2000-2014年西藏雅鲁藏布江流域积雪时空变化分析及对气候的响应研究   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  

刘金平  张万昌  邓财  聂宁 《冰川冻土》2018,40(4):643-654

利用2000-2014年MODIS逐日无云积雪产品对雅鲁藏布江流域积雪特征的空间分布及变化、积雪随高程变化的规律进行了分析,并采用被动微波数据SMMR （1979-1987年）和SSM/I （1988-2008年）以及中国地面降水和气温0.5°×0.5°日值格点数据集,研究了雅鲁藏布江流域关键积雪参数对气候要素的响应等。结果表明：流域下游积雪日较大且变化剧烈;流域整体上呈显著减少的趋势;积雪日随高程的上升而增加;流域内降水呈不显著的增加趋势,而气温呈显著的增加趋势,最高气温对积雪变化影响最大;气温对积雪终日的影响明显高于积雪初日;在积雪消融期降水的增多促进了积雪的消融。  相似文献   

矢量大数据管理关键技术研究     

姚晓闯 《测绘学报》2018,47(3):423-423

正在大数据时代,数据已成为国家基础性战略资源的重要组成部分。随着空间信息技术的飞速发展,空间数据的采集手段日趋多元化,地理信息技术在各行各业当中的应用也更加广泛和深入,由此也促使GIS大数据时代的到来。大数据是一把"双刃剑",高精度、广覆盖的矢量数据爆炸式地增长,在提升国家级宏观科学决策、社会  相似文献   

北斗高精度长弧历书模型设计     

常志巧  胡小工  陈刘成  李晓杰  祖安然  唐成盼  黄华 《测绘学报》2018,47(3):298-307

历书参数可同时用于辅助常规导航和自主导航的信号捕获。延长历书参数的有效期不但可以使地面接收机启动时充分利用历书数据,对于基于星间链路观测的自主导航,历书参数的有效期还决定了地面注入历书的频度和占用的星上存储资源。通过对北斗3类导航卫星主要摄动力及其对轨道根数的长期项和长周期项的影响分析,设计了以6个轨道根数和5个摄动参数为播发参数的历书拟合模型。以一个自主运行周期90 d为时间尺度,对北斗在轨卫星进行了长弧段历书拟合试验,并同时分析了卫星位置和速度的拟合精度。结果表明新的历书拟合模型提高了历书拟合的精度,尤其对于地球静止轨道和倾斜地球同步轨道卫星,拟合精度提高显著。对于GEO和IGSO卫星,位置拟合误差大约从200 km降低至十几千米甚至几千米,速度拟合误差大约从15 m/s降低至0.6 m/s,新方法拟合精度提高了约20~30倍;对于中圆地球轨道卫星,无论采用哪种历书模型,位置拟合误差都在5 km左右,速度拟合误差都在0.6 m/s左右,新方法拟合精度提高约15%。针对星间链路卫星10 km位置误差上限的使用需求,对比了新老历书模型的拟合弧长,常规模型最大拟合弧长约为14 d,而新历书模型的最大拟合弧长可延长至45 d,新历书模型延长了历书使用期限,优化了北斗历书模型设计。  相似文献   

卫星导航信号捕获的一种高效相关算法          下载免费PDF全文

戴志春  刘文祥  封欣  孙广富 《全球定位系统》2018,43(6):33-36

信号捕获的相关层实现在整个接收机的硬件资源中占据了重要的比重.为了能够降低量化损耗和减少相关层所需的硬件资源,论文提出了一种高效的相关算法.相比传统实现方法,论文所提算法能够将加法树所需硬件资源降低1／2,同时量化损耗减少约0.3 dB.该算法对卫星导航接收机的低成本和低功耗实现具有重要的参考价值.   相似文献   

Rice crop phenology mapping at high spatial and temporal resolution using downscaled MODIS time-series     

Alex O. Onojeghuo  George A. Blackburn  Qunming Wang  Peter M. Atkinson  Daniel Kindred  Yuxin Miao 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(5):659-677

Satellite data holds considerable potential as a source of information on rice crop growth which can be used to inform agronomy. However, given the typical field sizes in many rice-growing countries such as China, data from coarse spatial resolution satellite systems such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are inadequate for resolving crop growth variability at the field scale. Nevertheless, systems such as MODIS do provide images with sufficient frequency to be able to capture the detail of rice crop growth trajectories throughout a growing season. In order to generate high spatial and temporal resolution data suitable for mapping rice crop phenology, this study fused MODIS data with lower frequency, higher spatial resolution Landsat data. An overall workflow was developed which began with image preprocessing, calculation of multi-temporal normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images, and spatiotemporal fusion of data from the two sensors. The Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model was used to effectively downscale the MODIS data to deliver a time-series of 30 m spatial resolution NDVI data at 8-day intervals throughout the rice-growing season. Zonal statistical analysis was used to extract NDVI time-series for individual fields and signal filtering was applied to the time-series to generate rice phenology curves. The downscaled MODIS NDVI products were able to characterize the development of paddy rice at fine spatial and temporal resolutions, across wide spatial extents over multiple growing seasons. These data permitted the extraction of key crop seasonality parameters that quantified inter-annual growth variability for a whole agricultural region and enabled mapping of the variability in crop performance between and within fields. Hence, this approach can provide rice crop growth data that is suitable for informing agronomic policy and practice across a wide range of scales.  相似文献   

利用零相位Kaiser窗滤波器改善MEX多普勒数据定轨精度          下载免费PDF全文

曲春凯  李斐  杨轩  鄢建国  郝卫峰  叶茂  金炜桐  王宏 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2018,43(7):1071-1077

精密轨道确定在深空探测中至关重要,而定轨数据中的白噪声会影响定轨性能。基于零相位分析,比较了FRR（forward-filter reverse-filter reverse-output）、RRF（reverse-filter reverse-filter forward-output）和Matlab中的filtfilt这3种滤波器的优劣,设计了一种零相位Kaiser窗低通滤波器。利用火星快车号（Mars Express,MEX）的仿真数据和实测数据验证了零相位Kaiser窗低通滤波器的性能,结果发现滤除白噪声后MEX数据的定轨精度有了显著改善。双程测速数据残差均方根（root mean square,RMS）减小为原来的1/3左右,达到了0.031 mm/s;轨道位置和速度与欧空局（European Space Agency,ESA）精密轨道的差异明显变小。该滤波算法作为定轨前的数据预处理可以提高定轨精度,从而为中国火星探测器的轨道数据处理提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

北斗全球卫星导航系统试验卫星测距信号质量分析          下载免费PDF全文

许扬胤  杨元喜  何海波  李金龙  唐斌  章林锋 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2018,43(8):1214-1221

目前,北斗全球卫星导航系统有5颗试验卫星发射试验信号。试验卫星数据质量分析是北斗全球系统信号体制验证的重要内容。基于单测站北斗试验卫星观测数据,采用伪距相位差组合和伪距多径组合方法,初步分析了试验卫星民用信号以及Bs频点信号伪距测量噪声和多径误差。结果表明,倾斜同步轨道卫星伪距测量精度优于中轨道卫星;在各导航信号中,B2a+b信号伪距测量精度最高,具有最优的抗多径性能;B1C信号伪距测量精度最低,抗多径性能最差;Bs信号伪距测量精度较差,但优于B1C信号,且其伪距多径存在一个与高度角相关的系统误差,在高度角最大时可达0.5 m。  相似文献   

宽视场遥感相机像移速度模型及补偿策略          下载免费PDF全文

李永昌  金龙旭  李国宁  武奕楠  王文华 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2018,43(8):1278-1286

宽视场遥感相机在轨成像期间,受地球自转、卫星颤振、姿态机动等因素影响而产生像移,导致成像质量降低。为此,提出了一种适用于宽视场遥感相机的像移速度模型,并考虑了离轴角对计算精度的影响,推导了离轴三反相机像移速度和偏流角解析式。以某卫星为例,仿真分析了3种典型成像模式下像移速度和偏流角在焦面的分布情况,仿真结果与定性分析结果一致,验证了像移速度模型的正确性。在此基础上,针对侧摆兼具俯仰成像模式,提出了相应的像移补偿策略。补偿效果表明,卫星侧摆35°兼具俯仰35°成像时,采用全局优化偏流角匹配策略能保证整个焦面区域的调制传递函数（modulation transfer function,MTF）均大于0.95（16级）;采用局部优化偏流角匹配策略能保证焦面重点观测目标的MTF大于0.95（96级）;采用提出的像移速度匹配策略在分11组调节行周期情况下,能保证整个焦面区域的MTF均大于0.95（16级）。仿真结果表明,提出的像移补偿策略能有效解决侧摆兼具俯仰成像时的像质下降问题,可为宽视场遥感相机像移补偿提供可靠依据。  相似文献   

Mine waste water self-purification (arsenic) in neutral hydrogeochemical ecosystem: A case study from V-Ti-Fe mine tailings     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2023,83(2):125947

The fate of the arsenic (As) under neutral hydrogeochemical conditions in the mining ecosystem has attracted increasing concern, as the ecological restoration of As provides a possibility for safe use of mine water. However, successful cases are still inadequately reported worldwide. Therefore, to investigate the As-behavior in the mine tailings ecosystem, a study of the Wanniangou tailings pond (regional largest V-Ti-Fe mine tailings pond, Sichuan province, China) and the downstream (Rehe River) was conducted. It involves hydro-geochemistry, mineralogy, biogeochemistry, and the Geographically Weighted Regression model (GWR). The results reveal that: (1) the pH range of the mine water is 6.32 to 7.21. The chemical weathering of tailings resulted in an abnormal As concentration in water (e.g., transport pipe wastewater 76.5 μg L⁻¹, the outlet of tailings pond 28.4 μg L⁻¹), and it declines to the national water quality guideline (<10 μg L⁻¹) after 2.59 km from the pond outlet. (2) Although sulfide oxidation boosts As migration in the tailings, As ecological refixation is promoted by tailings particle percolation, river sediment absorption, and aquatic plant uptake. The As refixation behaviors vary spatially, corresponding with the diversity of precipitation and absorption. Besides, Manganese (oxides or/and hydroxides) is conducive to As coprecipitation in the neutral hydrogeochemical environment. (3) The site selection of the V-Ti-Fe mine tailings pond with a downstream longer than 3 km creates a toxic metals self-restoration buffer zone, which could relieve the contamination probability and make the mining wastewater re-utilization feasible.  相似文献   

Petrographic and mineral chemistry investigation of the high-grade chrysotile asbestos-bearing Zvishavane Ultramafic Complex,south central Zimbabwe     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2023,83(2):125950

The Zvishavane Ultramafic Complex (ZUC) in the south central part of the Zimbabwe craton is comprised of coarse-grained serpentinites, metadunites and metagabbros and hosts Africa's largest reserves, and largest mine, of high-grade chrysotile asbestos. Magnesiohornblende, actinolite, plagioclase (An_0.6–41.9), augite, diopside and clinozoisite constitute the mineralogy of the ZUC. Forsteritic olivine (>Fo₉₀) was altered to form chrysotile and antigorite minerals, although some primary olivines are preserved. Contents of Al₂O₃ range from <1 to >2.5 wt% at TiO₂ values of <0.7 wt% consistent with an island arc setting for the ZUC that originated from tholeiitic magmas. The Zvishavane Ultramafic Complex was metamorphosed at relatively high temperatures (542-779 °C) and low pressures (1.2-2kbars), consistent with contact metamorphism. Intrusion of several granitic batholiths relatively close to the ZUC likely triggered hydrothermal fluid migration which metamorphosed the ZUC. The associated asbestos deposits likely formed during hydrothermal circulation events. Zoned amphiboles, the occurrence of magnesiohornblende and actinolite, as well as cross-cutting serpentine veins are consistent with at least two stages of alteration and/or metamorphism of the ZUC. The lack of a thrust contact between the ZUC and its country rocks is consistent with the ZUC having intruded into the host Zvishavane Gneiss Complex and possibly acted as a feeder to the nearby Mberengwa greenstone belt (MGB). However, the occurrence of near end-member forsteritic olivine, the presence of zoned amphiboles, and faulting within the ZUC are all suggestive of an ophiolitic origin although forsteritic olivines also occur in intrusive layered complexes. Metamorphism of the ZUC, ascribed to intrusion of multiple batholiths and possibly the MGB, likely led to the formation of ZUC chrysotile asbestos deposits.  相似文献