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81.
Seismicity is known to contribute to landscape denudation through its role in earthquake‐triggered slope failure; but little is known about how the intensity of seismic ground motions, and therefore triggering of slope failures, may change through time. Topography influences the intensity of seismic shaking – generally steep slopes amplify shaking more than flatter slopes – and because glacial erosion typically steepens and enlarges slopes, glaciation may increase the intensity of seismic shaking of some landforms. However, the effect of this may be limited until after glaciers retreat because valley ice or ice‐caps may damp seismic ground motions. Two‐dimensional numerical models (FLAC 6.0) were used to explore how edifice shape, rock stiffness and various levels of ice inundation affect edifice shaking intensity. The modelling confirmed that earthquake shaking is enhanced with steeper topography and at ridge crests but it showed for the first time that total inundation by ice may reduce shaking intensity at hill crests to about 20–50% of that experienced when no ice is present. The effect is diminished to about 80–95% if glacier ice level reduces to half of the mountain slope height. In general, ice cover reduced shaking most for the steepest‐sided edifices, for wave frequencies higher than 3 Hz, and when ice was thickest and the rock had shear stiffness well in excess of the stiffness of ice. If rock stiffness is low and shear‐wave velocity is similar to that of ice, the presence of ice may amplify the shaking of rock protruding above the ice surface. The modelling supports the idea that topographic amplification of earthquake shaking increases as a result of glacial erosion and deglaciation. It is possible that the effect of this is sufficient to have influenced the distribution of post‐glacial slope failures in glaciated seismically active areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
82.
���ø�ƵGPS���е���̬���η���������λ 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
???t??????λ???????ó??????Mw 9.0??????8??GPS????????????С?????????GPS?ο?????????α??????????????????Σ????????λ???5.9 m???????????λ???1.8 m????λ?????峯?????з???????????ο??????????????????????????λ?ü?S?????????? 相似文献
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Coseismic responses of groundwater levels in the Three Gorges well-network to the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake 
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下载免费PDF全文 We systematically analyze coseismic responses and post-seismic characteristics of groundwater levels in the Three Gorges well-network to the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008. The results indicate that these characteristics differ among wells. On the conditions of similar borehole configurations, the differences are associated with geological structural sites of wells, burial types of aquifers monitored, and transmissivities of aquifer systems. We explored coseismic and post-seismic step-rise and step-drop mechanical mechanisms and their implication to earthquake prediction. We validated the inference that the residual step-rise zone is a possible earthquake risk zone based on recent seismic activity on the Xiannüshan fault in the area. 相似文献
84.
统计了汶川8.0级地震及其强余震引起的唐山井水位同震变化的幅度参数（最大振幅、阶变量）和时间参数（最大振幅时刻,同震持续时间）,以及邻近的陡河台记录的地震波的体波和面波的到时．计算分析了同震参数与震级（ML,MS和MW三种震级）、井-震距、震源深度的相关方程及同震参数间的相关关系．结果表明,同震变化量与MS震级的相关性最好,与震源深度和井-震距相关性较弱;同震最大幅度与同震阶变量、同震持续时间相关性很高,水位同震振荡和阶变均来自地震波引起的动应变;水位同震振荡的最大振幅发生在S波至瑞利波时段,水位同震响应是地震波与水文地质环境等多种因素共同作用的结果． 相似文献
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2007年6月3日宁洱县境内发生6.4级地震,在地震区跨越宁洱东支断裂进行了为期14d的余震序列宽频带电磁异常连续观测。在固定台站的电场和磁场时间序列记录中,观测到多次余震事件的电磁同震现象。取每2h观测资料进行了加窗傅氏变换,得到不同频率的功率谱随时间的变化曲线。结果表明,MS3.0以上的余震发生前后,电磁场各分量频率谱峰值出现了显著的变化,地震后的峰值波动也许与时间域的同震效应相对应,而地震前发生的峰值跳跃有可能为电磁前兆现象。此外,本文对同震电磁信号产生机理进行了讨论,推测这种现象可能与地震发电机机制有关 相似文献
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THE COSEISMIC VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE OF THE 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Coseismic displacement plays a role in earthquake surface rupture, which not only reflects the magnitude scale but also has effect on estimates of fault slip rate and earthquake recurrence intervals. A great historical earthquake occurred in Huaxian County on the 23rd January 1556, however, there was lack of surface rupture records and precise coseismic vertical displacements. It's known that the 1556 Huaxian earthquake was caused by Huashan front fault and Weinan plateau front fault, which are large normal faults in the east part of the southern boundary faults in Weihe Basin controlling the development of the basin in Quaternary. Here, we made a study on three drilling sites in order to unveil the coseismic vertical displacements.
It is for the first time to get the accurate coseismic vertical displacements, which is 6m at Lijiapo site of Huashan front fault, 7m at Caiguocun site, and 6m at Guadicun site of Weinan plateau front fault. These coseismic displacements measured based on same layers of drilling profiles both at footwall and hanging wall are different from the results measured by former geomorphological fault scarps. It's estimated that some scarps are related with the nature reformation and the human beings' activities, for example, fluviation or terracing field, instead of earthquake acticity, which leads to some misjudgment on earthquake displacements. Moreover, the vertical displacements from the measurement of geomorphological scarps alone do not always agree with the virtual ones. Hence, we assume that the inconsistency between the results from drilling profiles and geomorphological scarps in this case demonstrates that the fault scarp surface may have been demolished and rebuilt by erosion or human activities. 相似文献
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