青藏高原多年冻土微生物的分离分析及其意义   总被引：6，自引：9，他引：6  

刘光  胡昌勤  张靖溥  沈永平 《冰川冻土》2001,23(4):419-422

对取自昆仑山垭口2m钻孔的21个样品中的微生物进行了分离鉴定，并对其生长速度和耐药性进行了初步分析，结果表明：青藏高原多年冻土中有微生物存在，其种类表现为临床少见，生长速度缓慢，冻土微生物的生长表现为嗜冷性，在35℃时生长停止，反映其有特殊的生理活动机制，分离细菌的耐药性分析，发现冻土中有较大比例的耐药细菌，反映了高原微生物的特殊性。  相似文献   

Airborne microorganisms: Their occurrence,distribution and dependence on environmental factors — Especially on organic compounds of air-pollution     

Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. H. Rüden  Prof. Dr. med. E. Thofern  Dr. med. P. Fischer  Dr. Ing. U. Mihm 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(2-3):335-350

For a period of approximately six months the concentrations of airborne microorganisms were determined by the uptake of their day-characteristic at local places differing by the extent of air pollution. By simultaneously recording the meteorological parameters as temperature, relative humidity, direction and velocity of wind and intensity of solar radiation, it was intended to find out the relationship between these factors and the viability of airborne microorganisms. The present data show an oscillation of the concentration counts over a wide range and seem not yet to depend on the local situation of air pollution.In a further series of experiments the atmospheric aerosol <10 m was collected on air-filters. The decreased substances were extracted from the filter material by aqueous and organic solutants and tested for their antimicrobial activities. In this context the seasonal dependence of the microbicidal activity of organic compounds of aerosol is discussed.  相似文献   

An application of Iatroscan thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection—lipid classes of microorganisms as biomarkers in the marine environment     

M. Goutx  C. Gerin  J.C. Bertrand 《Organic Geochemistry》1990,16(4-6)

Iatroscan TLC-FID combines the separatory capabilities of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (on silica coated chromarods) with the possibility of quantitation by flame ionization detection (FID). It can be used to separate lipid extracts into classes of compounds ranging from neutral to polar products. The rapidity with which this system provides lipid class profiles from small samples makes it particularly useful in oceanographic studies where routine analyses of large numbers of samples are required. Lipid classes were analysed in 4 marine bacterial strains grown on various substrates and 10 microalgae isolated from the marine environment and grown in batch cultures. Data on lipid composition of these microorganisms were obtained and compared to literature data. Results show that ratios between classes of compounds within the different groups of microorganisms were characteristic enough to constitute a good print of bacterial or phytoplankton sources in organic matter in sea water. In a preliminary study, phospholipid classes from a bacterial strain and a microalga were separated. Results show that the determination of ratios between phospholipid classes in organic matter could represent an improvement in the utilization of lipid classes as biomarkers.  相似文献   

长江经济带某石化场地土壤中污染物分布与微生物特征     

叶翔宇  陈雪霞  于波  张敏  郭彩娟  卢晓霞 《地学前缘》2022,29(3):239-247

从长江经济带某在役石化场地采集了3个点位不同深度的土壤样品,测定了石油烃等污染物的含量和微生物的群落结构,以揭示污染物分布规律和微生物特征。结果显示,3个点位污染程度不同,但污染物含量均随深度先升高后降低,最高含量均出现在埋深4.0 m左右,即地下水位附近。土壤中C6-C9高达5 302 mg/kg,C10-C40高达625.6 mg/kg,芳烃高达455.2 mg/kg,卤代烃高达41.54 mg/kg。土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随深度增加而降低,同一深度土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随污染物含量增大而降低。门水平上Actinobacteria、Firmicutes和Spirochaetes的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05),属水平上Streptomyces、SCADC1-2-3、Desulfitobacterium和Cryptanaerobacter的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05)。  相似文献   

721铀矿可培养嗜酸性微生物多样性分布     

徐蔚云  刘亚洁  徐玲玲  孙丽敏 《华东地质学院学报》2009,32(2):147-151

嗜酸性微生物是一类生活在极端酸性环境下的微生物,已被广泛用于生物冶金。对721铀矿嗜酸性微生物的群落分布规律进行了初步的研究与探讨。运用双层固体平板培养技术,以琼脂糖为凝固剂,以SJH为底层添加菌,分离样品中的微生物．得到8种嗜酸性微生物,根据不同菌在不同双层固体平板表面的菌落形态特征,并结合16SrRNA基因扩增技术鉴定菌种。占优势的嗜酸性微生物为氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称A．f）.  相似文献   

可吸入矿物细颗粒物与微生物的相互作用     

董发勤  代群威  贺小春  邓建军  唐朝军 《岩石矿物学杂志》2009,28(6):611-616

矿物细颗粒物和微生物个体都是大气颗粒物(PM)重要组成部分,它们在形态、共生关系和空气动力学行为上均有高关联度.本文对可吸入颗粒物(IP)和可吸入矿物细颗粒(IMG)的颗粒特性、自由基和生物活性、IP和IMG与微生物相互作用效果的研究现状做了阐述,指出大气颗粒物与微生物的相互作用的重要性.提出今后应重点研究可吸入矿物细颗粒物的环境化学与微生物作用行为,研究IMG-微生物体系近尺寸作用体系中的尺寸效应、界膜作用等对矿物颗粒物表面形态、表面电性、表面基团及自由基等的影响,分泌蛋白质与相变、元素变价、溶解(络合)的关系以及由此引起的颗粒物活性和生物毒性的变化等.  相似文献   

微生物对冻土生境的适应以及对全球变化和寒区工程扰动的响应:进展与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨思忠  金会军  魏智  吉延峻  何瑞霞 《冰川冻土》2007,29(2):279-285

多年冻土这一极端的生境中,温度、营养物质、冻融过程等因素深刻影响和限制着冻土中微生物生理、代谢途径和生态结构.低温胁迫下,冻土中微生物从形态、生理和生化水平发展了特殊的耐受机制.冻融过程对细胞产生直接危害,并通过调节水盐、营养条件输送而间接地影响微生物活动.寒区工程扰动下垫面和周边一定范围内冻土的水、热、力学平衡,由此也改变了微生物赖以生存的微环境,破坏了地表植被和下伏冻土中微生物的联系.寒区油气管道泄漏后严重地污染土壤,并毒害和抑制冻土中微生物.冻土区微生物数量及生物多样性的波动与冻土的后生冷生作用以及生物地球化学循环密切相关.它们可能记录了冻土的发育、全球变化和生态环境变迁的重要信息.全球变暖背景下,冻土区微生物对有机碳和温室气体的束缚、吸收、运移和最终排放发挥着重要的作用,在全球碳氮循环和对气候系统的反馈中扮演重要角色.  相似文献   

盐场海芽孢杆菌与大洋铁锰结核相互作用     

吕靖  蓝鑫  姜明玉  曹文瑞  萨仁高娃  于心科  常凤鸣 《海洋科学》2020,44(1):36-45

本文研究了盐场海芽孢杆菌(Marinibacilluscampisalis)与大洋铁锰结核的相互作用过程,以及海洋微生物在铁锰结核形成中的作用。实验选取从深海沉积物中分离培养的盐场海芽孢杆菌(Marinibacillus campisalis)和大洋铁锰结核样品进行相互作用实验,设置有菌组和无菌组,培养过程中间隔取样分析。运用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析测定大洋铁锰结核元素组成,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定反应过程中Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu等离子浓度的变化,通过透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)观察并分析微生物表面情况,利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析手段测定铁锰结核矿物组成的变化。实验进行1天内细菌处于对数生长期,有菌组的Fe、Mn等离子浓度增加; 2—7天内细菌处于稳定期, Fe、Mn等离子浓度有一定程度降低,但总体浓度均大于无菌组的离子浓度,金属离子被吸附在菌体表面,新形成了简单的含Fe化合物和矿物;实验结束后,XRD分析结果显示样品的矿物含量,如菱铁矿、赤铁矿和针铁矿等有轻微程度的增加。研究表明盐场海芽孢杆菌(Marinibacilluscampisalis)能够促进释放铁锰结核中的Fe、Mn等元素,同时对释放出的金属离子又有富集作用,并能够诱导新矿物的形成。本研究为深入了解铁锰结核的生物成因提供了新的依据。  相似文献   

城市河流沉积物中氮素与好氧甲烷氧化菌群落特征响应关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘洋  陈永娟  王晓燕  许康利 《湖泊科学》2018,30(5):1271-1283

由于人类活动的影响大量未经处理的废污水汇入城市河流,高浓度的污染物影响了河流中微生物对生物地球化学物质迁移和转化的介导作用.本文选取典型的城市河流——北运河作为研究区域,分析了北运河沉积物中氮素形态以及含量的空间和季节差异性,并结合克隆文库分子生物学的方法,探讨了氮素形态和含量的差异对好氧甲烷氧化菌(aerobic methane-oxidizing microorganisms,MOB)群落特征的影响.结果表明:北运河沉积物中铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)为氮素的主要存在形态,存在显著的空间差异,其含量在下游显著高于上游,但季节差异不显著.NH_4~+-N含量的空间差异对MOB的群落结构和群落分布有显著影响,对群落多样性影响不显著.NH_4~+-N含量的空间分布特征与MOB的群落聚类特征一致,NH_4~+-N对MOB群落分布的影响显著高于其他形态的氮素,其含量越高,则与MOB群落分布的响应关系越紧密.北运河中NH_4~+-N的来源影响了沉积物中MOB的主要来源,MOB高同源性菌群的来源与NH_4~+-N等主要污染物的来源一致.沉积物中MOB物种之间联系的紧密程度依赖于氮素的主要存在形态及其含量水平.NH_4~+-N含量较高的下游沉积物中微生物彼此之间关系及集聚程度更强,受外界环境变化的干扰程度更强,受人类活动引起环境变化的敏感程度更高.城市河流中氮素的形态和含量差异对甲烷的氧化过程有显著影响.探究城市河流沉积物中高含量的NH_4~+-N对甲烷产生及消耗的影响过程是控制河流温室气体排放的关键.  相似文献   

东海表层沉积物中氨氧化微生物群落的空间分布和季节性变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贺惠  甄毓  米铁柱  路兴岚  于志刚 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(8):83-92

Ammonia oxidation plays a significant role in the nitrogen cycle in marine sediments. Seasonal and spatial distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and betaproteobacteria(β-AOB) in surface sediments from the East China Sea(ECS) were investigated using ammonia monooxygenase α subunit(amo A) gene. In order to characterize the community of AOA and β-AOB, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) was carried out in this study, along with environmental parameters. The abundance of β-AOB amo A gene(2.17×106–4.54×107 copy numbers per gram wet weight sediment) was always greater than that of AOA amo A gene(2.18×105–9.89×106 copy numbers per gram wet weight sediment) in all sampling stations. The q PCR results were correlated with environmental parameters. AOA amo A gene copy numbers in April were positively related to temperature and nitrite concentration(p0.05). β-AOB amo A gene copy numbers in August correlated negatively with salinity(p0.01), and correlated positively with ammonium concentration(p0.05). With the increase of salinity, the amo A gene copy ratio of AOB to AOA had a tendency to decrease, which suggested β-AOB dominated in the area of high level ammonium and AOA preferred high salinity area.  相似文献