全球碳循环研究中的δ13C方法及其进展     

陈中笑  赵琦 《地球科学进展》2011,26(11):1225-1233

随着分析技术的进步,δ13C观测在全球碳循环研究中越来越受到重视。在讨论关于碳循环中δ13C的Suess效应、分布特征和同位素分馏等基本概念的基础上,结合现有的观测事实,介绍应用δ13C辨别碳的源汇问题的方法,通过比较不同KeelingPlot方法分析该方法在研究大气CO2背景特征中的意义。着重讨论δ13C在研究大气C...  相似文献   

油气藏埋存二氧化碳生物转化甲烷的机理和应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏小芳  罗一菁  刘可禹  帅燕华 《地球科学进展》2011,26(5):499-506

埋存CO<,2>生物转化CH<,4>技术是利用油、气藏中内源微生物,以埋存的CO<,2>为底物,通过CO<,2>生物还原途径合成CH<,4>的生物技术.此技术因兼备CO<,2>减排的环保意义、生物合成CH<,4>的再生能源意义、延长油气藏寿命和潜在经济收益等优势有着广泛应用前景.CO<,2>的捕集、埋存和油气藏生物多样...  相似文献   

墨西哥下加利福尼亚M_W 7.2地震前后CO遥感地球化学异常     

崔月菊  杜建国  周晓成  陈志  李营  刘雷  谢超  张炜斌 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2011,30(4):458-464

利用AIRS产品数据提取了2010年4月4日墨西哥下加利福尼亚MW7.2地震前后震中及其附近CO总量和CO体积混合比随时间变化的信息,讨论了CO气体地球化学变化与地震活动的关系。数据表明,下加利福尼亚地震前约一个月CO总量升高,高出前两年同期平均值2～4×1017 mole/cm2,在地震发生前后CO总量和近地表CO体积混合比有波动现象,且8日平均数据的标准偏差增大,约为非地震时段的2倍。该现象应该归因于地震孕育发生过程中地应力作用使岩石圈脱气增强、大气电磁和化学反应引起的CO含量的增加。研究结果表明利用卫星高光谱遥感数据提取与地震有关的CO气体地球化学信息,对地震监测预报有重要意义。  相似文献   

低渗透油藏CO2驱过程中含水率变化规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

俞宏伟  杨思玉  李实  杨永智 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(4):1028-1032,1047

通过国内外多个油田水驱后实施CO2驱的矿场实例研究,发现注入CO2后很多油井存在含水率下降的现象;这种现象发生在CO2驱的整个开发阶段,包括注气初期阶段CO2未到达生产井、生产井见气阶段以及高气油比阶段。重点讨论了生产井见气前的开发规律,在该阶段油藏内以油水两相渗流为主,不受三相渗流作用的影响。通过现场动态反应并结合室内细管和长岩心实验,揭示了CO2与油、水2种介质的相互作用,得到了两个结论:第一是始于低含水阶段的CO2驱过程中气体穿越地层水驱替地层油到达生产井;第二是始于高含水阶段的CO2驱替规律在不同级别低渗透岩心中的差异非常明显:对于特低渗岩心,CO2突破前的采出程度占CO2驱总采出程度的73.27%,CO2突破后的采出程度占26.73%,对于一般低渗岩心,CO2突破前的采出程度仅占CO2驱总采出程度的16.72%,而CO2突破后的采出程度占到了CO2驱总采出程度的83.28%。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711100079X   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H.A. Wanas 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(4):491-507

Lower Paleozoic rocks exposed in various regions of Egypt (south central Sinai, north Eastern Desert and southwest Western Desert), in addition to occurring in the subsurface such as north Western Desert and the Gulf of Suez. The Lower Paleozoic rocks in Egypt include surface and subsurface rock units of formational status. The surface rock units are the Taba, Araba and Naqus formations. The subsurface rock units include the Shifa, Kohla and Basur formations. The Infracambrian Taba Formation has been discovered recently in the outcrops of the south eastern Sinai in the Taba-Ras El-Naqab area. It is missing and/or not recognized in the subsurface. The Taba Formation consists mainly of reddish brown, unfossiliferous gravelly fine-to medium-grained sandstones cemented by kaolinite and have subordinate beds of paleosols. The Cambrian Araba Formation and its subsurface equivalent (the Shifa Formation) are essentially composed of reddish brown, fine-grained laminated sandstone and siltstone with abundant Skolithos and Cruziana sp. In contrast, the Ordovician-Silurian Naqus Formation and its subsurface equivalents (Kohla Formation and Basur Formation) are mainly composed of white, unfossiliferous, cross-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained sandstones with haphazardly distributed pebbles and cobbles. Sedimentological analysis indicates that the Araba Formation and its equivalents were deposited in a marginal-marine environment, whereas the Naqus Formation and its equivalents were laid down in a fluvio-glacial environment. Integrated stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the Lower Paleozoic rocks permit reconstruction of the paleogeography of Egypt at that time. Egypt has been largely controlled since the Cambrian by the pre-existing structural framework of the pre-Phanerozoic basement rocks inherited from the Late Proterozoic Pan-African event. Additionally, sedimentation processes were controlled during Cambro-Ordovician times by tectonic movements, whereas glacio-eustatic control predominated during the Late Ordovician-Silurian Period. These studies suggest that most areas of Egypt were exposed lands with episodically transgression by epicontinental seas related to the paleo-Tethys. These lands formed a part of a stable subsiding shelf at the northern Gondwana margin.  相似文献   

注入速率对CO_2地质储存封存潜力的影响分析     

李采  张可霓  许雅琴  何庆成 《上海国土资源》2011,32(1):24-27,32

国内某著名煤炭企业计划实施每年10万吨的CO2地质储存（CCS）项目,拟选了5组地层做为目标储层。但所选封存层平均渗透率在0.15~0.6mD,平均孔隙度在2~6%,属于低渗低孔地层,如不进行人工压裂提高注入层渗透率,要实现预定存储目标尚有一些困难。笔者在研究中发现,除对目标层进行一定的水裂酸化处理提高地层渗透特性可以显著提高注入性和存储能力外,CO2注入速率的变化对地层的封存能力和注入性也有明显影响。运用TOUGH2-ECO2N软件分别模拟了无水裂及水裂情况下8种不同注入速率下这些目标存储层的压力变化及CO2封存状态比例及理论最大封存能力。模拟结果表明使用水裂酸化方法对储层进行处理后,不仅可以使注入总量达到项目要求,还可使系统理论最大储存能力提高55%;并且在灌注过程中采用变速灌注方式,可以有效控制系统压力积聚,对将来实际灌注压力控制具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Dark respiration in the light and in darkness of three marine macroalgal species grown under ambient and elevated CO₂ concentrations     

ZOU Dinghui  GAO Kunshan  XIA Jianrong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(1):106-112

Dark respiration (non-photorespiratory mitochondrial respiration),which occurs both in the light and in darkness,is vital for growth and survival of algae and plays a critical role in modulating the carbon balance of them.In the present study,we have investigated dark respiration in the light (R L) and in darkness (R D) in three marine macroalgal species,Hizikia fusiformis (phaeophyta),Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta),cultured at 20℃ using aeration with two CO 2 conditions:current ambient (CO 2 concentration about 380 μl/L) and elevated CO 2 (approximately 720 μl/L) air.R L was estimated by using the Kok method,whereas R D was determined as the rate of O 2 influx at zero light.The results showed that both R L and R D were unchanged for the elevated CO 2-grown algae relative to ambient CO 2 concentration for all the algal species tested.However,R L was significantly lower than R D across all the algal species and growth CO 2 treatments,demonstrating that daytime respiration was partly depressed by the light.The percentage of inhibition of respiration by light was similar between ambient and elevated CO 2 grown algae.The ratio of respiration to photosynthesis,which tended to decrease when estimated using R L instead of R D,was not altered for the elevated relative to ambient CO 2 concentration.The results suggest that R L,rather than R D,is a more accurate estimate of nonphotorespiratory carbon loss in marine macroalgae during the daytime.It would not be anticipated that elevated atmospheric CO 2 would exert a substantial influence on respiratory flux either in the light or in darkness in these particular marine macroalgal species.  相似文献   

第1期     

《台湾海峡》2011,(4):595-596

论文与报告基于连续沥取的富钴结壳成凶机制的探讨………………………………………………………………………………蔡毅华,黄奕普,邢娜（1）饥饿对斜带石斑鱼稚鱼胃肠道内分泌细胞的形态、定位和分布密度的影响…………………………………………………翁幼竹,方永强（10）地芽孢杆菌属DYth03DNA聚合酶基因的克隆、表达及性质分析……………………………………………………罗淑娅,李侃,徐丽美（17）杂色鲍血蓝蛋白HtHI基因第16内含子SNP密度的分析…………………………………………梁翠,陈军,游伟伟,王德祥,柯才焕（21）大亚湾大鹏澳海域表层沉积物中浮游植物休眠体集群的季节变化…………………………………………付永虎,王朝晖,康伟,杨宇峰（27）  相似文献   

大洋海区海-气CO_2通量单参数遥感算法的适用性检验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王郝京 《台湾海峡》2011,30(2):286-291

利用卫星遥感技术的优势,基于LDEO数据库的全球海表二氧化碳分压（PCO2）及海表温度（SST）等实测数据,初步建立东太平洋海区PCO2与SST的单参数经验算法,并采用相同区域的独立实测数据检验.结果表明,单参数算法在寡营养大洋海区具有良好的适用性,反演值与实测值之间的均方根误差（RMS）为0.51 Pa（1 Pa=9.869μatm）,由此估算出2003年6月该海域CO2通量为-1.4 mmol/（m2.d）,与实测估算的碳通量基本相符,能够很好地反映出海区CO2源汇特征.将该遥感算法运用到西大西洋海域（15°~25°N,60°~75°W）,反演值与实测值之间均方根误差（RMS）为0.69 Pa.检验结果表明,在寡营养大洋海区,单参数遥感算法具有一定的适用性,在受相似因子调控的同纬度海区可以使用同一遥感算法.  相似文献   

坛紫菜磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因的克隆与序列分析          下载免费PDF全文

张晓娟  王广策  何林文  陈昌生 《海洋科学》2011,35(4):70-76

采用同源克隆的方法和RACE技术,从坛紫菜cDNA中获得了磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)的序列,该段序列含2538个核苷酸包含一个终止密码子TAG和191 bp的3'端非编码区(UTR),可编码846个氨基酸.该段序列中无跨膜结构和信号肽序列,推导的氨基酸序列中C末端第813位氨基酸是丙氨酸(A),表明是一个C<,...  相似文献