海洋表层沉积物中金属镉的来源解析     

谭赛章  杨涛  可愚  刘材材  张昊飞 《海洋通报》2019,38(6):683-689

利用2015年8月份对长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物的监测数据,基于主成分分析/绝对主成分分数(PCA/APCS)受体模型定量解析了重金属元素镉(Cd)的可能来源,并结合地统计学插值了Cd的源贡献量的空间分布状况,结果表明沉积物中镉污染主要存在3个可能来源,源头及贡献率分别为工业污染(18.8%)、陆地径流输入(66.0%)、生物活动等自然因素(13.6%),并且各个源头贡献量具有不同的空间分布状况,其中工业污染的高值区主要集中在靠近陆地区域,陆地径流输入的分布呈现由近岸向外海逐减降低的特征,生物活动等自然因素的高值区主要集中在远离陆地的外海区域。  相似文献   

无人机在露天矿山监测中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

白洋  康会涛  张文超  贾玉娜  郑浩 《测绘通报》2020,(9):85-88

在露天矿山开采过程中，对矿山进行实时动态监测很有必要，它不仅能够实时掌握开采进度和开采方案实施的准确性，还有利于数字矿山建设。本文以河北省保定市涞源县某露天矿区为例，利用Pix4Dmapper软件对无人机航拍影像进行数据采集与处理，获取矿区的三维点云数据、数字正射影像和数字地表模型，并利用ArcGIS和Global Mapper软件对生产成果进行矿山开发占地分析，实现露天矿山三维可视化。本文为准确掌握矿山环境治理执行情况，把握矿山开发整体情况给予了有力的参考和借鉴作用。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘黄陵地区煤铀兼探钻孔数据集成与三维地质模型构建          下载免费PDF全文

张云  张天福  孙立新  程银行  张祺  王少轶  程先钰  周小希 《中国地质》2020,47(S1):231-240

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘黄陵地区铀成矿前景良好。中国地质调查局在该地区组织实施了含铀岩系三维地质调查工作，以寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿靶区为目标，采用“煤铀兼探”、“油铀兼探”的新思路，对煤田钻孔资料进行“二次开发利用”，开展勘查选区研究，完成了354口煤田钻孔（其中筛选出潜在砂岩型铀矿（化）孔49口）和21口铀矿验证钻孔（其中工业矿（化）孔16口）的数据采集建库，在此基础上建立了专题成果图集及三维地质模型。该数据库主要由含铀岩系地层厚度等值线图、砂体厚度等值线图、顶底板埋深等值线图、含砂率等值线图、放射性异常等值线图等专题成果图集和三维地质结构模型组成，为铀矿勘探开发提供了有利支撑和服务作用。  相似文献   

中国绿洲城市土地利用/覆盖变化研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

王一航  夏沛  刘志锋  卢文路  何春阳 《干旱区地理》2019,42(2):341-353

绿洲城市是干旱区人类生产和生活的集聚中心，也是人地关系最为敏感的区域之一。了解绿洲城市土地利用/覆盖变化的研究进展对于改善区域人地关系、促进绿洲城市可持续发展具有重要意义。利用系统综述方法，对研究我国绿洲城市土地利用/覆盖变化的相关文献进行梳理，在综述已有研究进展的基础上，探讨了已有研究存在的不足并对未来研究方向进行展望。绿洲城市土地利用/覆盖变化研究的相关文献数量和被引频次均呈增长趋势。已有研究主要在局地尺度上分析了绿洲城市土地利用/覆盖变化的过程、驱动机制和生态环境效应，关于绿洲城市可持续性和基于区域尺度的相关研究较少。因此，未来应在多个尺度上开展工作，综合研究绿洲城市土地利用/覆盖变化的过程、影响和可持续性。  相似文献   

川西理塘断裂带奔戈- 村戈段古地震事件及其非均匀性活动特征     

张克旗  吴中海  周春景  田婷婷  李跃华  李家存 《地质学报》2020,94(4):1295-1303

在对青藏高原东南缘地区的理塘左旋走滑活动断裂带野外调查研究中，在其奔戈- 村戈段开挖了两个探槽LT1301和SLT1204。在对两个探槽上所揭示出的古地震事件进行详细划分的基础上，结合所获得的10个OSL年代样品和13个14C年代样品的测试年龄，对理塘断裂带北段的古地震事件发生时代进行了厘定。结果表明2个探槽共揭示出至少4次古地震事件，其中小规模的探槽LT1301仅揭示出1次古地震，可能为发生于公元1729年的历史地震，或是可能发生于距现在950a~1. 0ka之间的一次大地震，由于关键部位年代数据不足，上述两种可能性尚无法明确。较大的探槽SLT1204揭示出包含有探槽LT1301中古地震事件在内的古地震4次，最早的古地震事件I发生于9. 9ka之前，而事件II、III和IV则发生在公元1729年~4. 8kaBP之间，复发间隔为约1. 6ka。川西理塘断裂带北段的古地震研究结果表明，该断裂的大地震复发具有非线性特征，不符合特征地震模式，其中全新世晚期的大地震活动频率明显增大，表明它正处于丛集活动阶段。  相似文献   

VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光月度产品插补方法对比——以北京为例     

陈慕琳  蔡红艳 《地理科学进展》2019,38(1):126-138

新一代VIIRS/DNB(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band)夜间灯光数据因其具备更精细的时空分辨率、数据不存在饱和现象、不同年份数据可比性强等优点而迅速代替DMSP/OLS(Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System)夜间灯光数据成为新的研究热点。但由于杂散光的污染,VIIRS/DNB夏季数据数值缺失严重,致使数据在空间和时间上不连续,因此,插补缺失数据成为后续应用的前提。鉴于此,论文从插补结果异常值、与参照值对比、计算性能三个方面,系统比较了三次样条插值(样条)、三次Hermite插值(Hermite)、灰色预测模型(GM)、三次指数平滑法(指数)4种插补方法的适用性,以期为插补VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光数据提供方法选择的依据。研究结果表明：①异常值比较方面,Hermite法未出现异常值,另外3种算法仅出现少量异常值(0.02%~1.34%);②与参照值的对比方面,Hermite法与参考值接近程度最高,GM接近程度最低,样条法和指数法介于两者中间;③算法性能比较方面,4种方法都具备计算简单、容易编程的特点,但指数法的算法时长是另外3种方法的10倍以上。因此,综合多方表现,当插补月份前后两侧均有足够长的原始数据时,插补效果好、计算速度快、不会出现过冲现象的Hermite法最适宜,样条法次之;当插补月份仅单侧有足够长的数据时,适宜采用指数法(插补效果好、计算速度较慢)或GM(插补效果偏低、计算速度快)进行插补。  相似文献   

The δ60/58Ni Values of Twenty‐Six Selected Geological Reference Materials     

Weihan Li  Jian‐Ming Zhu  Decan Tan  Guilin Han  Zhouqiao Zhao  Guangliang Wu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(3):523-535

The high‐precision δ^60/58Ni values of twenty‐six geological reference materials, including igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, stream sediments, soils and plants are reported. The δ^60/58Ni values of all samples were determined by double‐spike MC‐ICP‐MS (Nu Plasma III). Isotope standard solution (NIST SRM 986) and geological reference materials (BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, JP‐1, PCC‐1, etc.) were used to evaluate the measurement bias and intermediate precision over a period of six months. Our results show that the intermediate precision of Ni isotope determination was 0.05‰ (2s, n = 69) for spiked NIST SRM 986 and typically 0.06‰ for actual samples, and the δ^60/58Ni _{NIST SRM 986} values were in excellent agreement with previous studies. Eighteen high‐precision Ni isotope ratios of geological reference materials are first reported here, and their δ^60/58Ni values varied from ?0.27‰ to 0.52‰, with a mean of 0.13 ± 0.34‰ (2s, n = 18). Additionally, SGR‐1b (0.56 ± 0.04‰, 2s), GSS‐1 (?0.27 ± 0.06‰, 2s), GSS‐7 (?0.11 ± 0.01‰, 2s), GSD‐10 (0.46 ± 0.06‰, 2s) and GSB‐12 (0.52 ± 0.06‰, 2s) could potentially serve as candidate reference materials for Ni isotope fractionation and comparison of Ni isotopic compositions among different laboratories.  相似文献   

Evaluation of aquatic ecological systems through dynamics of ichthyofaunal diversity in a Himalayan torrential river,Murti     

《Limnologica》2020

The biodiversity hotspot region of the Eastern Himalayas consists of a vast freshwater network enriched with species diversity. Many small-scale torrential rivers and water reaches contribute to the species pool of all the major rivers by converging downstream. These reaches are most likely to be degraded at a faster rate as compared to the large-scale rivers following an increased rate of urbanization, habitat alterations, and changing climatic conditions. Therefore, this study aims to explore River Murti, which is a representative small scale river system characterized by a large altitudinal gradient and a diverse watershed area. Ichthyofaunal diversity (i.e., diversity, evenness & richness) and 21 environmental variables are measured through a tri-seasonal sampling effort conducted along 14 selected locations. A total of 41 fish species (including species belonging to 4 Near Threatened, 8 Vulnerable, and 1 Endangered) are found inhabiting this river. Ichthyofaunal assemblage is found to be primarily modulated by habitat diversity and landscape variables. Three Aquatic Ecological Systems (AES) have been identified along this river in a top-down approach based on recorded environmental variables. We have calculated an observed/expected ratio for each diversity indices along 14 locations based on predicted temporal variability using boosted regression (BRT) models. The evaluation of diversity status has been kept at 0.5 to account for a 50% loss or deviation from observed (O/E50). This evaluation has been successfully used to delineate AES1 with majorly “Impaired” status and thus ensures its importance in terms of species conservation. Our study indicates the contribution of 11 major environmental drivers modulating the species assemblage patterns in these AES. Amongst them, altitude, substrate coarseness, river morphology, and shelter availability are strongly associated with species diversity as per the BRT models. These underlying factors are also correlated with “basin pressure,” suggesting that anthropogenic disturbances, as well as the changing climate, might play an important role in the gradual change in environmental conditions, which in turn could cause a shift in species assemblage structure.  相似文献   

Variations in glacier volume and snow cover and their impact on lake storage in the Paiku Co Basin,in the Central Himalayas     

Xingxing Zhang  Rui Wang  Zhijun Yao  Zhaofei Liu 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1920-1933

Glaciers and snow cover are important constituents of the surface of the Tibetan Plateau. The responses of these phenomena to global environmental changes are sensitive, rapid and intensive due to the high altitudes and arid cold climate of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on multisource remote sensing data, including Landsat images, MOD10A2 snow product, ICESat, Cryosat-2 altimetry data and long-term ground climate observations, we analysed the dynamic changes of glaciers, snow melting and lake in the Paiku Co basin using extraction methods for glaciers and lake, the degree-day model and the ice and lake volume method. The interaction among the climate, ice-snow and the hydrological elements in Paiku Co is revealed. From 2000 to 2018, the basin tended to be drier, and rainfall decreased at a rate of −3.07 mm/a. The seasonal temperature difference in the basin increased, the maximum temperature increased at a rate of 0.02°C/a and the minimum temperature decreased at a rate of −0.06°C/a, which accelerated the melting from glaciers and snow at rates of 0.55 × 10⁷ m³/a and 0.29 × 10⁷ m³/a, respectively. The rate of contribution to the lake from rainfall, snow and glacier melted water was 55.6, 27.7 and 16.7%, respectively. In the past 18 years, the warmer and drier climate has caused the lake to shrink. The water level of the lake continued to decline at a rate of −0.02 m/a, and the lake water volume decreased by 4.85 × 10⁸ m³ at a rate of −0.27 × 10⁸ m³/a from 2000 to 2018. This evaluation is important for understanding how the snow and ice melting in the central Himalayas affect the regional water cycle.  相似文献   

FY-3D/MERSI-II全球火点监测产品及其应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑伟  陈洁  闫华  刘诚  唐世浩 《遥感学报》2020,24(5):521-530

FY-3D/MERSI-II全球火点监测产品主要包括全球范围内的火点位置、亚像元火点面积和火点强度等信息,可用于实时监测全球范围的森林草原火灾、秸秆焚烧等生物质燃烧状况。火点判识算法主要根据中红外通道对高温热源的敏感特性,即含有火点的中红外通道像元辐亮度和亮温较远红外通道的辐亮度和亮温偏高,同时较周边非火点的中红外像元偏高,建立合适的阈值可探测含有火点的像元。亚像元火点面积估算主要使用中红外单通道估算,根据亚像元火点面积估算结果对火点强度进行分级,不同的级别表示不同程度的火点辐射强度。基于全球火点自动判识结果,每日生成0.01°分辨率的卫星遥感日全球火点产品,每月生产0.25°×0.25°格点的全球月火点密度图。在利用FY-3D/MERSI-II火点产品开展的全球火点监测应用中,对多起全球重大野火事件进行了监测,为防灾减灾、全球气候变化研究、生态环境保护等方面提供卫星遥感信息支持。  相似文献