Mapping changes of residence with passive mobile positioning data: the case of Estonia     

Pilleriine Kamenjuk  Anto Aasa  Jaanus Sellin 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(7):1425-1447

Similar to every process involving quantitative research, the study of migration heavily depends on the data available for analysis. The available movement data limit the type of questions that can be asked, and as a result, certain aspects of human spatial mobility have yet to be examined. The development of information and communication technologies and their widespread adoption offers new datasets, methods and interpretations that make it possible to study social processes at a new level. For example, mobile positioning data can aid in overcoming certain constraints embedded in traditional data sources (such as censuses or questionnaires) for study of the connections between daily mobility and change of residence. This study presents a framework for mapping changes of residence using data from passive mobile positioning and an anchor point model to better understand the limits of these methods and their contribution to understanding long-term mobility. The study concludes that the most important considerations in monitoring change of residence using passive mobile position data include the continuity of the time-series data, the varying structure of the mobile tower network and the diversified nature of human mobility. The fine spatial and temporal granularities of passive mobile positioning data allow us to study human movement at a detailed scale.  相似文献   

基于改进DeepLabv3+孪生网络的遥感影像变化检测方法     

赵祥  王涛  张艳  郑迎辉  张昆  王龙辉 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(8):1604-1616

传统遥感影像变化检测方法依赖人工构建特征,算法设计复杂且精度不高;而将2幅不同时相影像叠加后输入神经网络的遥感影像变化检测方法会造成不同时相的特征相互影响,难以保持原始影像的高维特征,且模型鲁棒性较差。因此,本文提出一种基于改进DeepLabv3+孪生网络的遥感影像变化检测方法,以经典DeepLabv3+网络的编解码结构为基础对网络进行改进：① 在编码阶段利用共享权值的孪生网络提取特征,通过2个输入端分别接收2幅遥感影像,以保留不同时相影像的高维特征;② 在特征融合中用密集空洞空间金字塔池化模型代替空洞空间金字塔池化模型,通过密集连接的方式结合每个空洞卷积的输出,以提高对不同尺度目标分割的精度;③ 在解码阶段中针对不同层级特征图信息差异较大,难以融合的问题,引入基于注意力机制的特征对齐模型,引导不同层级的特征对齐并强化学习重要特征,以提升模型的鲁棒性。应用开源数据集CDD验证本文方法的有效性,并与UNet-EF、FC-Siam-conc、Siam-DeepLabv3+和N-Siam-DeepLabv3+网络对比试验。试验结果表明,本文方法在精确率、召回率、F1值和总体精度上达到87.3%、90.2%、88.4%、96.4%,均高于UNet-EF、FC-Siam-conc、Siam-DeepLabv3+网络和N-Siam-DeepLabv3+网络,检测结果较为完整,对边界的检测也更为平滑,且对尺度变化具有更高的鲁棒性。  相似文献   

King Canute muses in the South Seas: Why aren’t Pacific Islands transitioning to low carbon sea transport futures?     

《Marine Policy》2017

Transition to low carbon sea transport is a logical response to the extreme dependency of the Pacific Islands region on imported fossil fuel, its significant vulnerability to the effects of climate change and the critical shipping needs of Pacific Island countries (PICs). Building on previous work in low carbon sea transport in the Pacific, this paper further considers the barriers to achieving such transition by assessing, through a ‘post-Paris Agreement’ lens, the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted by PICs and contrasting these to the near total lack of investment and planning for low carbon transition in the transport sector with the parallel occurrence in the electricity sector where ~USD 2 billion of donor investment is deployed or queued despite electricity using only ~20% of fossil fuel across the region. Consistent with recent international studies, inadequate and inappropriate financing and policy have been identified as dominant transition barriers for low carbon sea transport development in PICs. This paper further examines the regional level barriers to policy development, and finds them inhibited by the silo nature of the major regional actors. The implications that the Paris Agreement has for climate financing to support the essential research and capacity development needed to underpin a successful low carbon sea transport transition strategy at any useful scale and speed are also considered in this paper.  相似文献   

近50年汕头市气候演变特征分析   总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0  

叶婵卿  黄锦速  胡松青 《广东气象》2004,(3):6-8

本文运用统计学方法对汕头市近50多年气象资料进行气候演变特征分析,得到了一些对本地区年平均气温和年总降水量有预测意义的结果。  相似文献   

探讨利用SCIAMACHY数据反演温室气体二氧化碳   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖秀英  孙九林  吕宁  王卷乐  程辉 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(3):837-845

自工业革命以来CO2已经成为引起全球气候变暖的一种最主要的人为温室气体,由此引起的全球气候变化是当今社会经济可持续发展面临的最严峻挑战之一.为了更好的研究二氧化碳在时间与空间尺度上的格局及变化,综合分析CO2与太阳辐射、地面反照率、气溶胶等要素之间的关系,本文回顾了以往利用新型卫星传感器获取多源遥感数据的特点,分析了多种反演计算方法的优缺点,并结合地面实测数据进行对比分析的方法与理论,全面阐述国际上有关CO2柱浓度反演的思想.作者认为目前在地面观测站较少的情况下,针对先进的SCIAMACHY传感器数据利用DOAS相关算法及BESD算法进行CO2柱体浓度反演的数据连续,技术成熟,并由此提出了下一步工作中应解决的3个问题.  相似文献   

芦山地震前后龙门山断裂带西南段地应力状态对比分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邱君  吴满路  范桃园  张重远  李冉  陈利忠 《地质学报》2017,91(5):969-978

2013年4月20日芦山Ms7.0级地震后,为研究龙门山断裂带西南段震后的地应力状态,应用水压致裂法和压磁应力解除法在该区开展了2个钻孔的原地应力测量工作。测量结果显示硗碛测点在128～188m深度范围内最小水平主应力的量值为10.47～18.47 MPa,最大水平主应力的量值为19.60～25.83 MPa,方向为N63°～85°W;天全测点在114～142m深度范围内最小水平主应力的量值为5.20～7.73 MPa,最大水平主应力的量值为8.21～9.31 MPa,方向为N59°W。两个测点水平主应力与垂直应力的关系均为σ_Hσ_hσ_v,其中硗碛测点最大、最小水平主应力与垂直应力比值的平均值分别为5.27和3.01,天全测点最大、最小水平主应力与垂直应力比值的平均值分别为2.60和1.76,表明有利于逆断层活动。通过比较该地区芦山地震前后实测地应力状态,发现芦山地震后,龙门山断裂带西南段的北段(即邛崃大邑西-宝兴北-汶川南一带)和南段(即天全-荥经-泸定-康定一带)应力积累量增加。相同深度范围内,北段硗碛测点震后的应力大小要比地震前有明显的提高,这也与硗碛测点地应力监测结果一致。实测应力方向与震前基本一致,都为NW-NWW。基于实测地应力资料,根据库伦破裂准则和Byerlee定律分析,位于北段的硗碛测点震前部分压裂段的最大水平主应力处于使断层滑动临界值的上下限之间,而地震后最大水平主应力则均已超过断层滑动临界值的上限。位于南段的飞仙关测点震前最大水平主应力均未达到断层滑动临界值的下限,而地震后天全测点的最大水平主应力则均处于使断层滑动临界值的上下限之间。采用最大剪应力(σ_1-σ_3)/2与平均应力(σ_1+σ_3)/2的比值μ_m(断层摩擦)参数评估研究区地应力的积累水平和地震危险性。震前硗碛测点μ_m的量值为0.16～0.72,平均为0.50,震后为0.71～0.81,平均为0.77。震前飞仙关测点μ_m的量值为0.31～0.35,平均值为0.32,震后天全测点μ_m的量值为0.53～0.57,平均值为0.55,两个研究区的μ_m的量值均变大。分析认为芦山地震后龙门山断裂带西南段的北段和南段的应力积累量增加,都有发生断层滑动的可能性,尤其是北段。  相似文献   

2008年汶川M_S8.0地震对周边断层地震活动的影响   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

邵志刚  周龙泉  蒋长胜  马宏生  张浪平 《地球物理学报》2010,53(8):1784-1795

为分析2008年5月12日四川汶川M_S8.0级地震对周边断层地震活动的影响,本文首先基于Burgers体黏滞松弛模型计算汶川M_S8.0级地震引起的库仑应力动态演化,分析认为2008年汶川M_S8.0级地震在周边断层上引起的库仑应力显著增加的主要有四个断层段,分别为鲜水河断裂道孚-康定段、东昆仑断裂东段玛曲段、青川断裂和龙门山断裂南段.而且震后4年内黏滞松弛引起的库仑应力变化量可能与同震变化相当,相当于再发生一次汶川地震所造成的影响,因此震后效应在分析强震影响时不应忽略.本文基于强震引起的库仑应力变化动态演化,结合背景地震发生率、由Dieterich(1994)模型给出地震发生概率,结合相关构造地质、历史地震、余震活动等方面资料的综合分析认为,上述4个断裂段地震危险性由高到低依次为鲜水河断裂道孚-康定段、龙门山断裂南段、东昆仑断裂东段玛曲段和青川断裂.  相似文献   

刘山岩铜锌矿床成矿地质特征及成矿预测     

蔡锦辉  韦昌山  李铭  罗俊华 《华南地质与矿产》2009,(1):20-25

刘山岩铜锌矿是一座探明资源量面临枯竭的矿山。为寻求新的资源量,探讨该矿区进一步找矿的希望,解决矿山的生存问题,本文通过对刘山岩铜锌矿的地质勘察及开采期间的资料系统整理和研究,对过去的找矿思路进行仔细地分析,提出了刘山岩铜锌矿区深部找矿的具体方向,并对矿区进行了必要的物探工作,对隐伏矿体进行了矿体群的预测。  相似文献   

The dynamics of natural pipe hydrological behaviour in blanket peat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. P. Smart  J. Holden  K. J. Dinsmore  A. J. Baird  M. F. Billett  P. J. Chapman  R. Grayson 《水文研究》2013,27(11):1523-1534

Natural soil pipes are found in peatlands, but little is known about their hydrological role. This paper presents the most complete set of pipe discharge data to date from a deep blanket peatland in Northern England. In a 17.4‐ha catchment, we identified 24 perennially flowing and 60 ephemerally flowing pipe outlets. Eight pipe outlets along with the catchment outlet were continuously gauged over an 18‐month period. The pipes in the catchment were estimated to produce around 13.7% of annual streamflow, with individual pipes often producing large peak flows (maximum peak of 3.8 l s^?1). Almost all pipes, whether ephemerally or perennially flowing, shallow or deep (outlets > 1 m below the peat surface), showed increased discharge within a mean of 3 h after rainfall commencement and were dominated by stormflow, indicating good connectivity between the peatland surface and the pipes. However, almost all pipes had a longer period between the hydrograph peak and the return to base flow compared with the stream (mean of 23.9 h for pipes, 19.7 h for stream). As a result, the proportion of streamflow produced by the pipes at any given time increased at low flows and formed the most important component of stream discharge for the lowest 10% of flows. Thus, a small number of perennially flowing pipes became more important to the stream system under low‐flow conditions and probably received water via matrix flow during periods between storms. Given the importance of pipes to streamflow in blanket peatlands, further research is required into their wider role in influencing stream water chemistry, water temperature and fluvial carbon fluxes, as well as their role in altering local hydrochemical cycling within the peat mass itself. Enhanced piping within peatlands caused by environmental change may lead to changes in the streamflow regime with larger low flows and more prolonged drainage of the peat. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Change detection from remotely sensed images: From pixel-based to object-based approaches     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2013

The appetite for up-to-date information about earth’s surface is ever increasing, as such information provides a base for a large number of applications, including local, regional and global resources monitoring, land-cover and land-use change monitoring, and environmental studies. The data from remote sensing satellites provide opportunities to acquire information about land at varying resolutions and has been widely used for change detection studies. A large number of change detection methodologies and techniques, utilizing remotely sensed data, have been developed, and newer techniques are still emerging. This paper begins with a discussion of the traditionally pixel-based and (mostly) statistics-oriented change detection techniques which focus mainly on the spectral values and mostly ignore the spatial context. This is succeeded by a review of object-based change detection techniques. Finally there is a brief discussion of spatial data mining techniques in image processing and change detection from remote sensing data. The merits and issues of different techniques are compared. The importance of the exponential increase in the image data volume and multiple sensors and associated challenges on the development of change detection techniques are highlighted. With the wide use of very-high-resolution (VHR) remotely sensed images, object-based methods and data mining techniques may have more potential in change detection.  相似文献