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71.
72.
李迪恩 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1997,(2)
硅酸盐玻璃和熔体中硅和铝的配位与局部结构:K边X射线吸收光谱研究*李迪恩(中山大学地质系,广州510275)关键词硅酸盐玻璃和熔体硅和铝的配位X射线吸光谱高压下硅酸盐矿物和玻璃中的硅可以形成八面体配位[1],但在通常的低压硅酸盐玻璃中,硅和铝为四面体... 相似文献
73.
Tensile dynamic fractures were propagated under two experimental congifurations for the purpose of assessing the relative amount of strain energy release that is consumed as fracture energy and radiated as seismic waves. The configurations used were (1) application of localized thermal stresses to 2.29 mm-thick plates of soda-lime glass and (2) double cantilever beam (DCB) experiments in 12.7 mm-thick glass plates, in which a fracture is propagated from a notch at one end of the specimen by application of a transverse load. Fracture propagation velocities of 0.35–2 mm/s were obtained for fractures in the first configuration. A capacitance transducer with a point-like probe was used for measuring the seismic displacement waveforms from propagating fracture sources. This transducer is capable of measuring absolute surface displacements with a resolution of 0.01 nm. It has a flat frequency response in the range 10 kHz to 6 MHz. Measured seismic efficiencies, or the ratio of radiated seismic energy to strain energy released, are in the range 10–5 to 10–3. 相似文献
74.
Munetake Sasaki Koichiro Fujimoto Takayuki Sawaki Hitoshi Tsukamoto Osamu Kato Ryo Komatsu Nobuo Doi Masakatsu Sasada 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,121(3-4):247-269
A 3729-m-deep geothermal research well, WD-1a, provides us with a unique opportunity to study initial petrographic features of a high-temperature granite just after solidification of magma. The well succeeded in collecting three spot-cores of the Kakkonda Granite that is a pluton emplaced at a shallow depth and regarded as a heat source of the active Kakkonda geothermal system. The core samples were collected at the present formation temperatures of 370, 410 and over 500°C. These samples are granodiorite to tonalite consisting mainly of plagioclase, quartz, hornblende, biotite and K-feldspar. A sample collected at a formation temperature of over 500°C possesses the following remarkable petrographic features compared to the other two samples. Interstitial spaces are not completely sealed. K-feldspar exhibits no perthite by the exsolution of albite lamella. Quartz includes glassy melt inclusions without devitrification. Hornblende is less intensively altered to actinolite, and biotite is not altered. This study directly confirmed that perthite in K-feldspar is a recrystallization texture formed at 410–500°C based on a comparison of the in situ temperatures of the samples. Chemical compositions of minerals were analyzed to compare temperatures determined from geothermometers in several publications to the in situ temperatures of the samples. 相似文献
75.
P. L. Roeder C. Thornber A. Poustovetov A. Grant 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(3-4):245-265
The morphology and composition of spinel in rapidly quenched Pu’u ’O’o vent and lava tube samples are described. These samples contain glass, olivine phenocrysts (3–5 vol.%) and microphenocrysts of spinel (0.05 vol.%). The spinel surrounded by glass occurs as idiomorphic octahedra 5–50 μm in diameter and as chains of octahedra that are oriented with respect to each other. Spinel enclosed by olivine phenocrysts is sometimes rounded and does not generally form chains. The temperature before quenching was calculated from the MgO content of the glass and ranges from 1150°C to 1180°C. The oxygen fugacity before quenching was calculated by two independent methods and the log fO2 ranged from −9.2 to −9.9 (delta QFM=−1). The spinel in the Pu’u ’O’o samples has a narrow range in composition with Cr/(Cr+Al)=0.61 to 0.73 and Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg)=0.46 to 0.56. The lower the calculated temperature for the samples, the higher the average Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg), Fe3+ and Ti in the spinel. Most zoned spinel crystals decrease in Cr/(Cr+Al) from core to rim and, in the chains, the Cr/(Cr+Al) is greater in the core of larger crystals than in the core of smaller crystals. The occurrence of chains and hopper crystals and the presence of Cr/(Cr+Al) zoning from core to rim of the spinel suggest diffusion-controlled growth of the crystals. Some of the spinel crystals may have grown rapidly under the turbulent conditions of the summit reservoir and in the flowing lava, and the crystals may have remained in suspension for a considerable period. The rapid growth may have caused very local (μm) gradients of Cr in the melt ahead of the spinel crystal faces. The crystals seem to have retained the Cr/(Cr+Al) ratio that developed during the original growth of the crystal, but the Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg) ratio may have equilibrated fairly rapidly with the changing melt composition due to olivine crystallization. Six of the samples were collected on the same day at various locations along a 10-km lava tube and the calculated pre-collection temperatures of the samples show a 5°C drop with distance from the vent. The average Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg) of the spinel in these samples shows a weak positive correlation with decreasing MgO in the glass of these samples. The range in Cr2O3 (0.041–0.045 wt.%) of the glass for these six samples is too small to distinguish a consistent change along the lava tube. The spinel in the Pu’u ’O’o samples shows a zoning trend in a Cr–Al–Fe3+ diagram almost directly away from the Cr apex. This compares with a zoning trend in rapidly quenched MORB samples away from Cr coupled with decreasing Fe3+. The trend away from Cr displayed by spinel in rapidly quenched samples is in marked contrast to the trend of increasing Fe3+ shown by spinel in slowly cooled lava. 相似文献
76.
火山灰的提取及测试技术 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
同一次火山爆发产生的火山灰 ,能在广阔的区域内形成等时标志层 ,成为地层定年和对比的极有价值的工具。文中介绍了提取肉眼不可见火山灰的 4种方法 :烧失法、稀碱法、重液浮选法和酸化法 ,还介绍了火山玻璃的显微镜下识别技术及电子探针测试技术。 相似文献
77.
The mass estimation of volatile emission during 1199-1200 AD eruption of Baitoushan volcano and its significance 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
On the basis of the study of volcanic products during 1199-1200AD eruption of Baitou Mountain (Baitoushan), the released volatile content was estimated by comparing Cl, F, S, H2O concentrations of undegassed glass inclusions with those of degassed matrix glasses. The calculations show that volatile yields, released from the melt, are 109.88×106 ton of HCl, 196.80×106 ton of HF, 1477.84×106 ton of H2O, 23.14×106 ton of SO2, which could have formed 35.43×106 ton of H2SO4 aerosol in the atmosphere. They could have substantial effect on paleoclimate and paleo-environment. 相似文献
78.
I. Abs-Wurmbach S. Ohmann K. Westerholt Th. Meier P. Mouron J. Choisnet 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(4):280-290
The magnetic behavior of the Jahn-Teller structure braunite, (Mn2+
1−yM
y
)(Mn3+
6−
x
Mx)SiO12, is strongly influenced by the incorporation of elements substituting manganese. Magnetic properties of well-defined synthetic
samples were investigated in dependence on the composition. The final results are presented in magnetic phase diagrams. To
derive the necessary data, ac susceptibility and magnetization of braunites with the substitutional elements M = Mg, Fe, (Cu+Ti)
and Cu were measured. Whereas the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature, T
N
, of pure braunite is hardly affected by the substitution of nonmagnetic Mg, it is rapidly suppressed by the substitution
of magnetic atoms at the Mn positions. Typically for a concentration (x, y) ≥ 0.7 of the substituted elements, a spin glass phase occurs in the magnetic phase diagrams. Additionally, for the braunite
system with Fe3+ substitutions, we observe in the concentration range 0.2 < x< 0.7 a double transition from the paramagnetic state, first to the antiferromagnetic state, followed by a transition to a
spin glass state at lower temperatures. The unusual change of the magnetic properties with magnetic substitution at the Mn
positions is attributed to the peculiar antiferromagnetic structure of braunite, which has been resolved recently.
Received: 19 April 2001 / Accepted: 6 September 2001 相似文献
79.
80.
南安五台山火山喷发中心位于闽东火山断坳带福安—南靖火山喷发带中段,晚侏罗—早白垩世火山活动频繁而强烈。各类断裂构造及火山喷发不整合面发育。中或中低温火山热液通过断裂或不整合面渗透交代酸性、中酸性火山岩形成绢云母化、绿帘石化及硅化等,在南园组第二段顶部富含化学性质不稳定的火山玻璃质的熔岩、碎屑岩中绢云化强烈而形成了绢云母矿。 相似文献