程各庄断裂断层泥显微结构特征及其断裂活动性探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张秉良  方仲景 《华北地震科学》1996,14(4):31-39

程各庄断裂是马坊－夏垫断裂带北段的一条东分支断裂，根据其断层泥的显微结构，石英碎屑ＳＥＭ特征，热释光年龄综合分析，结果表明，该断裂不同区段的最新活动都是以粘滑迷主，但各个区段不同地质时期其活动方式和强度不同。  相似文献   

断层泥显微结构特征与断层滑动习性的研究     

张秉良  方仲景  向宏发  段瑞涛 《华南地震》1996,(4)

天然断层中普遍存在含有粘土矿物的断层泥，大量的实验研究和野外观察证实，不同应变速率的变形作用在断层泥中留下了特殊的显微构造特征（如褶皱、眼球状构造和膝折等）。因此，我们可以根据断层泥的变形特征，来推测变形时断层的滑动方式和次序。尽管这一方面的研究还处于探索阶段，但它可能将成为研究活断层的一个新途径。  相似文献   

江西武功山东区大型韧性剪切带的显微构造特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

吉磊 《地质科学》1995,30(1):95-103

武功山东区存在一条大型韧性剪切带。鞘褶皱倒向以及旋转变形构造(如S-C面理组构、旋转碎斑系、雪球构造和粒内显微破裂构造等)显示此剪切带为由南向北逆冲推覆性质。砾石、黄铁矿还原斑和石英斑晶的有限应变分析表明剪切带西段和东段岩石分别以收缩型椭球和压扁型椭球变形为特征。剪切带的主要变形时代是早古生代,可能与早古生代华夏陆块和扬子陆块之间的碰撞造山作用有关。  相似文献   

满城冰雹微结构的观测研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王雨曾  陈越华 《气象学报》1994,52(4):460-469

根据河北满城１９８６—１９９０年４０００多个冰雹样品和８４３个冰雹切片的观测资料，对冰雹微结构特征（即冰雹胚胎、层次、冰晶和气泡）进行了统计分析，并推论出冰雹生长（即环境温度和海拔高度）的情况。  相似文献   

大别山北部糜棱岩中石英的高温应变   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈晶  王清晨 《地质科学》1995,30(4):432-435

超高压变质岩的发现导致了人们对大别山构造格架的重新认识。最近的研究表明,超高压变质岩只产于大别山南部(Wang et al., 1992),而北部为古生代岛弧杂岩所占据,晓天-磨子潭断裂即为这些杂岩的北界(Wang et al., 1994)。晓天-磨子潭断裂作为左行走滑断裂已经得到公认,但笔者对该断裂南侧糜棱岩的研究表明,其并非左行走滑产物,而是早期变形的构造形迹。本文旨在分析这些糜棱岩中石英的显微构造,进而揭示其早期构造变形特征。  相似文献   

Microstructures, petrofabrics and seismic properties of ultra high-pressure eclogites from Sulu region, China: implications for rheology of subducted continental crust and origin of mantle reflections   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shaocheng Ji  Kazuko Saruwatari  David Mainprice  Richard Wirth  Zhiqin Xu  Bin Xia 《Tectonophysics》2003,370(1-4):49-76

Ultra high-pressure (UHP) eclogites from Sulu region (China) represent mafic components of the continental crust, which were first subducted to mantle depths greater than 100 km and then exhumed to the earth's surface. Detailed investigation of microstructures, chemical compositions, petrofabrics and seismic properties of the UHP eclogites can provide important information on the operating deformation mechanisms and rheology of subducted continental crust and on the origin of seismic reflections within the upper mantle. We present here results from field, optical and TEM observations, electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements and numerical computations of the seismic properties of UHP eclogites collected from fresh surface outcrops at the drill site (Maobei, Donghai County, Jiangsu Province) of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD). Two types of eclogites have been distinguished: Type-1 (coarse-grained) eclogites deformed by recovery-accommodated dislocation creep at the peak metamorphic conditions, and Type-2 (fine-grained) eclogites which are composed of reworked Type-1 materials during recrystallization-accommodated dislocation creep in shear zones which were active during the exhumation of the UHP metamorphic rocks. Both garnet and omphacite in these eclogites deformed plastically and the flow strength contrast between these two constituent minerals is apparently much less than an order of magnitude under the UHP metamorphic conditions. Plasticity of eclogites under UHP conditions can effectively facilitate channeled flow along the interplate shear zone. The preservation of the relict crustal materials within the continental lithosphere may produce regionally extensive, strong, seismic reflections in the upper mantle. This may explain the origin of mantle reflections observed in many areas of the world.  相似文献   

Orientation,composition, and entrapment conditions of fluid inclusions in the footwall of the northern Snake Range detachment,Nevada     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

Footwall rocks of the northern Snake Range detachment fault (Hampton and Hendry's Creeks) offer exposures of quartzite mylonites (sub-horizontal foliation) that were permeated by surface fluids. An S–C–C′ mylonitic fabric is defined by dynamically recrystallized quartz and mica. Electron backscatter diffraction analyses indicate a strong preferred orientation of quartz that is overprinted by two sets of sub-vertical, ESE and NNE striking fractures. Analyses of sets of three perpendicular thin sections indicate that fluid inclusions (FIs) are arranged according to macroscopic fracture patterns. FIs associated with NNE and ESE-striking fractures coevally trapped unmixed CO₂ and H₂O-rich fluids at conditions near the critical CO₂–H₂O solvus, giving minimum trapping conditions of T = 175–200 °C and ∼100 MPa H₂O-rich FIs trapped along ESE-trending microcracks in single crystals of quartz may have been trapped at conditions as low as 150 °C and 50 MPa indicating the latest microfracturing and annealing of quartz in an overall extensional system. Results suggest that the upper crust was thin (4–8 km) during FI trapping and had an elevated geotherm (>50 °C/km). Footwall rocks that have been exhumed through the brittle-ductile transition in such extensional systems experience both brittle and crystal-plastic deformation that may allow for circulation of meteoric fluids and grain-scale fluid–rock interactions.  相似文献   

剪切作用下断层泥的SEM显微结构特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

郝全明  白豹  孙晶 《江苏地质》2011,35(2):177-182

在模拟断层泥的摩擦实验基础上,对辉长岩的2种主要组成矿物斜长石和辉石实验后的标本进行了SEM显微结构的观察与分析,以期从实验室角度去理解下地壳断层活动的性质和特点。斜长石模拟断层泥剪切带中边界剪切面、R1和Y剪切面比较发育,P、R2和X剪切面不发育;辉石剪切带中仅边界剪切面与R1面较为发育。然而,2种主要矿物究竟如何影响辉长岩滑动特性的问题,仍有待进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

纤维加筋土中筋/土界面相互作用的微观研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

唐朝生  施斌  顾凯 《工程地质学报》2011,19(4):610-614

纤维与土体界面之间的相互作用对纤维加筋效果有着重要的影响,了解接触面之间力的产生和传递过程对合理有效地利用纤维改良土体的工程性质有着重要的意义.为了研究聚丙烯纤维在不同的土介质中筋/土界面间的微观力学作用机理,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别分析了纤维在素土、水泥土和石灰土中的表面形态学特征及接触面之间力的产生和传递过...  相似文献   

Compressive strength and microstructural analysis of unfired clay masonry bricks     

J.E. Oti  J.M Kinuthia  J. Bai 《Engineering Geology》2009,109(3-4):230-240

This paper reports on the compressive strength and microstructure of unfired clay masonry bricks. Blended binders comprising of lime-activated Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) and Portland Cement (PC)-activated GGBS were used to stabilise Lower Oxford Clay (LOC) for unfired masonry brick production. The compressive strength of the stabilised bricks incorporating lime–GGBS–LOC was higher than that of PC–GGBS–LOC. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with a Solid-state Backscattered Detector (SBD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was employed to obtain a view of the microstructure and to conduct an analysis on the morphology and composition of the dried unfired clay brick samples, after 28 days of moist curing. The analytical results together with the physical observations have shown the formation of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) gel and additional pozzolanic (C-S-H) gel. The quantification of the compound content of the unfired bricks showed the presence of Calcite (CaCO₃), Quartz (SiO₂), Alumina (Al₂O₃) and Wollastonite (CaSiO₈) crystals. Traces of other crystals were also detected.  相似文献