Distribution Characteristics of Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crust Resources on Submarine Seamounts in the Western Pacific   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHANG Fuyuan  ZHANG Weiyan  ZHU Kechao  GAO Shuitu  ZHANG Haisheng  ZHANG Xiaoyu  ZHU Benduo 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(4):796-803

Based on the survey data of five submarine seamount provinces （chains） in the Western Pacific, the distribution characteristics of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crust resources have been researched in this paper by using the relative reference data and applying the theories of hotspot and seafloor spreading. The main research results obtained are as follows： The Co-rich crust thickness in the study area is gradually increasing from east to west and from south to north having a negative correlation （r = -0.59） with longitude and a positive correlation （r = 0.48） with latitude. The crust thickness varying along longitude and latitude is influenced by the hotspot and seafloor spreading. The oceanic crusts and seamounts in the northwest part of the study area are older, and the crust resources are superior to those in the southeast part. In the depth of 〈1500 m, 1500-2000 m, 2000-2500 m in the study area, the cobalt crust thickness is respectively 5.45 cm, 4.34 cm and 3.55 cm, and in the depth of 2500-3000 m and 3000-3500 m, it drops respectively to 2.84 cm and 3.37 cm. The Co-rich crust resources are mainly concentrated in the seamount summit margins and the upper flanks in the depth of 〈2500 m. There is a strong negative correlation （r = -0.67） between the cobalt crust abundance and the slope of the seamount, 75 kg/m^2 and 50 kg/mz at the slopes of 0°-20° and 20°-34° respectively. Cobalt crusts are mainly distributed in the parts whose slopes are less than 20°. It is consistent with the fractal result that the slope threshold of cobalt crust distribution is 19°, and slopes over 20° are not conducive to the crust growth. The cobalt crusts of high grade are mainly enriched in the region within 150°E-140°W and 30°S-30°N in the Pacific, where there are about 587 seamounts at the depth of 3500- 6000 m and over 30 Ma of the oceanic crusts. The perspective area rich in cobalt crust resources is about 41×104 km^2 and the resource quantity is approximately 27 billion tons.  相似文献   

大陆岩石圈地幔定年   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴福元  杨进辉  储著银  谢烈文  杨岳衡  李秋立 《地学前缘》2007,14(2):76-86

大陆岩石圈地幔是伴随地壳熔体抽取而形成的低密度地幔残留,是联系软流圈与地壳的重要纽带。虽然大陆岩石圈地幔一直是固体地球科学研究的重要内容,但对其形成时代的准确厘定则是当前研究的难点。传统方法是采用岩石圈地幔中橄榄岩主要元素的贫瘠程度来对岩石圈进行定年,即古老的岩石圈地幔Al2O3和CaO含量低,而MgO含量高(同时导致橄榄石高Fo值),而年轻岩石圈地幔的特征正好相反。显然,这种间接的方法不能给出确切的年龄信息。尽管Sr-Nd和锆石U-Pb等同位素方法也被用来进行地幔橄榄岩定年,但岩石圈地幔通常具有的较高温度使上述同位素体系不能保持封闭,因而给出的年龄大多与岩石圈地幔的形成时代无关。近几年发展起来的Re-Os同位素技术是目前进行岩石圈地幔定年的最理想工具,但也存在一系列需要研究的问题。文中对这一方法的基本原理、发展现状和存在的问题进行了全面的介绍。同时,根据目前获得的Os同位素资料,对中国东部岩石圈地幔的时代进行了讨论,并简要论述所获得的资料对岩石圈减薄研究的启示。  相似文献   

Re-Os同位素体系理论及其应用   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

吴福元  孙德有 《地质科技情报》1999,18(3):43-46

由于Ｒｅ,Ｏｓ独特的地球化学性质,Ｒｅ－Ｏｓ同位素体系可以用来确定特定矿床的形成年龄,特别为金属矿床形成时代的研究开辟了新的途径,同时,由于Ｒｅ,Ｏｓ的元素相容性不同,导致不同地球化学储源库具有不同的Ｏｓ同位素特征,特别是地壳和地幔具有截然不同的Ｏｓ同位素特征,据此可以用来讨论不同类型矿产质和岩浆的来源。  相似文献   

中国东部中生代岩浆作用与岩石圈减薄   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

吴福元  孙德有 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1999,(4)

对中国东部新生代玄武岩及其包体的Ｓｒ Ｎｄ 同位素资料的总结表明,中国东部现今岩石圈地幔具有强烈亏损性质,现今岩石圈地幔是新生的。岩石圈减薄主要发生在中生代晚期,并与中国东部大面积、强烈的中生代岩浆活动在时间上相对应,且具有自西向东岩石圈减薄逐渐增强的趋势。分析表明,中生代期间印度洋型软流圈地幔的侵入与中国东部的岩石圈减薄密切相关。  相似文献   

大兴安岭中生代玄武岩的地球化学特征：壳幔相互作用的证据   总被引：67，自引：26，他引：41  

葛文春  林强 《岩石学报》1999,15(3):396-407

大兴安岭中生代玄武岩类由北区碱性系列岩石和南区亚碱性系列岩石组成, 主要活动时期为晚侏罗世至早白垩世, 在时间、空间上显示大体呈北北东向展布的环状 “热向斜构造”。北区碱性系列岩石高度富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素, 其丰度类似于板内碱性玄武岩, 但明显亏损高场强元素这一特点又类似于火山弧钙碱性玄武岩。南区亚碱性系列岩石强烈亏损高场强元素的特征类似于火山弧钙碱性玄武岩, 但轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素富集程度又类似于洋中脊拉斑玄武岩和岛弧拉斑玄武岩。显然, 大兴安岭中生代玄武岩系列显示地球化学双重性, 也就是既有板内特征又有火山弧特征, 既有富集特征又有亏损特征。这种地球化学双重性表明, 大兴安岭地区存在若干不同性质的地幔源： 富集性的、亏损性的、过渡性的地幔源。解释一个地区存在多元地幔源区模式的最佳方案是地幔柱。这种包含富集成分和亏损成分的地幔柱源区的形成是与古生代地质时期古亚洲域闭合过程中俯冲洋壳与亏损地幔相互作用的动力学、地球化学过程有关。  相似文献   

东北地区显生宙花岗岩的成因与地壳增生   总被引：141，自引：54，他引：87  

吴福元  孙德有 《岩石学报》1999,15(2):181-189

东北地区显生宙花岗岩极为发育,特别是中生代印支—燕山期岩体分布面积巨大,可称之为巨型花岗岩省。其主要的成因类型是Ｉ－分异型和Ａ－型,而Ｓ－型花岗岩极为少见。区域地质分析表明,这些花岗岩的主体是在古亚洲域洋壳消失后形成的,其成因与由大量板块俯冲而导致的区域深部热异常或地幔柱有关。从地球化学特点上看,这些花岗岩主要表现为低的初始锶（ＩＳｒ≈０．７０５）和高初始钕（εＮｄ（ｔ）＞０,显示其形成与地幔关系密切。对其年轻的钕模式年龄（ｔＤＭ＜１０００Ｍａ）的分析表明,地质历史上的新元古代－显生宙也是地壳增生的重要时期;同时,垂向增生也是地壳生长的重要机制。  相似文献   

Important crustal growth in the Phanerozoic: Isotopic evidence of granitoids from east-central Asia   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  

Bor-ming Jahn  Fuyuan Wu  Dawei Hong 《Journal of Earth System Science》2000,109(1):5-20

The growth of the continental crust is generally believed to have been essentially completed in the Precambrian, and the amount of juvenile crust produced in the Phanerozoic is considered insignificant. Such idea of negligible growth in the Phanerozoic is now challenged by the revelation of very large volume of juvenile crust produced in the period of 500 to 100 Ma in several orogenic belts. While appreciable volumes of juvenile terranes in North America (Canadian Cordillera, Sierra Nevada and Peninsular Range, Appalachians) have been documented based on Nd isotopic data, the mass of new crust formed in the East-Central Asian Orogenic Belt (ECAOB), eastern part of the Altaid Tectonic Collage, appears to be much greater than the above terranes combined. New and published Nd-Sr isotope data indicate that the Phanerozoic granitoids from the southern belt of the ECAOB (Xinjiang-West Mongolia-Inner Mongolia-NE China) as well as from Mongolia and Transbaikalia were generated from sources dominated by a depleted mantle component. These granitoids represent a significant growth of juvenile crust in the Phanerozoic. Although most plutons in this huge orogenic belt belong to the calc-alkaline series, the ECAOB is also characterized by the emplacement of voluminous A-type granites. The origin of these rocks is probably multiple and is still widely debated. However, the isotopic data (Sr-Nd-O) and trace element abundance patterns of A-type granites from the ECAOB clearly indicate their mantle origin. The evolution of the ECAOB and the entire Altaid Collage is most likely related to successive accretion of arc complexes. However, the emplacement of a large volume of post-tectonic A-type granites requires another mechanism—probably through a series of processes including underplating of massive basaltic magma, partial melting of these basic rocks to produce granitic liquids, followed by extensive fractional crystallization. The proportion of juvenile to recycled, as well as that of arc-related to plume-generated, continental crust remains to be evaluated by more systematic dating and isotope tracer studies.  相似文献   

路南石林地区土壤空气中CO2 浓度分布规律与土下溶蚀形态研究   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

梁福源  宋林华  王富昌  郑炳元  张丽萍 《中国岩溶》2000,19(2):180-187

研究了路南石林地区不同植被、石灰岩表面溶沟内土壤空气中CO2 浓度的分布规律及石牙- 土壤接触带土壤空气CO2 浓度。讨论了土下溶蚀形态特征与土壤CO2 浓度分布规律间的对应关系。研究表明,土下溶蚀形态主要发育在土下0. 20～ 0. 60m 处,与土壤空气CO2浓度分布规律相吻合;不同植被对土壤CO2 浓度的影响次序为: 人工草坪> 柏树林> 天然草被> 松林> 无植被耕地;有土溶沟中土壤水的溶蚀能力比无土壤溶沟水高出一倍到几倍;与CO2 处于动力平衡的土壤水的潜蚀能力达到73. 242～ 202. 275mg /l。   相似文献   

深海柱样粒度分维特征及其古海洋学意义     

章伟艳  殷汝广  张富元  卢冰  陈荣华 《海洋通报》2005,24(1):41-46,55

对南海69柱样粒度数据分析表明,晚更新世以来,粒度在0,2～11um的标度范围内具有分形特征,粒度分维值为1．72～2．02,平均1．84。与同期亚北极B2-9柱地层对比,69柱粒度分维值明显比B2—9柱的高,B2—9柱的粒度在0,2～16um标度范围内具有分形特征,粒度分维值为1.74～1．79,平均1．77。同一柱样不同时期粒度分维值明显不同,南海69柱氧同位素1期(冰后期)为1．88,氧同位素2期(冰期)为1．81,温暖的冰后期粒度分维值高且变化幅度大,寒冷的冰期粒度分维值低且变化幅度小,表明粒度分维值对沉积物的形成环境演化具有良好的指示意义。  相似文献   

Sunspot groups at high latitude     

Li Kejun  Gu Xiaoma  Xiang Fuyuan  Liu Xiaohua  Chen Xuekun 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,317(4):897-901

Data of sunspot groups at high latitude (35°), from the year 1874 to the present (2000 January), are collected to show their evolutional behaviour and to investigate features of the yearly number of sunspot groups at high latitude. Subsequently, an evolutional pattern of sunspot group number at high latitude is given in this paper. Results obtained show that the number of sunspot groups of a solar cycle at high latitude rises to a maximum value about 1 yr earlier than the time of the maximum of sunspot relative numbers of the solar cycle, and then falls to zero more rapidly. The results also show that, at the moment, solar activity described by the sunspot relative numbers has not yet reached its minimum. In general, sunspot groups at high latitude have not appeared on the solar disc during the last 3 yr of a Wolf solar cycle. The asymmetry of the high latitude sunspot group number of a Wolf solar cycle can reflect the asymmetry of solar activity in the Wolf solar cycle, and it is suggested that one could further use the high latitude sunspot group number during the rising time of a Wolf solar cycle, maximum year included, to judge the asymmetry of solar activity over the whole solar cycle.  相似文献