大柴旦盐湖夏季组成卤水的天然蒸发（含硼海水型盐湖卤水的天然蒸发）   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

高世扬  柳大纲 《盐湖研究》1996,(Z1)

在进行大集里盐湖夏季组成卤水的天然蒸发实验中确定，该卤水的蒸发结晶路线不是按照Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｍｇ（２＋）／／Ｃ１－、ＳＯ４（２－）──Ｈ２Ｏ体系２５℃平衡溶解度相图，而是按照该体系的介稳相图预示的亚稳过程进行。从天然蒸发过程中盐卤的浓缩倍数与浓缩卤水中硼富集倍数的一致性认为，盐卤在天然蒸发浓缩业折过程中硼酸盐一般地并不以固体业形式析出，而是赋存于浓缩卤水中。  相似文献   

山东南四湖水面蒸发实验研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

洪嘉琏  杜占德 《地理研究》1996,15(3):42-49

本文根据山东南四湖蒸发站1985-1990年的实验资料,分析了水面蒸发与气象因子、水体面积、水体深度、蒸发器结构和安装方式的关系,以及20m²蒸发池与各类型蒸发器蒸发量的关系,同时还分析了20m²池蒸发量的昼夜变化、年内变化、年际变化的特征。  相似文献   

盐湖卤水的蒸发结晶过程   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3  

陈敬清  刘子琴 《盐湖研究》1994,2(1):43-51

本文从实验和理论相结合的角度上，总结了三十多年我国数十个盐湖等温蒸发和天然蒸发研究结果和研究经验，概括了三种类型盐湖卤水蒸发结晶的规律性，推荐了卤水蒸发结晶的相化学基础数据．对氯化物型卤水，由于介稳程度小，可采用Ｚｄａｎｏｖｓｋｉｉ推荐的四元体系Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｍｇ（２＋）∥Ｃｌ－—Ｈ２Ｏ平衡相图进行太阳池工艺计算；对于硫酸盐型卤水，宜用金作美五元体系Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｍｇ（２＋）∥Ｃｌ－、ＳＯ，－Ｈ２Ｏ介稳相图，而不是Ｖａｎ’ｔＨｏｆｆ平衡相图；对于后期，锂盐高度浓缩，宜用我们的四元体系Ｌｉ＋、Ｍｇ（２＋）∥Ｃｌ－、ＳＯ－Ｈ２Ｏ介稳相因；对于碳酸盐型盐湖卤水，可用我们的五元体系Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋∥Ｃｌ－、ＣＯ、ＳＯ－Ｈ２Ｏ介稳相图作为相化学基础，而不是Ｔｅｅｐｌｅ平衡相图．从相平衡热力学角度上，实现了对卤水蒸发结晶过程的理论描述、计算和预测．其中对一里坪、达布逊、东台吉乃尔、西台吉乃尔等盐湖卤水的研究结果尚属首次报道．  相似文献   

Mapping of Land-Atmosphere Heat Fluxes and Surface Parameters with Remote Sensing Data   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Francesca Caparrini  Fabio Castelli  Dara Entekhabi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,107(3):605-633

A variational data assimilation scheme is used to infer two key parameters ofthe surface energy balance that control the partitioning of available energy intolatent, sensible, and ground heat fluxes (LE, H, and G). Remotely sensedland surface temperature (LST) is the principal data source. Maps ofdiurnal energy balance components are presented for a basin with varied landcover (Arno Basin, Italy) for a 18-day period in July 1996.Given available energy, the major unknown (dimensionless) parameters requiredfor partitioning among fluxes are: (1) Landscape effects on near-surfaceturbulence as captured by the bulk heat transfer coefficient C_BN underneutral conditions and (2) surface control of the relative magnitudes of LEand H as represented by the evaporative fraction E_F. The data assimilationscheme merges 1.1-km resolution remotely sensed LST images (based onoptical, thermal and microwave measurements from two different satelliteplatforms) into a parsimonious model of heat diffusion. Both the measurementsand the model predictions are considered uncertain. Posterior error statisticsthat represent uncertainty of the estimated parameters are also derived.Maps of C_BN show spatial patterns consistent with the dominant land useand basin physiography. Daily maps of E_F exhibit spatial variationscorresponding to land cover and land use – the day-to-day variations inE_F show fluctuations consistent with rain events and drydowns experiencedduring the period. Based on these parameters and available environmentalvariables, maps of diurnal LE and H may be produced (in this paper daytimeLE maps are reported).The application demonstrates that remotely sensed land surface temperaturesequences contain significant amount of information of the partitioning ofavailable energy among the fluxes. The variational data assimilation frameworkis shown to be an efficient and parsimonious approach without reliance onempirical relationships such as those based on vegetation indices.  相似文献   

尕斯库勒盐湖卤水模拟自然蒸发试验研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王丽娜  许建新  闵秀云  王亚静 《盐湖研究》2011,19(3):26-30

尕斯库勒湖是柴达木盆地众盐湖中较为典型的硫酸镁亚型盐湖。利用相图规律对该盐湖卤水自然蒸发的结晶路线进行了分析,并通过室内模拟自然蒸发试验进行了验证,最终获得了在自然条件下蒸发卤水分步结晶不同盐类的工艺路线,可为该盐湖资源综合利用提供依据。  相似文献   

Assesing the effect of an olive mill wastewater evaporation pond in Sousse, Tunisia     

Rakia S’habou  Moncef Zairi  Amjed Kallel  Abdelwaheb Aydi  Hamed Ben Dhia 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(3):679-686

Olive oil is a typical and valuable agro-industrial product in Mediterranean countries. In Tunisia, olive mill wastewaters (OMW) reach an amount of about 1,000,000 t year⁻¹ and constitute a serious organic pollution risk because of the high chemical oxygen demand values and the presence of phytotoxic and antibacterial polyphenols. OMW have been generally stored in pond sites to be eliminated by natural evaporation or valorised by spreading on cultivated soils or by composting. Many researches on the interactions of OMW with soils at laboratory scale (columns) have been reported, but less attention have been paid to the effect of OMW on soils at field scale. The aim of this work is to investigate an area used for >15 years as an uncontrolled OMW pond site. The transformations of soil properties and groundwater occurring during OMW storage were characterised by the pH, phenolic contents, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content and organic contents. The soil samples were taken from two borings and compared to those of a control one located near the pond site. Groundwater samples were taken on the accessible and nearest water wells to the evaporation ponds. The permeable silty and sandy layers in the site support the infiltration of OMW near the evaporation ponds. This infiltration has reached a depth of 6 m at a distance of almost 50 m laterally. The results show that the OMW infiltration in the subsoil has affected the pH, EC, organic content, phenolic compounds and the moisture.  相似文献   

南海蒸发和净淡水通量的季节和年际变化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曾丽丽  施平  王东晓  陈举 《地球物理学报》2009,52(4):929-938

以19年（1988～2006年）的SSM/I（Special Sensor Microwave/ Imager）卫星观测为基础,计算了南海的逐月海面蒸发量,并结合SSM/I的降雨观测,得到了南海的逐月净淡水通量,并分析其季节和年际变化.研究结果表明：南海的蒸发量年变化基本呈双峰型结构,降雨和净淡水通量呈单峰型结构.1988～2001年,南海的蒸发量呈上升趋势,增长速率为1 mm/yr;2001～2006年,以1.9 mm/yr的速率减少.南海的降雨量和净淡水通量与Nino3指数成负相关,相关系数为-0.62和-0.58.在1997～1998厄尔尼诺暖事件期间,降雨量和净淡水通量均显著下降,且以其为界,降雨量在此之前以1.3 mm/yr的速率增长,净淡水通量升降趋势不明显;而在此之后,降雨以8.5 mm/yr的速率下降,净淡水通量的下降速率为7.5 mm/yr.  相似文献   

The hydrology of the proglacial zone of a high-Arctic glacier (Finsterwalderbreen, Svalbard): Atmospheric and surface water fluxes     

Richard Hodgkins  Richard Cooper  Jemma Wadham  Martyn Tranter 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,378(1-2):150-160

  相似文献   

Water losses in arid and semi-arid zone: Evaporation, evapotranspiration and seepage     

MUPENZI Jean de la Paix  NGAMIJE Jean  ACHAL Verenyam  HABIYAREMYE Gabriel  HABUMUGISHA Jean de Dieu 《山地科学学报》2012,9(2):256-261

The primary purpose of this study was to assess water losses by evapotranspiration, evaporation and seepage in arid zone.Normally, evaporation and seepage are the main causes of water losses.For modeling water losses,a combination of Genetic Programming(GP),Penman-Monteith(PM) and Penman combination model for measurement of evapotranspiration,evaporation and seepage has been developed.The results were found to be varying depending on how the evaporation and seepage phenomena are modeled.These results show that that there is an improvement in reducing evapotranspiration,evaporation and seepage losses in arid and semi-arid region.  相似文献   

黔东南气温变化对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响分析     

顾欣  康为民  龙先菊  张艳梅 《高原气象》2012,31(6):1761-1766

利用1980-2010年黔东南地区16个地面气象站逐月实测资料,采用灰色关联度方法分析了蒸发皿蒸发量对各气象要素的影响程度,通过经验正交函数分解方法(EOF)提取了第一特征向量场的时间系数并进行了Mann-Kendall突变检验和线性倾向估计分析,以及利用非线性回归方法建立数理模型确定气温变化对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响等。结果表明,黔东南地区的蒸发皿蒸发量与气温、湿度、降水量等因子有关系,并与气温的关系最为密切;同时,该地区气温出现了明显的升温趋势,即20世纪90年代中期是该地区年气温突变的关键时期,其气温倾向率为0.25℃.(10a)-1,通过了α=0.05显著性水平检验;在气温升高1℃的情况下,蒸发皿蒸发量增加了5.93%～8.04%,并自东向西逐渐递减,与海拔呈反相关关系。  相似文献