基于强震记录估算同震位移的研究进展及方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭小波  李小军  刘启方 《世界地震工程》2011,27(3)

通过对强震加速度记录估算同震位移技术自20世纪40年代以来国内外研究成果的总结,系统地阐述了通过近断层加速度记录计算同震位移的相关理论、方法的发展历程和成就。首先简述了基于强震记录估算同震位移的意义和普遍存在的漂移现象,然后总结了从模拟记录到数字记录两个阶段计算同震位移所取得的成果,接着归纳了为解决漂移现象所采取的3种基于时程拟合的方法和2种基于小波分析的方法,最后对基于数字强震仪记录估算同震位移的未来研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

基于GPS的2021年玛多M_W7.4地震同震静、动态形变场     

熊仕昭  刘刚  林牧  王迪晋  熊维  赵利江  赵斌  乔学军 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(10):1041-1046

利用青海省CORS网GPS连续观测数据获取2021年玛多M_W7.4地震的同震形变场以及震时地表运动状态。结果表明,断层南北两侧的近场测站分别展现出南东向和北西向运动,符合左旋走滑机制。同震形变集中在震中距300 km范围内,震中距150 km以内的站点均能反映出cm级的位移,最大水平向位移为28.3 cm(JDUO站)。高频GPS动态形变提取出的永久位移与静态解算结果相当,其动态波形最大峰值为49.9 cm(KANQ站)。依据震中距和波形初动时间估计得到地震波速为2.8~4.9 km/s,断层东端的站点估算速度大于其他站点,可能与此次破裂的方向性或者破裂传播速度有关。依据震级经验公式,动态波形估算震级在M6.8~7.6区间,拟合平均震级为M7.35±0.15。若在实时条件下,震后70 s内可得到稳定的震级。  相似文献   

联合光学和雷达遥感数据的2021年玛多M_W7.3地震同震形变提取     

何萌  王鑫  魏久传  傅志豪 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(7):707-711

利用Sentinel-1升降轨数据,基于D-InSAR技术获取2021-05-22青海玛多M_W7.3地震LOS向形变场。由于地震破裂达到地表,沿断层剖面处出现了干涉条纹不连续、破碎重叠等现象,为准确提取地震发震断层的几何展布,联合地震前后的Landsat-8光学影像数据,基于频率域互相关算法提取地震水平向形变场及断层的几何展布特征。结果显示,玛多地震的地表破裂轨迹长达155.6 km,在首端及末端存在分支破裂,地表主体破裂带可分为3段,段间走向差异较大,整体呈NWW向展布。发震断层主要以左旋走滑为主,推测本次地震由昆仑山口-江错断裂控制。  相似文献   

青海玉树Mw6.9级地震震源破裂过程     

王洵  周云  孙蒙  王卫民 《地质通报》2014,33(4):517-523

针对2010年青海玉树藏族自治州发生的Mw6.9(Ms7.1)级地震,利用地震波形资料和InSAR获取的同震位移资料,根据同震形成的地表位移干涉图,构建三段式断层模型,反演重建地震的破裂过程。研究显示本次地震断层面走向为119°,倾角79°,滑动角-2.2°,最大滑动量达到200cm,震源深度12.5km,地震标量地震矩为2.18×1026dyn·cm。震源破裂特征表明,玉树地震主要是沿甘孜—玉树断裂发生的左旋走滑破裂事件,反映了印度板块向北的推挤作用下,青藏高原东部不同次级块体东向不均匀挤出的运动学特征。  相似文献   

地震同震滑动分布反演的总体最小二乘方法     

王乐洋  李海燕  温扬茂  许才军 《测绘学报》2017,46(3):307-315

同震滑动分布参数与地表形变间的线性关系依赖于格林函数矩阵的构造,格林函数矩阵元素与破裂面位置、几何参数、破裂方式及位错模型假设等因素有关。本文尝试考虑格林函数矩阵元素的误差来补偿上述原因在一定程度上对反演参数的影响,采用同时顾及系数矩阵(格林函数矩阵)和观测向量两者误差的总体最小二乘方法反演同震滑动分布。首先确定了系数矩阵元素和观测向量的协因数矩阵,考虑到格林函数矩阵的病态性(秩亏),借助拉普拉斯二阶平滑得到正则化矩阵,采用总体最小二乘正则化法反演同震滑动分布。并对2009年意大利中部拉奎拉(L’Aquila)Mw6.3级地震实例进行同震滑动分布反演研究。结果表明,拉奎拉地震的走向为144.37°,倾角为59.06°,滑动分布的最大滑动量为0.95m,平均滑动角为-96.4°,主要滑动深度为4~15km的范围,地震矩为3.63×10~(18)N·m,对应的矩震级为Mw6.34。总体最小二乘与最小二乘法的滑动分布解存在一定差别,但差别的量级在10-4以内。  相似文献   

The Surface Rupture Zone and Coseismic Deformation Produced by the Yutian Ms7.3 Earthquake of 21 March 2008, Xinjiang     

SHAN Xinjian  QU Chunyan  WANG Chisheng  ZHANG Guifang  ZHANG Guohong  SONG Xiaogang  GUO Liming  LIU Yunhua 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(1):256-265

On 21 March 2008, a Ms7.3 earthquake occurred at Quickbird, Yutian County, Xinjiang. We attempt to reveal the features of the causative fault of this shock and its coseismic deformation field. Our work is based on analysis and interpretation to high-resolution satellite images as well as differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) data from the satellite Envisat SAR, coupled with seismicity, focal mechanism solutions and active tectonics in this region. The result shows that the 40?km-long, nearly NS trending surface rupture zone by this event lies on a range-front alluvial platform in Qira County. It is characterized by distinct linear traces and simple structure with 1–3-m-wide individual seams and maximum 6.5?m width of a collapse fracture. Along the rupture zone many secondary fractures and fault-bounded blocks are seen, exhibiting remarkable extension. The coseismic deformation affected a large area 100×100?km2. D-InSAR analysis indicates that the interferometric deformation field is dominated by extensional faulting with a small strike-slip component. Along the causative fault, the western wall fell down and the eastern wall, that is the active unit, rose up, both with westerly vergence. Because of the big deformation gradients near the seismogenic fault, no interference fringes are seen on images, and what can be determined is a vertical displacement 70?cm or more between the two fault walls. According to the epicenter and differential occurrence times from the National Earthquake Information Center, China Earthquake Network Center, Harvard and USGS, it is suggested that the seismic fault ruptured from north to south.  相似文献   

山西临汾台宽频带倾斜仪映震能力浅析     

李艳  高振强  程冬焱 《山西地震》2012,(1):8-10,38

对山西临汾台VP型宽频带倾斜仪观测资料处理发现,与同台观测的普通倾斜仪相比,该仪器灵敏度高,记录的同震阶变幅度远大于普通形变倾斜仪;该仪器映震能力强,在2010年河津M4．8地震、洪洞M3．6地震、2009年陕西高陵M4．4地震等几次地震前记录到了明显的短期、甚至短临异常变化特征,尤其是在河津地震前更是出现了原始曲线形态、潮汐因子、加卸载响应比等多项丰富的异常信息,说明该仪器对山西带南部地震有较好的映震能力,可为今后分析本区及周边地震活动提供判定依据。  相似文献   

地震前后静应力变化分析     

郑江蓉  江昊琳  徐桂明  杨从杰  孟科 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(1):1-6

以1984年5月21日南黄海6.2级地震为例,计算距震中175 km的苏20井同震水位阶变的应力变化,结果表明,地震造成的应变变化与同震水位阶所反演的应变变化具有相同的数量级,地震引起的同震水位阶代表了地震造成的应力（应变）大小,具有动力学含义.  相似文献   

GRACE detection of the medium- to far-field coseismic gravity changes caused by the 2004 M_W9.3 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake          下载免费PDF全文

Jin Li  Wenbin Shen 《地震科学（英文版）》2012,25(3):235-240

Large earthquakes cause observable changes in the Earth's gravity field, which have been detected by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Since most previous studies focus on the detection of near-field gravity effects, this study provides the results from the medium- to far-field gravity changes caused by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake that are recorded within GRACE monthly solutions. Utilizing a spherical-earth dislocation model we documented that large-scale signals predominate in the global field of the coseismic gravity changes caused by the earthquake. After removing the near-field effects, the coseismic gravity changes show a negative anomaly feature with an average magnitude of -0.18×10^-8 m·s^-2 in the region ranging ~40° from the epicenter, which is considered as the "medium field" in this study. From the GRACE data released by Center for Space Research from August 2002 to December 2008, we retrieved the large-scale gravity changes smoothed with 3 000 km Gaussian filter. The results show that the coseismic gravity changes detected by GRACE in the medium field have an average of (-0.20€±0.06)×10^-8 m·s^-2, which agrees with the model prediction. The detection confirms that GRACE is sensitive to large-scale medium-field coseismic gravitational effects of mega earthquakes, and also validates the spherical-earth dislocation model in the medium field from the perspective of satellite gravimetry.  相似文献   

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周江存  孙和平  徐建桥 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(3):25-29

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