Numerical model for solving Bousiinesq-type equations: comparison and validation     

Zou Shili  Xu Benhe 《海洋学报(英文版)》1998,17(3):375-386

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Trends in particulate matter and its chemical compositions in China from 2013–2017     

Wang  Yuesi  Li  Wenjie  Gao  Wenkang  Liu  Zirui  Tian  Shili  Shen  Rongrong  Ji  Dongsheng  Wang  Shuai  Wang  Lili  Tang  Guiqian  Song  Tao  Cheng  Mengtian  Wang  Gehui  Gong  Zhengyu  Hao  Jiming  Zhang  Yuanhang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(12):1857-1871

Accurate determination of the atmospheric particulate matter mass concentration and chemical composition is helpful in exploring the causes and sources of atmospheric enthalpy pollution and in evaluating the rationality of environmental air quality control strategies.Based on the sampling and chemical composition data of PM_(2.5) in different key regions of China in the CARE-China observation network,this research analyzes the environmental air quality data released by the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre during the studied period to determine the changes in the particulate matter mass concentration in key regions and the evolution of the corresponding chemical compositions during the implementation of the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution from 2013-2017.The results show the following.(1) The particulate matter mass concentration in China showed a significant downward trend;however,the PM_(2.5) annual mass concentration in 64% of cities exceeds the New Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard(CAAQS) Grade Ⅱ(GB3095-2012).The region to the east of the Taihang Mountains,the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain and the Urumqi-Changji regions in Xinjiang,all have PM_(2.5) concentration loading that is still high,and heavy haze pollution occurred frequently in the autumn and winter.(2) During the heavy pollution in the autumn and winter,the concentrations of sulfate and organic components decreased significantly.The mean SO_4~(2-) concentration in PM_(2.5) decreased by 76%,12%,81% and 38% in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),the Pearl River Delta(PRD),the Sichuan-Chongqing region(SC) and the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The mean organic matter(OM) concentration decreased by 70%,44%,48% and 31%,respectively,and the mean concentration of NH_4~+ decreased by 68%,1.6%,38% and 25%,respectively.The mean elemental carbon(EC) concentration decreased by 84% and 20% in BTH and SC,respectively,and it increased by 61% and 11% in the PRD and Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The mean concentration of mineral and unresolved chemical components(MI) dropped by 70%,24% and 13% in BTH,the PRD and the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The change in the PM_(2.5) chemical composition is consistent with the decrease of the PM_(2.5)mass concentration.(3) In 2015,the mean OM concentration contributions to fine particles and coarse particles were 13-46%and 46-57%,respectively,and the mean MI concentration contributions to fine particles and coarse and particles were 31-60%and 39-73%,respectively;these values are lower than the 2013 values from the key regions,which is the most important factor behind the decrease of the particulate matter mass concentration.From 2013 to 2015,among the chemical components of different particle size fractions,the peak value of the coarse particle size fraction decreased significantly,and the fine particle size fractions of SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,and NH_4~+ decreased with the decrease of the particulate matter mass concentration in different particle size fractions.The fine-particle size peaks of SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-and NH_4~+ shifted from 0.65-1.1μm to the finer size range of0.43-0.65 μm during the same time frame.  相似文献   

基于水稻生长模型的气象影响评价和产量动态预测   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

帅细强  王石立  马玉平  李迎春 《应用气象学报》2008,19(1):71-81

在对国际先进的水稻生长模型ORYZA2000进行模型调试、验证, 实现本地化的基础上, 以双季稻发育速率参数为主, 结合地形、气候、水稻熟性分布和当地生产实际, 将江南双季稻区按发育参数划分为7个区域, 实现了ORYZA2000模式在我国江南双季稻地区的区域应用。利用该模型进行了不同年份气象条件影响定量评估的应用试验, 评价结果与实际符合, 定量客观。探讨了利用机理性作物生长模式动态预测产量的方法。通过建立不同发育期的水稻模拟生物量与相对气象产量的相关统计模型, 结合趋势产量预测, 实现了地区级双季稻不同发育期的产量动态预测。外推检验结果表明, 各地早晚稻不同发育期的产量动态预测模型平均误差为4.8%~6.1%, 可初步用于业务。  相似文献   

Rock mass damage induced by rockbursts occurring on tunnel floors: a case study of two tunnels at the Jinping II Hydropower Station     

Chuanqing Zhang  Xia-Ting Feng  Hui Zhou  Shili Qiu  Yanshuang Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):441-450

Rockbursts occurring on tunnel floors are a special form of failure encountered in tunnel projects, where the failure is characterized by uplift, fracturing, and severe shocks of the tunnel floor. Extremely intense rockbursts were encountered during the excavation of the headrace tunnels 2 and 4 at the Jinping II Hydropower Station. In this study, results of comprehensive analysis conducted using the combination of numerical methods, experiments, and onsite survey to analyze the occurrence and development process of the rockburst are presented. In addition, the degree and extension range of the surrounding rock mass damage were estimated using the failure approaching index and the local energy release rate. The results of the analysis presented in this study are expected to advance the existing knowledge of special rockburst forms and may also serve as a reference for the design of resistant measures for other similar rockbursts.  相似文献   

基于地形的海底热液区沉积物分布趋势预测方法研究     

潘东雷  陶春辉  廖时理  邓显明  张国堙 《海洋学报》2021,43(3):157-164

热液区沉积物接受了大量热液物质的输入,其矿物组成及地球化学空间分布特征是多金属硫化物勘探的有效指标。由于重力作用,洋中脊区域沉积物主要分布于低洼和平坦地形区。为了探索地形因素对热液区沉积物分布的影响规律,本文通过ArcGIS提出了一种基于地形数据的海底热液区沉积物分布趋势预测方法,并对西南印度洋中脊龙角区地形数据进行了分析,包括沉积物重力搬运方向提取、沉积物汇集量估算、海底沟谷提取和沉积物源区划分。通过与研究区底质解译结果进行对比验证发现,预测结果与研究区内沉积物的实际分布范围较为吻合,表明本方法在一定程度上可以有效地指示地形影响下海底热液区沉积物的分布情况。本方法对海底硫化物矿产勘探工作具有一定指导意义,可为海底沉积物取样站位设置与海底硫化物成矿远景区圈定提供参考依据。  相似文献   

中国农业气象灾害监测预警系统建设     

马玉平  王石立 《中国气象科学研究院年报》2007,(1):21-22

中国气象局多轨道业务建设项目"中国农业气象灾害监测预警系统建设"2007年取得了可喜成果.其中,"基于作物生长模拟模型的作物产量动态预报业务技术应用研究"对东北玉米、华北冬小麦和江南双季稻生长模拟模式及参数区域化技术进行了改进,完善了各类作物产量动态预测方法,初步建立了产量预测模型,探讨了该模型与当前业务系统连接过程中实时资料获取渠道及替代解决方案,最终研制完成了省级业务应用系统版本."东北玉米低温冷害监测研究"在前人单一监测和评估指标  相似文献   

The Effect of Air Bubbles and Headspace on the Aqueous Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds in Sampling Vials     

Farhad Nadim  Shili Liu  Ph.D.  George E. Hoag  Ph.D. 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2001,21(1):89-96

The presence of headspace and air bubbles in volatile organic analysis sampling vials lowers the actual aqueous concentration of these compounds due to the partitioning of solutes into the gaseous phase. This could make the sample invalid for analysis.
In this work, the effects of air bubbles and headspace on the aqueous concentration of 60 volatile organic compounds listed in U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Method 8260 were evaluated experimentally and theoretically. The results showed that for air to water ratios of 1 to 20 and less, there was no significant effect on the aqueous concentrations of target organic solutes in the sampling vials. When the air to water ratio was increased to 1 to 10, the recovery rates of four organic compounds were lower than the control. Laboratory experiments on sampling vials showed that the presence of air bubbles or headspace with the volumetric air to water ratios of 1 to 20 and less do not produce any significant effect on the original concentrations for most targeted volatile organic compounds.
The experimental results also indicated that in 40 mL sampling vials with headspace range of 2 to 8 mL, the recovery rates of most volatile organic compounds with high values of Henry's law constant (> 0.01 Atm m³/mol. at 25°C) were larger than the calculated rates.  相似文献   

东北地区逐日气象要素的空间插值方法应用研究   总被引：51，自引：9，他引：51       下载免费PDF全文

庄立伟  王石立 《应用气象学报》2003,14(5):605-615

针对作物生长动力模型区域应用时对高精度格点逐日气象要素输入值的需要，以东北地区为例，选用克立格法 (Kriging)、以经纬度分布方向为权重的距离权重反比法（IDW）及带高度梯度订正的距离权重反比法（GIDW）3种插值方法进行有限气象站点4~10月逐日气象要素空间插值方法研究，并进行插值的统计量分析和估值的交叉验证。结果表明，对温度而言，GIDW方法估值精度较高，插值结果的平滑程度适中，插值结果分布趋势也较为接近实际站点的分布。对降水而言，IDW估值精度高于Kriging, 而且插值结果的平滑程度较小，更适合于日降水量的空间插值。GIDW、IDW估值精度较高的原因是研究中考虑到日最高温度、最低温度和降水量的经向、纬向梯度、海拔高度梯度存在明显的季节性变化，采用了根据气象要素经纬度方向确定权重，以及根据气象要素高度梯度年内变化进行高度订正的结果。  相似文献   

基于东北玉米区域动力模型的低温冷害预报应用研究   总被引：35，自引：7，他引：35       下载免费PDF全文

刘布春  王石立  庄立伟  卢志光  史学丽  宋永佳 《应用气象学报》2003,14(5):616-625

在田间试验资料基础上，采用改进的发育模型和分区作物参数，结合前人有关研究成果建立了东北玉米区域动力模型，并利用模型模拟了12站40年 (1961~2000年) 玉米生长发育过程。确定抽雄期延迟天数为低温冷害指标，分析了历史低温冷害年及减产情况。模拟了典型冷害年和40年气候平均的0.25°×0.25°网格点玉米生长发育过程, 探讨了与区域气候模式结合进行低温冷害预报的方法。主要结论有:①玉米发育模型能够较好地模拟玉米发育期和发育期对低温冷害的响应，以抽雄期延迟天数为冷害指标评估的历史冷害发生状况基本符合历史实况。②模型有一定的模拟玉米生长量对低温冷害响应的能力，但还需要更多的试验数据校正品种参数，完善模型。③利用GIS技术，结合区域化的作物参数运行区域作物模型，是作物模型区域化应用的一种解决方案。④东北玉米区域动力模型解释性好，根据确定的害指标，以区域气候模式输出结果驱动玉米模型可以模拟和预测低温冷害，是农业气象灾害预测预报的一个有益的尝试。  相似文献   

The source of heavy metals and its indication to the sediment transfer in the Hangzhou Bay     

Liao Xiangui  Zhang Xiangjun  Ying Shili  Wei Linying  Zhu Linfan 《海洋学报(英文版)》1993,12(1):107-114

-Suspended matters are important carriers of heavy metals in the hydrocycle.In this paper, the field investigation , lab. experiment and "corresponding analysis" were made to study sources of the heavy metals and the transfer of suspended matters from the Hangzhou Bay.This conclusion shows that the contents of heavy metals in this area are the natural background values ; the distributions of heavy metals are controlled by the plume front.  相似文献