SPH procedures for modeling multiple intersecting discontinuities in geomaterial          下载免费PDF全文

R. Pramanik  D. Deb 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(4):343-367

A methodology is developed in SPH framework to analyze the behavior of preexisting multiple intersecting discontinuities or joints in rock material. The procedure does not require any additional unknowns to represent discontinuities and to capture velocity jump across them. Instead, a discontinuity is represented by a set of joint particles placed along the discontinuity plane, in which relative velocity and traction vector is evaluated, obeying the Mohr–Coulomb friction law with zero tension constrain. For failure of continuous rock material, the Drucker–Prager yield criterion with tensile cracking is employed in the elastic‐plastic constitutive model. Free‐sip, no‐slip, and symmetric boundary conditions are also implemented in SPH framework for proper representation of physical system. The paper analyzes behavior of a rock sample having a discontinuity plane under uniaxial loading and compares velocity and stress with a theoretical solution derived considering effective vertical stiffness of the joint planes. The efficacy of the proposed method is successfully demonstrated by solving another two problems of jointed rock mass under uniaxial and gravitational loading conditions.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and temporal trends of mean precipitation and extremes in the arid region,northwest of China,during 1960–2010     

Huaijun Wang  Yaning Chen  Zhongsheng Chen 《水文研究》2013,27(12):1807-1818

On the basis of daily precipitation records at 76 meteorological stations in the arid region, northwest of China, the spatial and temporal distribution of mean precipitation and extremes were analysed during 1960–2010. The Mann–Kendall trend test and linear least square method were utilized to detect monotonic trends and magnitudes in annual and seasonal mean precipitation and extremes. The results obtained indicate that both the mean precipitation and the extremes have increased except in consecutive dry days, which showed the opposite trend. The changes in amplitude of both mean precipitation and extremes show seasonal variability. On an annual basis, the number of rain days (R0.1) has significantly increased. Meanwhile, the precipitation intensity as reflected by simple daily intensity index (SDII), number of heavy precipitation days (R10), very wet days (R95p), max 1‐day precipitation amount (RX1day) and max 5‐day precipitation amount (RX5day) has also significantly increased. This suggests that the precipitation increase in the arid region is due to the increase in both precipitation frequency and intensity. Trends in extremes are very highly correlated with mean trends of precipitation. The spatial correlation between trends in extremes and trends in the mean is stronger for winter (DJF) than for annual and other seasons. The regional annual and seasonal precipitation and extremes are observed the step jump in mean in the late 1980s. Overall, the results of this study are good indicators of local climate change, which will definitely enhance human mitigation to natural hazards caused by precipitation extremes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

使用跳跃扩散模型的咖啡价格期权定价（英文）     

Tesfahun BERHANE  Molalign ADAM  Guriju AWGICHEW  Eshetu HAILE 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(1):111-120

这篇文章旨在构建一个期权定价模型以减少与埃塞俄比亚咖啡价格波动相关的风险。我们使用从埃塞俄比亚商品交易所(ECX)获得的2011年5月31日至2018年3月30日期间记录的埃塞俄比亚每日(WSDA3)咖啡价格来分析其咖啡价格的波动。本文使用跳跃扩散模型对咖啡价格进行建模和期权定价,应用最大似然法估计模型参数,使用均方根误差(RMSE)来对模型进行验证。结果表明Merton和双指数跳跃扩散模型的RMSE值分别为0.1093和0.0783,模型模拟结果与实际数据非常吻合,说明采用蒙特卡罗技术得到的WSDA3价格来对期权定价时,双指数跳跃扩散模型比Merton模型更为有效。  相似文献   

基坑降水中的渗出面     

赵晓峰 《岩土工程技术》2012,26(3):137-140

对基坑降水中渗出面产生的机理、影响渗出面高度的因素、渗出面高度的计算、渗出面对基坑工程的危害及采取的措施等进行了详细的论述。工程实践证明,基坑降水工程中渗出面的研究对解决基坑降水中遇到的相关工程问题提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Recognition of cyclic steps in sandy and gravelly turbidite sequences,and consequences for the Bouma facies model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

George Postma  Kick Kleverlaan  Matthieu J. B. Cartigny 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):2268-2290

Preservation of cyclic steps contrasts markedly with that of subcritical‐flow bedforms, because cyclic steps migrate upslope eroding their lee face and preserving their stoss side. Such bedforms have not been described from turbidite outcrops and cores as yet. A conceptual block diagram for recognition of cyclic steps in outcrop has been constructed and is tested by outcrop studies of deep water submarine fan deposits of the Tabernas Basin in south‐eastern Spain. Experimental data indicate that depositional processes on the stoss side of a cyclic step are controlled by a hydraulic jump, which decelerates the flow and by subsequent waxing of the flow up to supercritical conditions once more. The hydraulic jump produces a large scour with soft‐sediment deformation (flames) preserved in coarse‐tail normal‐graded structureless deposits (Bouma Ta), while near‐horizontal, massive to stratified top‐cut‐out turbidite beds are found further down the stoss side of the bedform. The architecture of cyclic steps can best be described as large, up to hundreds of metres, lens‐shaped bodies that are truncated by erosive surfaces representing the set boundaries and that consist of nearly horizontal lying stacks of top‐cut‐out turbidite beds. The facies that characterize these bedforms have traditionally been described as turbidite units in idealized vertical sequences of high‐density turbidity currents, but have not yet been interpreted to represent bedforms produced by supercritical flow. Their large size, which is in the order of 20 m for gravelly and up to hundreds of metres for sandy steps, is likely to have hindered their recognition in outcrop so far.  相似文献   

全球、中国及云南近百年气温变化的层次结构和突变特征   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25  

尤卫红  段旭  邓自旺  伍从斌 《热带气象学报》1998,14(2):173-180

用文献［１］建立的自适应多分辨数据波滤器进行了全球、中国及云南近百年气温变化的层次结构和突变特征分析。结果表明：（１）全球近百年来的气温变化对于较大时间尺度的演化来说主要特征是变暖,并为３个层次：即１９１９年以前的偏冷期;１９２０－１９７８年偏暖期和１９７９年以后的更暖期。对应于这种较大时间尺度的层次演变,全球的气温变化表现出十分明显的突变特征,两上最明显增暖的突变点分别发生在１９２０年和１９７９  相似文献   

Widespread overspill from a saline density‐current channel and its interaction with topography on the south‐west Black Sea shelf     

Richard N. Hiscott  Ali E. Aksu  Roger D. Flood  Vladimir Kostylev  Doğan Yaşar 《Sedimentology》2013,60(7):1639-1667

Seaward of the Bosphorus Strait, the south‐west Black Sea shelf is dominated by the world's largest channel network maintained by a quasi‐continuous saline (ca 35 → 31 psu) underflow. Calculations indicate that >85% of the initial discharge of ca 10⁴ m³s^?1 spills overbank before the shelf edge. This paper documents interaction of the overspill with sea bed topography using multibeam bathymetry, echo‐sounder images of the water column, conductivity–temperature–depth profiles and sediment cores. Overbank spill is widespread, particularly through crevasse channels and on the middle shelf where confinement by channel banks is negligible. Towards the outer shelf, the wind‐driven Rim Current advects mud along the shelf, contributing to levée successions and deposition on stoss sides of elongate transverse ridges. Echo‐sounder profiles reveal metre‐scale eddies over megaflutes, and breaking lee waves and internal hydraulic jumps over ridges. Megaflutes reach 600 m long and 7 m deep, yet form where the underflow, outside the flute, is no thicker than ca 2 to 5 m. Two types of elongate seaward‐facing ridges are recognized. Type 1 ridges, 2 to 5 m high, consist of bivalve‐rich muddy sand in low‐angle (3·5° to 6°) cross‐sets created by the underflow. Type 2 ridges, ca 5 m high, have crests up to 2 km long and a buried wedge‐shaped foundation (the ‘ridge‐core’) comprised of facies similar to Type 1 ridges. These ridge‐cores are blanketed on the landward side by stratified muds, and are capped by obliquely oriented ribs supporting a diverse benthic community. This facies distribution is interpreted to result from stoss‐side and lee‐side velocity and turbulence fluctuations induced by internal hydraulic jumps and breaking lee waves in overspilling portions of the underflow. Experimental results published by W.H. Snyder and co‐workers effectively explain ridge evolution and flow across the ridges, and therefore can be applied with confidence to less easily studied deep‐marine settings swept by turbidity currents.  相似文献   

JGS-1B智能测井仪应用中遇到的问题及解决方法     

张星龙  蒙晓记 《陕西地质》2013,(2):104-107

JGS-1B智能测井仪广泛应用于煤田、水文、金属矿、非金属矿及工程地质勘探.本文对该仪器在测井过程产生的深度误差、测井曲线出现跳点、测井曲线异常等问题提出了解决方法,具有示范意义.  相似文献   

Bayesian uncertainty quantification for flows in heterogeneous porous media using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods     

A. Mondal  Y. Efendiev  B. Mallick  A. Datta-Gupta 《Advances in water resources》2010

In this paper, we study the uncertainty quantification in inverse problems for flows in heterogeneous porous media. Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms (MCMC) are used for hierarchical modeling of channelized permeability fields. Within each channel, the permeability is assumed to have a log-normal distribution. Uncertainty quantification in history matching is carried out hierarchically by constructing geologic facies boundaries as well as permeability fields within each facies using dynamic data such as production data. The search with Metropolis–Hastings algorithm results in very low acceptance rate, and consequently, the computations are CPU demanding. To speed-up the computations, we use a two-stage MCMC that utilizes upscaled models to screen the proposals. In our numerical results, we assume that the channels intersect the wells and the intersection locations are known. Our results show that the proposed algorithms are capable of capturing the channel boundaries and describe the permeability variations within the channels using dynamic production history at the wells.  相似文献   

Submerged hydraulic jump with sediment-laden flow     

Mohsen NASRABADI  Mohammad Hossein OMID  Javad FARHOUDI 《国际泥沙研究》2012,27(1):100-110

In this experimental study,the effect of suspended sediment concentration on the characteristics of a submerged hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel has been investigated,based on the sediment conce...  相似文献