长牡蛎F3 代快速生长选育群体生长特性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孔宁  李琪  丛日浩  王庆志  孔令锋 《海洋科学》2015,39(3):7-11

采用模型拟合方法研究了长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)F3代快速生长选育群体不同时期各生长性状的发育规律。结果表明,长牡蛎幼虫期壳高(SH)、壳长(SL)对日龄(t)的回归遵循Logistic模型,生长方程分别为SH=455.612/(1+9.500e-0.142t),R2=0.999;SL=462.476/(1+8.026e-0.108t),R2=0.996。幼虫期壳高与壳长成直线相关,回归方程为SL=0.76SH+18.82,R2=0.994。长牡蛎养成期各生长性状呈现明显的季节变化,壳高(SH)、壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)和总质量(TW)对月龄(X)的多项式回归方程分别为SH=-0.0297X4+1.0365X3-12.0220X2+57.6500X-68.9260,R2=0.985;SL=-0.0173X4+0.5893X3-6.5702X2+30.2420X-34.4150,R2=0.986;SW=-0.0068X4+0.2620X3-3.2806X2+16.9170X-22.1410,R2=0.956;TW=-0.0219X4+0.8234X3-10.1680X2+50.7040X-85.4110,R2=0.972。壳高、壳长、壳宽与总质量均呈幂函数相关,回归方程分别为SH=23.645TW0.3213,R2=0.998;SL=12.337TW0.3776,R2=0.995;SW=6.611TW0.3589,R2=0.981。  相似文献   

不同盐度对施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫存活与生长的影响     

刘超  彭张明  黄佳  刘志刚 《海洋科学》2015,39(12):65-69

为提高施氏獭蛤(Lutraria sieboldii)育苗成活率,作者采用单因子实验设计,研究了不同海水盐度对北部湾海域施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫存活与生长的影响。结果表明,施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫的临界存活盐度为22.84~33.12、适宜存活盐度为24.54~31.54、较适宜存活盐度为25.83~30.17、最适宜存活盐度为26.8~29.4;临界生长盐度为~35.67、适宜生长盐度为22.51~31.66、较适宜生长盐度为27.51~31.37、最适宜生长盐度为29.4;综合盐度对存活率和生长率的影响,施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫最佳的培育盐度为29.4。研究结果为施氏獭蛤育苗场的选址及人工育苗提供了参考。  相似文献   

桑沟湾长牡蛎生物沉积物对环境底质影响的同位素证据     

任黎华  张继红  牛亚丽  张义涛  李加琦  张明亮 《海洋科学》2015,39(11):79-85

贝类通过生物沉积作用加速了养殖海区水体中的颗粒物质向海底的输送。在桑沟湾中筏式养殖的长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas),将大量的有机物以生物沉积物(真粪和假粪)的形式排向养殖区海底。为完成对桑沟湾筏式养殖长牡蛎生物沉积物对环境底质影响的量化研究,作者通过在桑沟湾内不同的海区设置采样点(5个养殖区,3个对照点),对采样点SG 2与SG 6两个点的长牡蛎生物性沉积物与海区悬浮颗粒物进行了稳定同位测定及有机物来源分析。实验结果表明:选取的采样点沉积物稳定碳氮同位素丰度集中于δ~(13)C–22.82‰~–21.62‰,δ~(15)N 4.73‰~6.21‰。在SG 2点的悬浮颗粒物中,长牡蛎生物性沉积物贡献有机物占9.95%,对照区沉积物与SG 2区沉积物贡献分别为54.19%和35.86%。在典型的采样点,稳定同位素法能较准确地量化出各有机物来源的贡献比例。以SG C点为对照,其余7个采样点长牡蛎生物性沉积物有机物贡献在4.06%~28.64%,平均贡献率为13.96%±8.62%,牡蛎养殖已经对桑沟湾底质造成了一定的影响。  相似文献   

利用不同盐度诱导长牡蛎三倍体的研究     

于瑞海  王昭萍  孔静  沈建平  左仔荣 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,45(1):26-29,82

采用低盐度(4、6、8、10、12、14、16)和高盐度(40、45、50、55、60、65、70)在40%~50%受精卵出现第一极体时处理10和15min,进行长牡蛎三倍体的诱导。在低盐度诱导三倍体实验中,随着盐度降低,D型幼虫孵化率逐渐降低,处理10和15min的卵裂率差异显著(P0.05),孵化率差异不显著(P0.05)。当盐度为8时,处理受精卵10与15min,三倍体诱导率最高分别可达84.4%和91.0%,两处理组三倍体诱导率差异显著(P0.05)。在高盐度诱导三倍体实验中,随着盐度升高,D型幼虫孵化率逐渐降低,处理10和15min的卵裂率和孵化率均差异显著(P0.05)。当盐度为55时,处理受精卵10min,三倍体诱导率最高为80.3%;当盐度为60时,处理受精卵15min,三倍体诱导率最高为97.1%,两处理组三倍体诱导率差异显著(P0.05)。研究发现,在盐度为8和60条件下,40%~50%的受精卵出现第一极体时,处理15min,长牡蛎三倍体诱导率最高。  相似文献   

香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)新型凝集素ChPerlucin的基因克隆与功能研究     

赵泽慧  张爱娇  杨雨澄  毛帆  肖述  李军  张扬  向志明  喻子牛 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(1):42-51

C-型凝集素(C-type lectin)是一类能识别并结合多糖的免疫蛋白质超家族, 本文首次克隆了一种新型香港牡蛎C-型凝集素基因——甘露聚糖结合凝集素, 并获得了该基因的全长序列, 命名为ChPerlucin。结果显示, ChPerlucin基因cDNA全长577bp, 包括21bp的5′末端非翻译区(untranslated region, UTR)、73bp的 3′UTR, 以及483bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF), 编码160个氨基酸, ChPerlucin蛋白理论分子量为18kD, 等电点为5.95。ChPerlucin蛋白含有保守的C-型凝集素样结构域(C-type lectin or carbohydrate-recognition domain, CLECT); 邻接法(Neighbor-Joining, NJ)进化树分析表明, ChPerlucin与其他贝类的Perlucin聚为一支, 说明该基因是软体动物Perlucin家族的新成员。qRT-PCR结果显示, ChPerlucin在香港牡蛎所检测组织和各个胚胎发育时期中均有表达; 病原菌刺激后, ChPerlucin表达量显著升高; 利用毕赤酵母真核成功表达了ChPerlucin重组蛋白, 发现ChPerlucin重组蛋白具有抑菌效果。以上结果表明ChPerlucin在香港牡蛎的先天性免疫过程中发挥了重要的作用。  相似文献   

长牡蛎繁殖期糖原含量与类胰岛素基因表达的相关性分析     

苗校静  邓少熙  李良恒  许飞 《海洋科学》2022,46(10):1-12

为探究长牡蛎在繁殖期间的糖原含量与类胰岛素基因(cgMIP123、cgMIP4、cgMILP7、cgILP)和相关转录调控因子(cgPdx)相对表达量的相关性,自2020年5月至2020年10月采集了山东胶南养殖海区的长牡蛎,测定了血糖含量、糖原含量、条件指数、类胰岛素基因相对表达量及环境因子(酸度、温度、盐度)等数据,采用多元统计方法对数据进行分析。logistic回归分析结果显示,长牡蛎配子排放前后血糖含量和内脏团糖原含量具有显著差异。构建的回归模型可以通过血糖含量和内脏团糖原含量准确判断配子是否已经排放,区分度C-index为0.903,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验χ²值为9.06,P>0.05,验证结果显示该模型可靠。多元线性回归分析结果显示:条件指数与cgMIP123和cgMIP4基因的相对表达量具有相关性,R²为0.91,P值为0.0076,极显著相关;内脏团和唇瓣组织的糖原含量与ILPs和cgPdx相对表达量具有一定的相关性,其中cgMILP7的相对表达量与内脏团和唇瓣组织的糖原含量呈负相关,cgPdx相对表达量与唇瓣组织的糖原含量呈负相关,cgMIP4和cgILP的相对表达量与糖原含量呈正相关。  相似文献   

Effects of an artificial oyster shell reef on macrobenthic communities in Rongcheng Bay,East China     

徐勤增  张立斌  张涛  周毅  夏苏东  刘辉  杨红生 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(1):99-110

An artificial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a （Chl a）, total organic matter （TOM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and total nitrogen （TN） content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed significantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not significantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was significantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass ofpolychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ significantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance （PERMANOVA） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses （ANOSIM） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artificial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artificial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.  相似文献   

The potential of ocean acidification on suppressing larval development in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and blood cockle Arca inflata Reeve     

李加琦  蒋增杰  张继红  毛玉泽  卞大鹏  方建光 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(6):1307-1313

We evaluated the effect of pH on larval development in larval Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas） and blood cockle （Arca inflata Reeve）. The larvae were reared at pH 8.2 （control）, 7.9, 7.6, or 7.3 beginning 30 min or 24 h post fertilization. Exposure to lower pH during early embryonic development inhibited larval shell formation in both species. Compared with the control, larvae took longer to reach the D-veliger stage when reared under pH 7.6 and 7.3. Exposure to lower pH immediately after fertilization resulted in significantly delayed shell formation in the Pacific oyster larvae at pH 7.3 and blood cockle larvae at pH 7.6 and 7.3. However, when exposure was delayed until 24 h post fertilization, shell formation was only inhibited in blood cockle larvae reared at pH 7.3. Thus, the early embryonic stages were more sensitive to acidified conditions. Our results suggest that ocean acidification will have an adverse effect on embryonic development in bivalves. Although the effects appear subtle, they may accumulate and lead to subsequent issues during later larval development.  相似文献   

牡蛎的遗传育种研究进展     

薛明  杜晓东 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(1):78-84

牡蛎肉味鲜美，营养丰富，是世界重要海水贝类养殖对象之一。随着各种生物技术在水产领域的广泛应用，牡蛎的遗传育种工作也备受重视，尤其自Stanley首次人工诱导美洲牡蛎(Crassostrea virginica)三倍体成功以来，大大加快了对牡蛎的遗传学背景和育种进程的研究步  相似文献   

广东沿海牡蛎体的麻痹性毒素与评价   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

杨美兰  林燕棠 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,19(3):38-42

根据１９９０～１９９７年间广东沿海１７年采样点的牡蛎体的麻痹性素检测数据，阐述了广东沿海三个岸段牡蛎体中的麻痹性毒素的含量水平、地理分布、季节差异以及麻痹性毒素在牡蛎体中的分布。为我国沿海麻痹性贝类毒素中毒事件的防治提供基础数据。  相似文献