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61.
铁（氢）氧化物悬液中磷酸盐的吸附-解吸特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
铁（氢）氧化物对P的吸持和释放在一定程度上决定着P的生物有效性和水体富营养化。以两种环境中常见晶质铁氧化物（针铁矿和赤铁矿）为对照,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）和孔径分析以及动力学和吸附-解吸热力学平衡等技术方法,研究了弱晶质水铁矿对P吸附-解吸特性,并探讨了相关机制。实验表明,三种矿物对P的吸附分为起始的快速反应和随后的慢速反应,它们均符合准一级动力学过程,反应中OH释放明显滞后于P吸附,P吸附经历了从外围到内囤配位、单齿到多齿配位过渡的过程,与晶质氧化铁比,水铁矿吸附容量和OH释放量更大、慢速吸附反应更快、存在缓慢扩散反应阶段,吸附容量依次是：水铁矿（436μmol／m^2）〉针铁矿（262μmol／m^2）〉赤铁矿（228μmol／m^2）,针铁矿和赤铁矿吸附P符合L（Langmuir）模型,而水铁矿更符合F（Fremldlictl）模型。中性盐介质（KCl）中在最大吸附量时P的解吸率依次为：水铁矿（85％）〈针铁矿（10％）〈赤铁矿（125％）,柠檬酸通过配体解吸和诱导溶解两种机制促进P的解吸,最大吸附量时解吸率依次是：针铁矿（25％）〈水铁矿（32％）〈赤铁矿（50％）。 相似文献
62.
Redox and nonredox reactions of magnetite and hematite in rocks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Redox and nonredox reactions causing pseudomorphic replacement of hematite by magnetite and magnetite by hematite are compared.Pseudomorphic replacements resulting from redox reactions are known as martitization [replacement of magnetite by hematite due to oxidation; reaction (1)] and mushketovitization [replacement of hematite by magnetite due to reduction; reaction (2)]. These two replacements cause characteristic ore textures and volume changes (reaction (1): increase of 1.66%; reaction (2): decrease of 1.64%). These small volume changes are the reason that martitization and mushketovitization are widespread in many rocks under condition, however, that oxidizing or reducing fluids (solutions) are present.The same initial and end products may also be involved in nonredox reactions. Reaction (3) is the replacement of hematite by magnetite due to simple addition of Fe2+ atoms under basic conditions. This reaction causes an increase of the volume of 47.6%. Reaction (4), causing a volume decrease of 32.2%, is the replacement of magnetite by hematite due to leaching of Fe2+ atoms under acidic conditions. From these volume changes it is concluded that reaction (4) may occur in many rock types, whereas reaction (3) is restricted to unlithified sediments only. However, ore textures caused by nonredox reactions are unknown and therefore their occurrence in rocks is hypothetical. 相似文献
63.
Olivine is used as an additive in Luossavaara–Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) blast furnace pellets. The LKAB iron ore is magnetite which oxidizes to hematite during the sintering process. Olivine retards the oxidation of magnetite pellets if the threshold temperature of magnesioferrite formation is exceeded.In this study, we have developed a thermogravimetric measuring method to study the relationship between the olivine reactivity in green pellets and the olivine fineness. A less reactive olivine makes the pelletizing process more tolerant of excessively high temperatures in the green pellets during oxidation.The reactivity of olivine decreases when the amount of fine tail in olivine is decreased. The top size is limited by balling. Grinding tests in pilot scale show that if the olivine additive is ground in closed circuit with a ball mill keeping good control over the top size, the olivine fineness can be appreciably decreased without disturbing balling. The olivine reactivity can be decreased by 40% compared to the reference olivine in the production plant. Also, savings can be made on both the grinding energy and grinding media consumption. The results in both pilot scale and full production scale show that better oxidation in the grate due to a coarser olivine additive improves the low temperature reduction strength (LTD, ISO 13930) in pellets.The measuring method developed for the olivine reactivity enabled evaluation of different particle-sizing methods for olivine characterisation. The screening size fraction %−45 μm showed a good correlation to olivine reactivity in green pellets within a very large measuring range. The correlation of laser diffraction analysis to the olivine reactivity showed, however, that the laser diffraction measuring method is affected too much by variations in the large particles. 相似文献
64.
石英质玉石是由隐晶质-微显晶质石英矿物集合体组成的一种玉石,黄色和红色是石英质玉石最主要的颜色种类,近年来在珠宝市场上备受关注。前人研究结果表明,黄色石英质玉石的致色矿物颗粒非常细小,赋存于石英颗粒之间,通过一般的测试方法很难准确鉴定其种属。本文对云南龙陵、安徽霍山、广西贺州3个产地的石英质玉石进行了显微镜观察、拉曼光谱和紫外可见光吸收光谱测试,通过紫外可见光吸收光谱的一阶导数图谱,对石英质玉石的黄色和红色部位进行了研究。结果表明,黄色石英质玉石紫外可见光吸收光谱一阶导数图谱的特征峰有545~535 nm和435 nm,主要由针铁矿致色;红色石英质玉石紫外可见光吸收光谱一阶导数图谱的特征峰介于555~595nm之间,主要由赤铁矿致色;黄色和红色之间的过渡色可同时出现595~555 nm、545~535 nm和435 nm特征峰,主要由针铁矿和赤铁矿共同致色。 相似文献
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66.
本文首先详细研究了含Mn2 和Fe3 的致色矿物菱锰矿、鲕状赤铁矿、云母赤铁矿和镜铁矿的可见光吸收光谱及其一阶导数谱,鲕状赤铁矿、云母赤铁矿和镜铁矿的可见光吸收一阶导数谱的红光区的吸收谷的位置的变化表明随赤铁矿结晶度的降低,吸收谷由586.4nm移至577.4nm,而菱锰矿展示出了Mn2 的因电子跃迁产生的四个典型吸收及其一阶导数谱上577nm的吸收谷的强度比赤铁矿相应谷的强度低一个数量级,表明其电子跃迁的致色机理与赤铁矿的染色机理完全不同。依据赤铁矿的结晶度和鲕状赤铁矿与大洋红层中赤铁矿的沉积成因相似的原则遴选出鲕状赤铁矿为含Fe3 致色矿物,依据菱锰矿是和方解石具有相似结构且为红色的原则选取菱锰矿为含锰致色矿物,并佐以化学纯氧化镁为基体配制了一系列的含菱锰矿、鲕状赤铁矿和菱锰矿及鲕状赤铁矿的两相或三相混合物。详细研究了三类混合物的可见光吸收光谱的一阶导数谱,发现含菱锰矿和含鲕状赤铁矿在573nm附近均存在一吸收谷,鲕状赤铁矿的重量分数低至0.05%时仍可见一明显吸收谷且该吸收谷移至565nm附近,菱锰矿在低至0.50%时也可见这一吸收且在低至0.11%时仍可显示出菱锰矿的信息,其575nm的吸收峰未见偏移;混合物可见光一阶导数吸收谱上鲕状赤铁矿的575nm附近的吸收谷的强度随鲕状赤铁矿的重量分数的升高而增强,而所有的配制混合物中该吸收谷的位置低于577.4nm的事实也表明为使致色矿物和氧化镁混合均匀的研磨降低了赤铁矿的结晶度。本研究表明Mn2 的电子跃迁激发和细小、结晶差的赤铁矿的染色共同造就了意大利白垩纪远洋红色灰岩的红色。 相似文献
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68.
对采自我国南方燕山期五里亭花岗岩体中的褐帘石,经偏光显徽镜、电子探针仪、差热仪、X射线等方法进行分析得出,该矿物为变生褐帘石。加热800℃,850℃,950℃,970℃,1100℃退火系列样品的X射线粉晶数据分析得出:1.变生褐帘石X射线粉晶分析的最宜加热温度为800-850℃;2.加热至970℃的退火样品,褐帘石已分解为方铈石、赤铁矿、钙长石,加热到1100℃,褐帘石已渐消失,方铈石、钙长石和赤铁矿成为主要矿物相。 相似文献
69.
河南省铁山庙式铁矿床的形成过程与"二铁"矿床氧化作用特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
河南省铁山庙式铁矿床为沉积变质矿床,总储量达数亿t,矿石类型为磁铁矿、赤铁矿型。为了研究矿床氧化带的分布规律,指导采矿、选矿工作的顺利开展,对“二铁”矿床进行了现场踏勘、取样测试,结合有关资料比较系统地研究了河南省铁山庙式铁矿床氧化带的分布,以及对采选工作的影响,探讨了铁矿的形成过程和不同地质时期的氧化作用。结果表明,氧化矿硬度变低、密度变小、易于开采;氧化带东厚西薄、东深西浅;氧化矿与原生矿呈上下交叉、水平交叉出现;氧化带的分布与现代地形无关,仅与古地形有关。 相似文献
70.
桂林"鸡血红碧玉"是一种石英质玉石,颜色以鲜艳的红色与黑色为主,质地坚硬且耐磨。目前对该矿石的野外产状、地质背景、岩石结构和颜色成因等相关研究报道较少。野外勘察表明,桂林"鸡血红碧玉"矿床位于扬子板块与华夏板块交界处,产于广西北部龙胜地区新元古界丹洲群三门街组经含铁氧化物浸染的汽水热液浅变质砂岩中,其形成过程受到了新元古代-三叠纪数次大地构造与岩浆活动的影响,成因复杂。本文利用偏光显微镜和X射线衍射分析等手段,对桂林"鸡血红碧玉"的成分进行了深入研究,结果表明桂林"鸡血红碧玉"主要矿物组合为石英和赤铁矿,部分样品中含有白云石。石英呈现他形等粒结构和自形变斑晶结构;自形石英颗粒中可见加大边,指示后期经历过变质交代作用。赤铁矿在样品中呈现3种形式产出:1呈单晶形式产于石英颗粒的粒间与晶内;2呈点尘状包裹于石英颗粒中;3呈浸染状分布于石英颗粒间隙。赤铁矿中铁离子为红色致色原因。电子探针分析显示,浸染状和单晶赤铁矿中铁含量高达78.9%~85.6%;点尘状赤铁矿由于颗粒细小,难以精确分析其铁含量。结合石英和赤铁矿发育期次,认为"鸡血红碧玉"中不同形态的石英和赤铁矿的产出与区域地质演化背景相一致。 相似文献