http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000631   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Jacques L.R.Touret  Jan Marten Huizenga 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(6):745-753

Charnockites sensu lato（charnockite-enderbite series） are lower crustal felsic rocks typically characterised by the presence of anhydrous minerals including orthopyroxene and garnet.They either represent dry（H₂O-poor） felsic magmas that are emplaced in the lower crust or granitic intrusions that have been dehydrated during a subsequent granulite facies metamorphic event.In the first case,postmagmatic high-temperature recrystallisation may result in widespread metamorphic granulite microstructures, superimposed or replacing the magmatic microstructures.Despite recrystallisation,magmatic remnants may still be found,notably in the form of melt-related microstructures such as melt inclusions. For both magmatic charnockites and dehydrated granites,subsequent fluid-mineral interaction at intergrain boundaries during retrogradation are documented by microstructures including K-feldspar microveins and myrmekites.They indicate that a large quantity of low-H₂O activity salt-rich brines,were present（together with CO₂ under immiscible conditions） in the lower crust.  相似文献   

高温高压条件下实验变形石英闪长岩微观结构与熔体特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘贵  周永胜  宋娟  何昌荣 《岩石学报》2012,28(3):1005-1016

本文以高温高压条件下石英闪长岩流变实验样品为研究对象,利用偏光显微镜进行微观结构观察,研究了样品在实验温度压力条件下的变形机制与斜长石结构对流变强度的影响;通过透射电镜能谱与电子探针,分析了熔体分布和成分特征,讨论了角闪石脱水熔融的影响因素与脱水熔融对岩石流变的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高,岩石从脆塑性过渡域逐渐向高温位错攀移和动态重结晶为主的塑性域转化。在高温条件下,角闪石出现了脱水与部分熔融,脱水熔融的熔体分布和成分体现出非均匀与非平衡熔融的特点,空间分布上,熔体主要出现在角闪石和黑云母矿物颗粒的边缘以及角闪石和长石颗粒之间的区域内;成分分布上,熔体的成分与参与熔融的矿物成分密切相关。角闪石边缘的熔体和黑云母边缘的熔体具有低硅铝、高铁镁特征,斜长石边缘的熔体具有高硅铝、低铁镁的特征,处于角闪石和斜长石颗粒中间的熔体,其成分间于斜长石与角闪石成分之间。实验中出现的非平衡非均匀部分熔融可以解释混合岩中的浅色体与暗色体的成因,富硅熔体可以形成富硅铝的花岗质岩石,而贫硅富铁镁的熔体可以形成基性岩。角闪石的脱水熔融程度依赖于样品的封闭条件,处于封闭环境的样品,角闪石不易脱水熔融,而处于开放环境时,角闪石脱水熔融显著。拆离断层带及其附近具备这样的开放环境,有利于角闪石发生脱水熔融。实验力学数据和微观结构显示,随机分布的斜长石对岩石强度影响并不明显,但斜长石的长轴方向与最大主应力方向呈大角度相交(近90°)会显著强化岩石的强度,这意味着岩石组构与主应力方向大角度相交或呈垂直方向时,不利于岩石变形和拆离断层的形成,反之,均匀岩石或岩石组构与最大主应力方向小角度相交,有利于岩石的变形,容易发育拆离断层。  相似文献   

构造岩碳物质拉曼光谱温度计与石英组构对造山带热演化的约束:北喜马拉雅然巴片麻岩穹隆研究实例SCIEI北大核心CSCD     

陈思雨  张波  张进江  王洋  张磊  李晓蓉  黄保有  闫岩 《岩石学报》2022,38(4):1081-1106

东西走向的北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆带位于喜马拉雅造山带核心,记录了造山演化和青藏高原隆升的变质与变形信息。对穹隆构造热结构及其变形历史的重建有助于揭示喜马拉雅造山过程。本次研究选取然巴片麻岩穹隆的各类构造岩开展微观构造解析、碳物质拉曼光谱温度估算(RSCM)和石英组构学(CPO)分析,对比该穹隆各构造层变质和变形温度及其变化。研究结果揭示然巴穹隆被上、下两条环形拆离断层分为三个构造层:下拆离断层以下为下构造层,其由核部淡色花岗岩和片麻岩组成;下拆离断层和上拆离断层之间为中构造层,由强烈韧性变形的低-中级变质的片岩和少量片麻岩组成;上拆离断层以上为上构造层,由板岩、千枚岩和少量片岩组成。碳物质拉曼光谱变质温度计估算结果显示下构造层和中构造层峰期变质温度为550~600℃,上构造层峰期变质温度400~550℃。各构造层韧性变形岩石内石英组构(CPOs)特征揭示:下构造层石英以柱面滑移为主,韧性剪切变形温度超过600℃;而从中构造层底部向上构造层,石英滑移系由柱面滑移逐渐转变为底面滑移为主,响应的变形温度由550℃逐渐降低为300~350℃。综合分析解释认为然巴穹隆新生代以来经历了四期构造变形,分别对应喜马拉雅造山演化四个阶段:始新世(约45Ma)地壳增厚,发生区域变质作用,变质峰期温度达600℃(如下构造层记录),由下构造层向幔部递减(500℃到300℃);在造山伸展阶段,伴随藏南拆离系北向韧性剪切作用以及晚期南北向裂谷的启动提供的东西向伸展环境导致晚中新世淡色花岗岩底辟就位(约8~7Ma),穹隆幔部岩石遭受接触变质作用改造,接触变质峰期温度为570℃。  相似文献   

青海东部一次强冰雹的微结构及生长机制研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

张国庆  孙安平 《高原气象》2007,26(4):783-790

2004年8月18日青海省东北部大通、互助出现一次强降雹过程,利用多普勒雷达观测资料分析了冰雹云生长过程并利用现场观测的雹谱和收集的雹块进行了冰晶、气泡结构和同位素研究分析。结果表明:雹谱呈双峰型,雹块呈锥状,少数为椭圆体。冰雹切片中,雹胚以霰为主;雹块按生长方式分为四层,中间两层冰晶最长、厚度较大,表明这两个层次是这次降雹雹块的主要生长区,其生长高度较低、温度较高,生长厚度较大。锥形雹块的气泡以径向纹理为主,近似于椭圆形的雹块中的气泡以纬向纹理为主。雹块中的气泡浓度分布皆呈单峰型,气泡谱宽不超过100μm。雹块透明、不透明层气泡浓度不完全一致,有所起伏。对各层氘同位素的测量结果表明,雹块生长温度相应在-10.0~-24.0℃,生长高度相应在4.5~9.0 km(海拔高度),雹块在相对湿融的气层中,上、下翻滚增长,与冰晶分析的结果基本一致。  相似文献   

Study on the Microstructure of Loess in Meizoseismal Zone     

Li Lan 《中国地震研究》2006,20(1):58-66

INTRODUCTIONAn earthquake with magnitude of5.8struck Qishan Townin Yongdeng County,Lanzhou,at06:44,July22,1995.The region affected by the earthquake is located in the loess hills with sparsevegetation cover.The region also lags behind economically.The meizoseismal intensity reachedⅧ.For its shallowsource,the earthquake caused relatively heavy damage,though it was a moderateevent.Ground cracks with a widthlargerthan10cmare a commonsight onthe hills aroundthe town,some looks as if they …  相似文献   

微米级球形铜粉的制备          下载免费PDF全文

李春仓  李浩放  景燕 《盐湖研究》2007,15(4):37-39

以抗坏血酸为还原剂,一定条件下还原硫酸铜氨溶液可以得到微米级球形铜粉。样品经X-射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜测定,并探讨了反应机理。  相似文献   

Microstructure mechanism map of dynamically recrystallized marble     

Stanislav Ulrich  Alan B. Thompson  Karel Schulmann  Martin Casey   《Tectonophysics》2006,412(3-4):173-182

The relative nucleus density (RND) model of dynamically recrystallized grain size [Sakai, T., Jonas, J.J. 1984. Dynamic recrystallization: mechanical and microctructutal consideration. Acta metallurgica, 32, 198–209] was applied to experimentally and to naturally deformed marbles that have undergone dynamic recrystallization. The model shows that a relationship between initial grain size (D₀) and stable dynamically recrystallized grain size (D_S) for a given value of temperature-corrected strain-rate (Z) controls grain size evolution during dynamic recrystallization. New microstructural mechanism maps (MM-maps) for experimentally and naturally deformed marbles (based on previously published data) were defined in log grain size–log Z space and show two distinct regions of grain reduction and grain coarsening. The boundary between these two regions corresponds to an equation relating dynamically recrystallized grain size and temperature corrected strain rate, as proposed in this work. The new MM-map was used to trace semi-quantitatively microstructural and grain size evolution in naturally deformed marbles that underwent dynamic recrystallization at different thermal conditions. The boundary between grain coarsening and grain reduction does not necessarily coincide with the boundary between rotation and migration recrystallization mechanisms. Assessment of available natural data shows that the boundary condition D₀ = 2D_S between grain-coarsening and grain-reduction introduced by Sakai and Jonas [Sakai, T., Jonas, J.J. 1984. Dynamic recrystallization: mechanical and microctructutal consideration. Acta metallurgica, 32, 198–209] is not required for naturally deformed marble.  相似文献   

天津软土的次固结变形特性研究   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17  

雷华阳  肖树芳 《工程地质学报》2002,10(4):385-389

关于软土地基主、次固结变形分析是一项既有理论价值又有实践意义的课题。通过对天津市海积软土进行的固结试验 ,从微观的角度出发 ,结合净势能曲线解释了固结曲线上拐点的意义 ,研究了次固结系数的变化规律 ,同时建立了次固结系数与时间、固结压力和压缩指数的关系。  相似文献   

Microscopic Indicators of Stick-Slip and Creep-Slip in Deformation Products From the Daqingshan Piedmont Active Fault   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yao Daquan  Tang Youbiao  Li Jie  and Liu JiacanSeismological Bureau of Anhui Province  Hefei  China 《中国地震研究》1996,(1)

Through the collection of oriented samples,consolidation of undisturbed samples,and systematic microscopy of thin sections,the deformation products from the Daqingshan piedmont active fault zone have been studied.The obtained results have been analyzed in combination with those of rock fracture experiments and macroscopic surveys.Based on the above,the present article summarizes the microscopic indicators of stick-slip and creep-slip,which reflect the characteristics of fault movement,and has given some suggestion on relevant problems.  相似文献   

西秦岭北缘断裂带东段断层泥的粒度分布和显微构造特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邵顺妹  邹谨敞  滕瑞增 《地震工程学报》1996,18(2):74-79

根据采集的天然断层泥样品，对西秦岭北缘活动断裂带东段的断层泥首次进行了粒度分布和显微构造特征的实验研究。研究结果表明，该断裂带以粘滑运动为主，兼有蠕滑活动，并具张性扭动特征。  相似文献