperature variance can then be calculated. Based on typical values of the radiative dimensionless parameters for the surface layer, we conclude that radiative dissipation is probably negligible there.  相似文献   

地闪回击的微秒级辐射场特征及近地面连接过程分析   总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8  

郄秀书  郭昌明 《高原气象》1998,17(1):44-54

利用１μｓ时间分辨率的慢天线电场变化仪在甘肃中川地区雷暴过程中测量得到的大量地闪辐射波形地地闪回击辐射场特征及回击的慢前沿过程进行分析,发现１８次正地闪和８５次负地闪产在周前沿过程上升时间为１９．２μｓ和９．４μｓ,８４次负地闪继后回击的前沿过程为４．３ μｓ。ＹＹ ＵＤＡ Ｏ ３．１μ;  相似文献   

青藏高原地区地-气系统的辐射平衡特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

季国良  江灏 《高原气象》1988,(1)

本文利用1982年8月—1983年7月青藏高原热源野外考察期间的Nimbus7卫星观测资料,分析了高原及其邻近地区行星反照率、大气顶的射出长波辐射和地-气系统辐射平衡的区域分布及季节变化特征以及它们对天气气候的影响。同时配合同期的地面辐射观测资料,讨论了卫星资料与地面实测资料间的相互关系,为探索卫星资料的应用等作了尝试。  相似文献   

1986年和1987年秋季西太平洋赤道附近海域的辐射状况   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

姚兰昌  袁福茂 《高原气象》1989,8(4):331-344

本文利用1986和1987年秋季在西太平洋赤道海域取得的短期辐射资料,分析了这一特定海域的辐射状况。揭示了所在海域太阳辐射的一些特征。这对了解该海域海气界面上的热状况以及它对所在海域天气气候的影响无疑都有帮助。  相似文献   

不连续植被冠层辐射透过率和反射率的测量(英文)     

《遥感学报》1997,(Z1)

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