INTEX-B NO2排放源在中国地区的应用与检验          下载免费PDF全文

张敏  边海  韩素芹  张华  崔振雷  朱彬 《气象与环境学报》2012,28(1):65-70

将INTEX-B排放源应用到空气质量模型Model3-CMAQ中,对中国地区对流层NO₂的浓度分布进行了数值模拟,并与OMI卫星对流层NO₂资料进行了对比和验证。结果表明：将INTEX-B排放源应用到Model3-CMAQ模式,模拟的NO₂浓度在中国地区的分布、季节变化规律与卫星资料所得结果一致。敏感性试验表明,工业及电厂排放对NO₂的浓度贡献最大,而交通排放的贡献相对较小,两种排放均主要集中在京津、长江三角洲等经济发达地区。  相似文献   

Numerical estimation of carbonate rock properties using multiscale images          下载免费PDF全文

Mohamed Soufiane Jouini  Sandra Vega  Ahmed Al‐Ratrout 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(2):405-421

Characterizing the pore space of rock samples using three‐dimensional (3D) X‐ray computed tomography images is a crucial step in digital rock physics. Indeed, the quality of the pore network extracted has a high impact on the prediction of rock properties such as porosity, permeability and elastic moduli. In carbonate rocks, it is usually very difficult to find a single image resolution which fully captures the sample pore network because of the heterogeneities existing at different scales. Hence, to overcome this limitation a multiscale analysis of the pore space may be needed. In this paper, we present a method to estimate porosity and elastic properties of clean carbonate (without clay content) samples from 3D X‐ray microtomography images at multiple resolutions. We perform a three‐phase segmentation to separate grains, pores and unresolved porous phase using 19 μm resolution images of each core plug. Then, we use images with higher resolution (between 0.3 and 2 μm) of microplugs extracted from the core plug samples. These subsets of images are assumed to be representative of the unresolved phase. We estimate the porosity and elastic properties of each sample by extrapolating the microplug properties to the whole unresolved phase. In addition, we compute the absolute permeability using the lattice Boltzmann method on the microplug images due to the low resolution of the core plug images. In order to validate the results of the numerical simulations, we compare our results with available laboratory measurements at the core plug scale. Porosity average simulations for the eight samples agree within 13%. Permeability numerical predictions provide realistic values in the range of experimental data but with a higher relative error. Finally, elastic moduli show the highest disagreements, with simulation error values exceeding 150% for three samples.  相似文献   

地震立体层析成像的实现方法及效果分析     

金昌昆  张建中 《CT理论与应用研究》2014,(6):939-950

立体层析成像是一种新的地震反射波层析成像方法,能为叠前深度偏移提供较为精确的宏观速度模型。本文研究了立体层析成像的实现方法,包括斜率与走时数据的拾取、离散速度模型构建和初始化、射线参数的确定、斜率和走时及射线计算以及反演问题解法等,建立立体层析成像的算法流程。并通过对Marmousi模型试验,对立体层析成像运行所需的主要参数,如初始速度模型、拾取数据量、离散网格尺寸、速度平滑权重等进行测试和分析,总结这些不同参数对立体层析反演结果的影响规律,用以指导生产实践。  相似文献   

模拟三维裂纹问题的多尺度扩展有限元法     

王振  余天堂 《岩土力学》2014,35(9):2702-2708

扩展有限元法模拟裂纹时独立于网格,因此该方法是目前求解裂纹问题最有效的数值方法。为了在计算代价不大的情况,实现大型结构分析中考虑小裂纹或提高裂纹附近精度,在裂纹附近一般采用小尺度单元,其他区域采用大尺度单元。提出了分析三维裂纹问题的多尺度扩展有限元法,在需要的地方采用小尺度单元。基于点插值构造了六面体任意节点单元。所有尺度单元都采用8节点六面体单元,这样六面体任意节点单元可方便有效地连接不同尺度单元。采用互作用积分法计算三维应力强度因子。边裂纹和中心圆裂纹算例分析结果表明,该方法是正确和有效的。  相似文献   

面向对象的多特征分级CVA遥感影像变化检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵敏  赵银娣 《遥感学报》2018,22(1):119-131

变化矢量分析CVA方法在中低分辨率遥感影像变化检测中已得到广泛应用,但由于高分辨率遥感影像存在不同地物尺度差异大、不同类别地物光谱相互重叠的问题,因此对于高分影像的变化检测具有局限性。为提高高分影像变化检测精度,提出了一种面向对象的多特征分级CVA变化检测方法,首先,利用基于区域邻接图的影像分割方法分别对两时相遥感影像进行多尺度分割,提取分割图斑的光谱、纹理和形状特征;然后,在各级尺度下,分别运用随机森林方法进行特征选择,计算CVA变化强度图;最后,根据信息熵对多级变化强度图进行自适应融合,利用Otsu阈值法检测变化区域,并与仅考虑光谱特征的分级CVA变化检测方法、像元级多特征CVA变化检测方法以及仅考虑光谱特征的像元级CVA变化检测方法进行比较分析。实验表明:与比较方法相比,本文方法的变化检测精度较高,误检率和漏检率较低。  相似文献   

基于多尺度小波特征的高光谱影像亚像素目标识别     

路威  余旭初  杨国鹏  马永刚 《海洋测绘》2005,25(2):21-25

提出了一种基于多分辨率小波高频特征系数的高光谱遥感影像亚像素目标识别方法。首先利用多尺度小波变换将光谱信号分解为不同尺度的高频特征信号,然后借助接收操作特性曲线(ROC)和马氏距离投影寻踪求取一维最佳识别特征,最后通过高斯最大似然决策函数求解亚像素目标的存在概率。通过38种小波函数的高光谱数据实验证明,该方法对亚像素目标的识别效果较好。  相似文献   

Multiscale modeling of large deformation in geomechanics     

Weijian Liang  Jidong Zhao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(5):1080-1114

Large deformation soil behavior underpins the operation and performance for a wide range of key geotechnical structures and needs to be properly considered in their modeling, analysis, and design. The material point method (MPM) has gained increasing popularity recently over conventional numerical methods such as finite element method (FEM) in tackling large deformation problems. In this study, we present a novel hierarchical coupling scheme to integrate MPM with discrete element method (DEM) for multiscale modeling of large deformation in geomechanics. The MPM is employed to treat a typical boundary value problem that may experience large deformation, and the DEM is used to derive the nonlinear material response from small strain to finite strain required by MPM for each of its material points. The proposed coupling framework not only inherits the advantages of MPM in tackling large deformation engineering problems over the use of FEM (eg, no need for remeshing to avoid mesh distortion in FEM), but also helps avoid the need for complicated, phenomenological assumptions on constitutive material models for soil exhibiting high nonlinearity at finite strain. The proposed framework lends great convenience for us to relate rich grain-scale information and key micromechanical mechanisms to macroscopic observations of granular soils over all deformation levels, from initial small-strain stage en route to large deformation regime before failure. Several classic geomechanics examples are used to demonstrate the key features the new MPM/DEM framework can offer on large deformation simulations, including biaxial compression test, rigid footing, soil-pipe interaction, and soil column collapse.  相似文献   

GPU ray casting method for visualizing 3D pipelines in a virtual globe     

Zhaocong Wu  Jie Shao  Guohui Deng 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2019,12(4):428-441

Pipelines are an important part of urban infrastructure development. As part of a virtual globe (VG), the high-efficiency and high-quality visualization of 3D large-scale and high-density urban pipelines is of great importance. This paper proposes a GPU-based pipeline ray casting method for the visualization of urban-scale pipelines in the framework of a VG. The method involves the initial partitioning of the pipeline data into tiles, based on the relationship between the pipeline layer scale and the discrete global grid system (DGGSs). The pipeline centerline in each tile is then segmented and encoded, and a coarser pipeline bounding volume is subsequently constructed using a geometry shader. Finally, the fine 3D pipeline is rendered using a pixel shader. The results of the experimental implementation of the proposed method show that it satisfies the requirements for the multiscale visualization of pipelines in a VG. Moreover, compared with the traditional polygon-based method, the method facilitates a 20% increase in rendering frame rate for the same pixel level accuracy display effect. It also enables the visualization of the thickness of the 3D pipeline without any obvious effect on the rendering efficiency.  相似文献   

Network-constrained bivariate clustering method for detecting urban black holes and volcanoes     

Qiliang Liu  Zhihui Wu  Wenkai Liu  Yaolin Liu 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(10):1903-1929

ABSTRACT

Urban black holes and volcanoes are typical traffic anomalies that are useful for optimizing urban planning and maintaining public safety. It is still challenging to detect arbitrarily shaped urban black holes and volcanoes considering the network constraints with less prior knowledge. This study models urban black holes and volcanoes as bivariate spatial clusters and develops a network-constrained bivariate clustering method for detecting statistically significant urban black holes and volcanoes with irregular shapes. First, an edge-expansion strategy is proposed to construct the network-constrained neighborhoods without the time-consuming calculation of the network distance between each pair of objects. Then, a network-constrained spatial scan statistic is constructed to detect urban black holes and volcanoes, and a multidirectional optimization method is developed to identify arbitrarily shaped urban black holes and volcanoes. Finally, the statistical significance of multiscale urban black holes and volcanoes is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed method is compared with three state-of-the-art methods using both simulated data and Beijing taxicab spatial trajectory data. The comparison shows that the proposed method can detect urban black holes and volcanoes more accurately and completely and is useful for detecting spatiotemporal variations of traffic anomalies.  相似文献   

MS-VSCN:用于影像匹配的多尺度视觉相似度比较网络     

彭锦超  万刚  李科  李锋 《测绘科学技术学报》2021,38(1):56-63

影像匹配在多种计算机视觉任务中起着重要的作用。提出一种用于影像匹配的多尺度视觉相似度比较网络。该网络基于孪生网络结构进行构建,将普通卷积与空洞卷积进行融合,使得卷积神经网络在多个尺度上提取到的视觉特征实现互补。首先,网络的输入由两幅待匹配的影像组成,使用权值共享的两个网络分支分别提取两幅影像的深度特征;其次,在网络中与每个普通卷积模块平行设置一个或多个空洞卷积模块,得到的特征经过融合后输入下一个网络层进行特征提取;最后,根据网络输出特征间的欧氏距离对影像的相似度进行比较,从而完成影像匹配关系的判别。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在测试数据集上的性能优于对比方法,能够有效地完成影像匹配任务。  相似文献