Life Cycle of Liocarcinus arcuatus (Brachyura: Portunidae) in the Ría de Arousa (Galicia, NW Spain): Role of Beach and Mussel Raft Culture Areas     

J. Freire    R. Muiño    L. Fernández  E. González-Gurriarán   《Marine Ecology》1991,12(3):193-210

Abstract. The population biology of the portunid crab Liocarcinus arcuatus is analyzed over a yearly cycle in beach zones and mussel raft culture areas in the Ria de Arousa.
The breeding cycle of this species has two annual peaks, which result in two annual cohorts that are recruited in different areas. The growth rate is higher in the group settled in spring than in autumn, and, especially, in the culture areas compared with the beach zones. There are movements from the beach zones to the raft polygons related to reproductive and feeding behavior as well as growth. The role of mussel culture in the dynamics of this species is discussed.  相似文献   

黄、渤海及东海江豚的洄游和种群差异          下载免费PDF全文

董金海  王广洁  肖志忠 《海洋科学》1993,17(5):42-45

江豚对食物没有明显的选择性,常随分布区优势饵料种类的变化而变化。探讨了江豚洄游与饵料分布的关系,并对黄、渤海和东海长江两地理种群的差异进行了比较。  相似文献   

Vegetation of Mangroves： Spatial and Temporal Pattern of itsDominant Populations in Futian National Nature Reserve     

LiZhenji ZhengWenjiao YangZhiwei LinYiming LinPeng 《海洋通报(英文版)》2003,5(2):40-53

The community characteristics of mangroves in the Futian Nature Reserve,Shenzhen, China are given based on surveying of 33 quadrats in 4 transects which stretch from the higher tidal zone to the lower tidal zone. The results show that there are 6 community types in this area: Kandelia candel association, Avicennia marina association, A egiceras corniculatum association, Kandelia candel Aegiceras corniculatum association,degiceras corniculatum Kandelia candel association and Acanthus ilicifolius association.Kandelia candel, degiceras corniculatum and dvicennia marina dominate the typicalquadrats. Kandelia candel can be seen at almost all quadrats, Aegiceras corniculatumdistributes mostly toward the estuary and the higher tidal zone, Avicennia marina distributesmostly toward the bay and the lower tidal zone, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza occasionally occurs toward the Estuary with one or several individuals, Acanthus ilicifolius was common towardthe higher tidal zone, as an accompanying species, Derris trifoliata was common in manymature ouadrats. Totallv. 6 snecies of man~rove plants and 3 soecies of semi-mangrove plants appear in this research area. From the higher tidal zone to the lower tidal zone, the average diameter and basal area of mangrove trees increase gradually. According to the results, the dvicennia marina dominates in average diameter and basal area, and the degicerascorniculatum trees are on the contrary. From the transect ! to the transect 4, the importance value ot dvicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel decreases, and degiceras corniculatum increases. In this area, the Kandelia candel population and Ae giceras corniculatum population are developing populations with many seedlings and saplings, but the Avicennia marina population is in a mature stage with few seedlings and not so many total individuals. According to this research, we suppose that Aegiceras corniculatum should be developed toward the estuary and the dvicennia marina association should be protected.  相似文献   

南极夏季普里兹湾桡足类优势种的产卵量和种群结构     

张光涛  孙松 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(2):196-202

1998年12月－1999年1月在南极普里兹湾采用现场培养的方法对大、中型桡足类优势种尖角似哲水蚤（Calanoides acutus)、戈氏长腹水蚤（Metridia gerlachei)和巨锚哲水蚤（Rhincalanus gigas)进行了实验研究，同时根据浮游动物垂直拖网的样品分析了它们的种群结构。结果表明，在实验中，C.acutus和M.gerlachei的平均产卵量分别为13.3(5-49)和5（4－12）个／雌／天；R.gigas没有产卵。随后对获得的卵进行连续观察，所有的卵均没有孵化。通过标本分析发现，C.acutus夏季的种群结构为双峰态，尤其是陆冰缘站，新生个体主要是CI期桡足幼体，而越冬个体包括CIV、CV和雌性成体。R.gigas的种群结构特征不明显，新生个体为12月末发现的大量集中分布的无节幼体。M.gerlachei表现出和C.acutus相似的丰度分布特性，但其种群结构主要是成体和晚期幼体。  相似文献   

国沿海脉红螺(Rapana venosa)居群数量性状遗传多样性研究     

杨建敏  郑小东  李琪  王如才  宋志乐  由宝昌 《海洋与湖沼》2006,37(5):385-392

采用多变量形态度量学方法,对丹东（DD）、大连（DL）、秦皇岛（QH）、烟台（YT）、青岛（QD）、连云港（LY）、日照（RZ）和舟山（ZS）脉红螺8个地理居群间的形态变异进行了比较研究,建立了居群形态聚类图和形态判别函数.结果显示：我国沿海脉红螺形态存在地理变异现象,愈向北群体间的形态变异愈明显.沿海8个居群可分为与其生态相关的两大类群,即内湾近岸类群和外海栖居类群.依据壳重/壳高为指标的差异系数判断,大连居群（DL）与相邻海域丹东（DD）和烟台（YT）居群间的差异程度达到亚种水平,其他居群间都属亚种水平下的单元.本实验所得壳的形态参数按Mayer等（1953）标准比较,秦皇岛居群（QH）仅是脉红螺的独立地方居群,尚达不到亚种水平,因此,构不成新种,传统分类上的“强棘红螺Rapana peichiliensis”不存在.  相似文献   

锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)不同种群的杂合性研究   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

黎中宝  李少菁  王桂忠 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(4):358-363

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术 ,研究了锯缘青蟹 (Scyllaserrata) 6个自然种群杂合体缺乏及过量情况 ;进行了 1 1种等位酶的电泳检测和谱带遗传分析 ,在所研究的锯缘青蟹 2 2个等位酶位点和 30个等位基因中 ,有 7个位点是多态的 ,分别为Est 1、Est 2 (在此位点厦门锯缘青蟹为单态 )、Est 3、Sod 1、Me 2、Mdh 2 (在此位点厦门锯缘青蟹为多态 )、Mdh 3,在这些位点有 2— 3个等位基因。结果表明 ,宁海和三亚种群的Est 1和Est 2位点、厦门种群的Est 1和Mdh 2位点、深圳和北海种群的Est 1位点符合H W平衡标准 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;连江种群的Est 1位点显著偏离H W平衡 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而宁海、三亚和厦门种群的Est 3、Sod 1、Me 2和Mdh 3位点、连江种群的Est 2、Est 3、Sod 1、Me 2和Mdh 3位点及深圳和北海种群的Est 2、Est 3、Sod 1、Me 2和Mdh 3位点均非常显著偏离H W平衡 (P <0 .0 1 )。另外 ,除连江种群的Est 1位点表现出杂合子缺失 (F >0 )外 ,各种群中每个多态位点均表现为杂合子过量 (F <0 )。总结了各种群中每个多态位点的观察杂合度和期望杂合度 ,认为导致杂合子缺乏的主要原因可能是自然选择、近交、哑等位基因、Wahland效应等。杂合子缺乏会导致某些基因从基因库中消失 ,造成种群遗传多样性的降低 ,从而降  相似文献   

Wasp-waist populations and marine ecosystem dynamics: Navigating the “predator pit” topographies     

Andrew Bakun 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,68(2-4):271

Many marine ecosystems exhibit a characteristic “wasp-waist” structure, where a single species, or at most several species, of small planktivorous fishes entirely dominate their trophic level. These species have complex life histories that result in radical variability that may propagate to both higher and lower trophic levels of the ecosystem. In addition, these populations have two key attributes: (1) they represent the lowest trophic level that is mobile, so they are capable of relocating their area of operation according to their own internal dynamics; (2) they may prey upon the early life stages of their predators, forming an unstable feedback loop in the trophic system that may, for example, precipitate abrupt regime shifts. Experience with the typical “boom-bust” dynamics of this type of population, and with populations that interact trophically with them, suggests a “predator pit” type of dynamics. This features a refuge from predation when abundance is very low, very destructive predation between an abundance level sufficient to attract interest from predators and an abundance level sufficient to satiate available predators, and, as abundance increases beyond this satiation point, decreasing specific predation mortality and population breakout. A simple formalism is developed to describe these dynamics. Examples of its application include (a) a hypothetical mechanism for progressive geographical habitat expansion at high biomass, (b) an explanation for the out-of-phase alternations of abundances of anchovies and sardines in many regional systems that appear to occur without substantial adverse interactions between the two species groups, and (c) an account of an interaction of environmental processes and fishery exploitation that caused a regime shift. The last is the example of the Baltic Sea, where the cod resource collapsed in concert with establishment of dominance of that ecosystem by the cod’s ‘wasp-waist” prey, herring and sprat.  相似文献   

对水产资源评估的两种世代分析方法比较     

刘群  曾晓起 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(4)

本文采取常用的种群评估方法，应用模拟数据比较研究了两种世代分析方法（ＶＰＡ）（Ｇｕｌｌａｎｄ（１９６５）ＶＰＡ方法和分离ＶＰＡ方法（ＰｏｐｅａｎｄＳｈｅｐｈｅｒｄ１９８２））。指出：在没有应用捕捞努力量调谐最近捕劳死亡率时，分离ＶＰＡ和ＧｕｌｌａｎｄＶＰＡ都不能正确反映实况；当使用调谐方法后，两种方法的结果都有所改善；对三组初始捕捞死亡率，Ｇｕｌｌａｎｄ方法给出相同结果；相反分离ＶＰＡ对不同初始值作出不同答案，但是在初始值接近真值时，分离ＶＰＡ的计算值较Ｇｕｌｌａｎｄ方法为好。  相似文献   

微齿喜马拉雅低额溞生长及种群增长的研究     

施心路  于丽杰  张大维  史新柏 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(3):262-270

于1990年6月在哈尔滨市东北林业大学实验林场一水池中采到微齿喜马拉雅低额溞，根据实验结果应用生物统计学方法对它的生长和种群增长进行研究。结果表明，在不同温度条件下性成熟时间与水温的关系为，雌性（10-30°C）：h=8072t^-1.313（r=0.985, P＜0.01）；雄性（5-25°C）：h=1074t^-0.855（r=0.9844，P＜0.01）。在20±1°C条件下，其体长增长模型为：l_t=3.334-2.7345e^-0.1117t。龄期（x）与年龄（t，d）的关系为：雌体：t=0.07169x²＋1.3808x-1.7361；雄体：t=0.8425x²＋2.534x-1.8600。内禀增长率（r_m）为0.4076。种群增长呈“logistic”型，其方程式为：y=3625/[1+e^{(3.848-0.164t)}]。  相似文献   

中国大陆地震灾害分区人员死亡评估模型研究     

亓凤娇  李雯  苏鹤军  陈文凯  王紫荆  苏浩然 《地震》2022,42(1):70-84

针对现阶段地震人员死亡评估模型在评估特定区域地震时评估结果误差较大的问题, 结合中国地震灾害特点、 人口分布情况等, 将中国大陆划分为西北、 西南和大陆东部三个地区, 并对各区域按照人口密度进行分级。 采用多元非线性回归方法, 选取震中烈度、 震区面积、 抗震设防烈度参数建立分区域的地震灾害人员死亡评估模型。 研究结果表明, 该模型在西北、 西南地区的验证结果较好, 适用于中国地震灾害情况, 可以用于震后快速盲评估, 在一定程度上能够避免评估不同震级、 相同震中烈度和人口密度的地震时, 出现相同结果的情况; 虽然该模型在震例较少的大陆东部地区以及城市直下型地震中评估结果需要进一步改进, 但为解决特定区域地震死亡评估中误差较大问题提供了思路, 能够为震后应急指挥和救援提供数据参考。  相似文献