Comprehensive numerical analysis of fault‐structure systems – Computation of the large‐scale seismic structural response to a given earthquake scenario –     

T. Ichimura  M. Hori  P. E. Quinay  M. L. L. Wijerathne  T. Suzuki  S. Noguchi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(4):795-811

The seismic structural response is affected by temporal and spatial variations in strong ground motion. It can be evaluated through the fault‐structure system: the fault mechanism, wave propagation through the crust, amplification near the surface, and soil‐structure interaction. To analyze this system at high resolution and accuracy, we previously proposed a new multiscale analysis method and numerically verified its validity. However, the problem of the extremely large computation cost of constructing a three‐dimensional numerical model and solving the discretized governing equations still remains. Here, we introduce a new method to resolve these difficulties. By combining this new method with our multiscale analysis, we developed a tool for fault‐structure system analysis. The accuracy of this tool is verified by comparing it to a Green's function solution. Finally, we demonstrate the potential utility of the method by estimating the seismic response of a large and complex underground highway junction in a given earthquake scenario. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

近40年气候变化及其空间分异的多尺度研究——以内蒙古自治区为例   总被引：27，自引：11，他引：16  

路云阁  李双成  蔡运龙 《地理科学》2004,24(4):432-438

利用小波变换对内蒙古27个气象台站40年(1956~1995)的年平均气温和降水数据进行多尺度分析,结果表明,1956~1958是40年中最冷的年份,20世纪60年代初和90年代初是两个主要的气温升高和降水增加时期。在大时间尺度上,气温和降水基本处于相对高值,气温有逐渐增加趋势,部分气象台站的降水有减少趋势;中小尺度上气温和降水变化具有更多的表现形式,体现在气温冷暖变化和降水多少变化的频率和强度上。内蒙古气温变化的空间分布格局具有明显的沿纬度分布的特征,降水变化基本上体现了一种沿经度分布的空间格局。对内蒙古3~5月气候干湿状况研究表明,20世纪50年代末和80年代初是两个相对湿润时期,1994年后气候最为干燥,大时间尺度存在非常明显的气候由湿润到干燥的变化趋势;中小尺度上干湿状况变化较频繁。  相似文献   

Regional watershed characterization and classification with river network analyses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Cédric Gaucherel  Romain Frelat  Ludovic Salomon  Bastien Rouy  Neha Pandey  Christophe Cudennec 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(13):2068-2081

In order to understand and manage a hydrological region, one usually needs to comprehensively characterize the watersheds (basins) and their river networks. This usually and primarily involves analysis of hydrological and geomorphological properties of the watershed derived from the digital terrain model (DTM), but this approach neglects the information content of the associated river networks. In this study, we used a combination of traditional DTM and original river network‐related indices to the watersheds of an understudied region, Haiti. We also used Monte Carlo simulations to estimate index confidence levels of these indices. Compared to commonly used indices, the network indices provided valuable information that could then be used in statistical analyses as a way to identify the dominant features of the country's watershed morphology. On this basis, we identified four watershed groups in Haiti: (i) high, elongated watersheds, (ii) lowlands, with sinuous networks and relatively slow runoff, (iii) high watersheds with dendritic networks, and (iv) lowlands with high downstream–upstream contrast in properties and rapid runoffs. We argue that river network features provide complementary information in terms of flow topology, highly relevant to characterize contrasting relief countries, such as Haiti. Hence, more exhaustive characterization of watersheds would predictably benefit from the approach outlined in this paper. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

DEM–FEM analysis of soil failure process via the separate edge coupling method          下载免费PDF全文

F. Tu  D. Ling  C. Hu  R. Zhang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(9):1157-1181

The concurrent multiscale method, which couples the discrete element method (DEM) for predicting the local micro‐scale evolution of the soil particle skeleton with the finite element method (FEM) for estimating the remaining macro‐scale continuum deformation, is a versatile tool for modeling the failure process of soil masses. This paper presents the separate edge coupling method, which is degenerated from the generalized bridging domain method and is good at eliminating spurious reflections that are induced by coupling models of different scales, to capture the granular behavior in the domain of interest and to coarsen the mesh to save computational cost in the remaining domain. Cundall non‐viscous damping was used as numerical damping to dissipate the kinetic energy for simulating static failure problems. The proposed coupled DEM–FEM scheme was adopted to model the wave propagation in a 1D steel bar, a soil slope because of the effect of a shallow foundation and a plane‐strain cone penetration test (CPT). The numerical results show that the separate edge coupling method is effective when it is adopted for a problem with Cundall non‐viscous damping; it qualitatively reproduces the failure process of the soil masses and is consistent with the full micro‐scale discrete element model. Stress discontinuity is found in the coupling domain. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analyses of geographical observations in the Heihe River Basin: Perspectives from complexity theory   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Gao  Jianbo  Fang  Peng  Yuan  Lihua 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(9):1441-1461

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Since 2005, dozens of geographical observational stations have been established in the Heihe River Basin (HRB), and by now a large amount of meteorological,...  相似文献   

基于无人机影像和面向对象随机森林算法的岩溶湿地植被识别方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

耿仁方  付波霖  蔡江涛  陈晓雨  蓝斐芜  余杭洺  李青逊 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(8):1295-1306

目前对岩溶湿地的重视程度远低于其他湿地类型,缺乏利用遥感技术进行岩溶湿地植被高精度识别的研究,但岩溶湿地同其他湿地类型一样,湿地面积退化严重,亟待需要解决。因此,本文选取受人类活动影响较大、湿地退化较为严重的广西桂林会仙喀斯特国家湿地公园的部分核心区域作为研究区,以DJI大疆御Mavic Pro无人机航摄影像为数据源,利用泛化能力强、分类精度高的面向对象随机森林算法实现了会仙岩溶湿地植被的高精度分类,探究无人机可见光影像和面向对象随机森林算法在岩溶湿地植被识别中的适用性,为无人机遥感技术应用于岩溶湿地的研究和保护提供技术参考。首先,在eCognition Developer9.0中利用多尺度迭代分割算法对影像图层进行分割;然后,基于以往在进行面向对象分类研究的经验来指导我们进行特征选择,充分考虑了影像的光谱和纹理特征、植被指数、无人机遥感数据派生的研究区数字地表模型（DSM）和几何特征;最后,在RStudio中实现了随机森林算法参数的调优、模型的构建以及分类。结果显示,面向对象随机森林算法对会仙湿地植被具有较高的识别能力,在95%置信区间内总体精度为86.75%,Kappa系数为0.83。在单一典型岩溶湿地植被识别精度中,狗牙根-白茅-水龙植被群丛的用户精度在90%以上,生产者精度高于80%,竹子-马甲子-桂花生产者精度高于80%,但是用户精度较低,仅为70.59%。  相似文献   

Penetration modeling of ultra-high performance concrete using multiscale meshfree methods     

Paul A. Sparks  Jesse A. Sherburn  William F. Heard  Brett A. Williams 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(14):2328-2351

Terminal ballistics of concrete is of extreme importance to the military and civil communities. Over the past few decades, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed for various applications in the design of protective structures because UHPC has an enhanced ballistic resistance over conventional strength concrete. Developing predictive numerical models of UHPC subjected to penetration is critical in understanding the material's enhanced performance. This study employs the advanced fundamental concrete (AFC) model, and it will run inside the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM)-based code known as the nonlinear meshfree analysis program (NMAP). NMAP is advantageous for modeling impact and penetration problems that exhibit extreme deformation and material fragmentation. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to characterize the UHPC. The investigation consisted of fracture toughness testing, the utilization of nondestructive microcomputed tomography analysis, and lastly projectile penetration shots on the UHPC targets. To improve the accuracy of the model, a new scaled damage evolution law (SDEL) is employed within the microcrack informed damage model. During the homogenized macroscopic calculation, the corresponding microscopic cell needs to be dimensionally equivalent to the mesh dimension when the partial differential equation becomes ill posed and strain softening ensues. To ensure arbitrary mesh geometry for which the homogenized stress-strain curves are derived, a size scaling law is incorporated into the homogenized tensile damage evolution law. This ensures energy-bridging equivalence of the microscopic cell to the homogenized medium irrespective of arbitrary mesh geometry. Results of numerical investigations will be compared with results of penetration experiments.  相似文献   

A note on variational multiscale methods for high-contrast heterogeneous porous media flows with rough source terms     

Victor Calo  Juan Galvis 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(9):1177-1185

In this short note, we discuss variational multiscale methods for solving porous media flows in high-contrast heterogeneous media with rough source terms. Our objective is to separate, as much as possible, subgrid effects induced by the media properties from those due to heterogeneous source terms. For this reason, enriched coarse spaces designed for high-contrast multiscale problems are used to represent the effects of heterogeneities of the media. Furthermore, rough source terms are captured via auxiliary correction equations that appear in the formulation of variational multiscale methods [23]. These auxiliary equations are localized and one can use additive or multiplicative constructions for the subgrid corrections as discussed in the current paper. Our preliminary numerical results show that one can capture the effects due to both spatial heterogeneities in the coefficients (such as permeability field) and source terms (e.g., due to singular well terms) in one iteration. We test the cases for both smooth source terms and rough source terms and show that with the multiplicative correction, the numerical approximations are more accurate compared to the additive correction.  相似文献   

总磁异常△T与油气田火山岩展布研究     

高德章 《海洋地质译丛》2011,(4):1-5

东海某油气田研究区分布有火山岩。鉴于火山岩具有磁性这一特征,基于总磁异常△T成果,采用总磁异常△T变倾角化极技术、小波多尺度分解技术,研究了火山岩在该区的展布与厚度。研究结果表明,具备必需的物性、磁性体分布规模等条件,在油气田开发中采用磁测成果研究磁性体展布是可行的。  相似文献   

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