作物胁迫无人机遥感监测研究评述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄耀欢  李中华  朱海涛 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(4):512-523

作物胁迫是全球农业发展的一个重要制约因素,实现快速、大范围、实时的作物胁迫监测对于农业生产具有重要意义。传统的作物胁迫监测方式,如田间调查、理化检测和卫星遥感监测总是受到各种田间条件或大气条件的制约。随着无人机和各种轻量化传感器的快速发展,其凭借高频、迅捷等优势为各种作物胁迫监测提供了一套全新的解决方案。本文在介绍了目前主流的多种无人机和传感器的基础上,首先对目前无人机遥感用于作物监测的主要胁迫类型进行了梳理,然后重点阐述了基于光谱成像和热红外传感器进行作物胁迫无人机遥感监测的应用和技术方法,最后提出了作物胁迫无人机遥感监测尚需解决的关键问题,并展望了未来无人机遥感用于作物胁迫监测的前景。  相似文献   

The relation of Holocene fluvial terraces to changes in climate and sediment supply,South Fork Payette River,Idaho     

Jennifer L. Pierce  Grant A. Meyer  Tammy Rittenour 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(5-6):628-645

Well-preserved Holocene terraces along the South Fork Payette River in central Idaho provide a record of fluvial system behavior in a steep mountain watershed characterized by weathered and erodible Idaho Batholith granitic rocks. Terrace deposit ages were provided by ¹⁴C dating of charcoal fragments and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sandy sediments. Along with pairing of many terrace tread heights, these data indicate episodic downcutting during the Holocene, with a mean incision rate of ～0.9 m/ka from ～7 ka to present. Prior to 7 ka, the river incised to within～3 m of current bankfull, but then aggraded by ～5 m over at least a ～10 km-long reach in an episode centered ～7–6 ka. Aggradation may relate to (1) increased hillslope sediment input from landslides and debris flows in steep tributary basins with abundant grussified granitic bedrock, (2) possible local landslide-damming of the channel, (3) decreased peak discharge, or (4) a combination of these factors. Middle Holocene channel aggradation ca. 7–6 ka corresponds with a period of prolonged and widespread aridity in the northern Rocky Mountains. Between ～5 and 1.3 ka, the river aggraded slightly and then remained stable, forming a prominent terrace tread at ～3 m above current bankfull. Modest aggradation to vertical stability of the South Fork Payette River at the 1.5 m terrace level ～1.0–0.7 ka corresponds with large fire-related debris flows in tributaries during Medieval droughts. Three intervals of incision (～5.5–5 ka, 1.3–1.0 ka and 0.5 ka) correspond with frequent but small fire-related sedimentation events and generally cooler, wetter conditions suggesting increased snowmelt runoff discharges. Other possible drivers of channel incision include an increase in stochastic or climate-modulated large storms and floods and a reduction in delivery of hillslope sediment to the channel. Aggradation is more confidently tied to climate through increases in hillslope sediment delivery and (or) decreased stream power, both likely related to warmer, drier conditions (including high-severity fires) that reduce snowmelt and decrease vegetation cover on steep slopes. Thus, the Holocene terraces of the South Fork Payette River do not reflect simple stepwise incision with periods of vertical stability and lateral migration, but record substantial episodes of aggradation as well. We infer that increases in hillslope erosion and mass movements combined with reduced discharges during prolonged droughts episodically reverse the post-glacial trend of downcutting, in particular during the middle Holocene. The present bedrock-dominated channel implies a strong tendency toward incision in the late Holocene.  相似文献   

蝗虫遥感监测预警研究现状与展望   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄文江  董莹莹  赵龙龙  耿芸  阮超  张弼尧  孙忠祥  张寒苏  叶回春  王昆 《遥感学报》2020,24(10):1270-1279

气候变化背景下全球蝗灾日益肆虐，为支撑虫害及时精准防控，迫切需要开展大面积蝗虫动态监测预警研究。本文从蝗虫生境遥感监测、蝗虫发生动态遥感预警，以及蝗灾遥感损失评估3个方面介绍了当前研究现状，并指出当前存在的问题主要包括3个方面：蝗虫监测预警的时空分辨率较粗，无法精准定位虫害热点发生区和重点危害区；遥感虫害响应机制与虫害生物学扩散模型耦合度较低，导致模型时空普适性较差；缺乏高时空精度的虫害监测预警空间信息服务产品。因此，当前急需发展面向全球、洲际、全国、区域的多尺度、长时序、高精度虫害精准监测预警平台。通过建立时空精细尺度的虫害监测预警指标体系，研制遥感机制与虫害生物学机理深度耦合的高精度预测预报模型，发布多尺度高时频的虫害监测预警空间信息产品和服务，以实现海量数据的自动入库和智能存储、多层次模型的快速调用和高性能计算、虫害测报产品的在线生产和可视化服务。建立从数据到模型到产品服务的全链路，从而切实提升全球应对重大迁飞性虫害的智能化水平，为保障粮食安全、维护区域稳定和可持续发展提供科技支撑。  相似文献   

卫星测高数据监测青藏高原湖泊2010年—2018年水位变化     

廖静娟  薛辉  陈嘉明 《遥感学报》2020,24(12):1534-1547

青藏高原湖泊水位变化是气候变化和生态环境变化研究的重要指标。随着Cryosat-2观测数据的日益丰富和处理技术的提升，可以有效监测更多湖泊的水位变化信息。本研究构建了基于噪声去除技术、改进的波形重跟踪处理算法（ImpMWaPP）和误差混合动态模型为一体的高精度湖泊水位序列提取方法，利用Cryosat-2 SARIn数据获取到133个青藏高原湖泊2010年—2018年的高精度水位序列，并分析了这些湖泊水位变化的时空变化特征。总体上，青藏高原湖泊的水位继续呈上升趋势，但上升速度较2003年—2009年趋缓，年均变化率0.159 m/a。从地域分布上，北部湖泊的水位上升最为显著，而南部湖泊的水位则趋于稳定。从时间上，2010年—2012年和2016年—2018年，大多数湖泊的水位呈现快速上涨，而其他时间水位相对稳定或略有下降。  相似文献   

The Review of γ-ray Astronomical Observing Techniques     

《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2021,45(3):281-300

$\gamma$-ray is a unique probe for extreme events in the universe. Detecting the $\gamma$-ray provides an important opportunity to understand the composition of universe, the evolution of stars, the origin of cosmic rays, etc. $\gamma$-ray astronomy involves in various frontier scientific issues, and the observed energy spectrum spans over a wide range from a few hundreds of keV to a few hundreds of TeV. Different $\gamma$-ray telescopes are in need for different scientific goals and spectral bands. In this work, 5 kinds of space- and ground-based $\gamma$-ray observing techniques were summarized, including the Coded-aperture telescopes, Compton telescopes, Pair-production telescopes, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, and Extensive Air Shower Arrays. The progress in $\gamma$-ray astronomy in the past 70 years, motivated by the observation capability, was reviewed. Great achievements have been made in the high-energy domain and very-high-energy domain, while because of the limited missions conducted, as well as a lower sensitivity comparing with other domains, discoveries in low- and medium-energy are few, and due to the high observation difficulty, as well as the late start, relevant scientific yields in ultra- and extremely-high energy are limited. Moreover, the future planned missions and capabilities of the $\gamma$-ray telescopes and their possible scientific outputs were discussed. Among these missions, low- and medium-energy space telescopes e-ASTROGAM (enhanced-ASTROGAM), AMEGO (All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory), and very-high-energy ground-based arrays LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) and CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) greatly improve sensitivity than their corresponding last generation, thus expect very likely to further expand our knowledge on the $\gamma$-universe.  相似文献   

基于OLCI数据的洱海叶绿素a浓度估算     

毕顺  李云梅  吕恒  朱利  牟蒙  雷少华  徐杰  温爽  丁潇蕾 《湖泊科学》2018,30(3):701-712

海陆颜色仪(OLCI)是搭载在Sentinel-3上的新型水色遥感传感器,其对于内陆清洁水体水质遥感监测的适用性有待验证.本研究以评价水体富营养化程度的重要参数叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度为指标,以高原湖泊洱海为研究区,基于2017年4月19日共20个星地同步实验数据,建立了3种可应用于OLCI数据的Chl.a浓度遥感估算模型(波段比值模型、三波段模型以及FLH模型),并估算了当日洱海Chl.a浓度的空间分布.结果表明:(1)选用波段Oa8(665 nm)、Oa11(708.75 nm)和Oa12(753.75 nm)构建的三波段模型最适用于洱海水域的Chl.a浓度估算,其平均绝对误差百分比为12.37%,低于波段比值模型的16.04%和FLH模型的13.50%;(2)对OLCI使用的大气校正方法中,基于去瑞利散射的暗像元法对估算模型的适用性要优于6S、FLAASH以及QUAC方法;(3)洱海OLCI影像中近岸水体受邻近效应影响严重,近红外波段Oa12(753.75 nm)受陆地邻近效应影响的距离为1~2个像元,而Oa8(665 nm)、Oa10(681.25 nm)和Oa11(708.75 nm)波段为1个像元;(4)2017年4月19日全湖Chl.a浓度均值为12.15±5.72μg/L,洱海中部水域Chl.a浓度最低(9.00~12.00μg/L),北部水域浓度最高(12.00~22.76μg/L),南部水域浓度稍高(12.00~14.00μg/L),阳南溪与波罗江入湖口受降雨径流的影响出现"羽流现象",导致Chl.a浓度偏低,约为8.33μg/L.  相似文献   

Latest Middle Miocene fauna and flora from Kumkol Basin of northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and paleoenvironment     

Li  Qiang  Zhou  Xinying  Ni  Xijun  Fu  Bihong  Deng  Tao 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(2):188-201

We report 7 mammalian and 16 pollen species from the top of the Shimagou Formation in Kumkol Basin of northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, whose age is latest Middle Miocene(about 12.5 Ma). We erect a new species of fossil rodent,Spermophilinus kumkolensis sp. nov. The micromammalian fauna from the Kumkol Basin shares high similarities with contemporary faunas from Europe and northern China, indicating the existence of active zoogeographic exchange between Europe and northern Asia. Trees are dominant in pollen fossils, and herbs and shrubs are minorities. Broadleaved Quercus and Fagus predominate in tree pollens. The flora reconstructed by pollens displays a mixture of evergreen broadleaved forest and dry and warm steppe landscape. Compared to the modern vegetation in Yunnan region, the latest Middle Miocene flora in the Kumkol Basin represents a distinct vertical distribution. The ecotypes of the latest Middle Miocene fauna and flora in the Kumkol Basin,as a whole, are markedly different from those of modern animals and vegetation, the past climate being more suitable than today.  相似文献   

基于OGC标准的基础地理数据集群服务设计     

杨哲宇  周晓菲  吴迪  冯聪慧 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(4):47-49

现代三维数字地球已成为GIS技术应用的常用前端展现平台,采用的海量高分辨率遥感影像、分层地名数据和DEM数据的数字地球能否提供高效服务成为制约数字地球框架实用性的关键因素。本文对目前流行的由World Wind项目组基于OGC标准实现的WMS服务及通过Geo Server项目实现的地名服务建立基础地理集群服务的方法进行了研究,同时还针对不同分辨率、不同存储模式的的影像数据服务效率给出了实际分析测试结果。  相似文献   

大气CO₂浓度时空变化卫星遥感监测的应用潜力分析     

布然  雷莉萍  郭丽洁  刘达  曾招城 《遥感学报》2015,19(1):34-45

GOSAT卫星观测反演大气CO2浓度精度已经提高到了1—2 ppm,而卫星数据能否准确地揭示全球和区域大气CO2浓度变化特征还缺乏充分的评价与分析。本文针对已经连续运行观测3年的GOSAT卫星,收集了来自美国NASA-OCO团队(ACOS)和日本环境研究所GOSAT团队(NIES)基于各自算法反演的两套大气CO2柱浓度数据,描述并分析了全球大气CO2时空变化特征。分析结果表明,从XCO2反演的绝对值结果来看ACOS总体上比NIES的高出约2 ppm左右,但从时空的相对变化上它们揭示了相近的大气CO2浓度时空变化特征。两套数据显示出全球平均大气CO2浓度在2010年—2012年的3年期间年增量分别为1.8 ppm和2.0 ppm;季节变化幅度,北半球最大4—6 ppm,南半球最大约2 ppm,这与地面观测结果基本一致。进一步将EDGAR 4.2人为排放总量格网化数据与GOSAT卫星观测反演的CO2浓度进行相关统计分析,结果指出两套数据对人为排放量有着微弱的响应。本文结果指出目前GOSAT卫星观测反演的XCO2可以检测出全球和区域大气CO2浓度的年变化、季节变化和区域空间变化的特征;GOSAT卫星10.5 km空间分辨率的观测虽难于检测出点源的浓度变化,但从区域上对人为排放的累积效应的监测显示了一定的应用潜力。  相似文献   

尺度效应的叶面积指数产品真实性检验方法     

廖嫣然  盖颖颖  姚延娟  范闻捷  徐希孺  闫彬彦 《遥感学报》2015,19(1):134-152

真实性检验是评价遥感反演产品质量和验证遥感应用产品是否准确、真实地反映实际情况的重要途径。叶面积指数(LAI)是表征陆地植被结构和长势的关键参数,全面准确评价和验证LAI产品是产品用于陆面过程模型的前提。本文以MODIS LAI与GLASS LAI产品为研究对象,在尺度效应和尺度转换的基础上,建立了针对非均匀像元的低分辨率LAI产品真实性检验方法。在考虑空间异质性和植被长势差异的情况下,借助中分辨率的遥感影像,分别利用1 km像元平均叶面积指数和反演表观叶面积指数实现了对LAI算法和产品的真实性检验。为了比较作物长势差异和地表非均匀度对产品的影响,本文选择有代表性的河南鹤壁和甘肃张掖两个地区进行两种LAI产品真实性检验研究。研究结果表明,GLASS LAI和MODIS LAI产品均存在明显的低估现象。这并不是产品算法的问题,而是由于地表异质性和非均匀度的影响。在异质性更显著的张掖盈科灌区,低估现象更明显。GLASS LAI产品是多种LAI产品的融合,它的平均LAI比MODIS更接近真实情况,但是LAI的动态范围比MODIS窄。  相似文献