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徐锡伟 Xiwei Xu Yann Klinger Guilin Diao Guihua Chen Xiangdong Feng Chenxia Li Ailan Zhu Renmao Yuan Tingting Guo Xinze Sun Xibin Tan Yanfeng An 《国际地震动态》2010,(6):26-27
The post-earthquake field investigations reveal that the MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of 12th May 2008 ruptured three NE-striking imbricate reverse faults and another NW-trending reverse fault, along the middle Longmenshan fold-and-thrust belt at the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. 相似文献
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Hélène Hébert Dominique Reymond Yann Krien Julien Vergoz François Schindelé Jean Roger Anne Loevenbruck 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(1-2):211-232
The tsunami caused by the 2007 Peru earthquake (Mw 8.0) provoked less damage than by the seismic shaking itself (numerous casualties due to the earthquake in the vicinity of Pisco). However, it propagated across the Pacific Ocean and small waves were observed on one tide gauge in Taiohae Bay (Nuku Hiva, Marquesas, French Polynesia). We invert seismological data to recover the rupture pattern in two steps. The first step uses surface waves to find a solution for the moment tensor, and the second step uses body waves to compute the slip distribution in the source area. We find the slip distribution to consist of two main slip patches in the source area. The inversion of surface waves yields a scalar moment of 8.9 1020 Nm, and body-wave inversion gives 1.4 1021 Nm. The inversion of tsunami data recorded on a single deep ocean sensor also can be used to compute a fault slip pattern (yielding a scalar moment of 1.1 1021 Nm). We then use these different sources to model the tsunami propagation across the Pacific Ocean, especially towards Nuku Hiva. While the source model taken from the body-wave inversion yields computed tsunami waves systematically too low with respect to observations (on the central Pacific Ocean DART buoy as on the Polynesian tide gauge), the source model established from the surface-wave inversion is more efficient to fit the observations, confirming that the tsunami is sensitive to the low frequency component of the source. Finally we also discuss the modeling of the late tsunami arrivals in Taiohae Bay using several friction coefficients for the sea bottom. 相似文献
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Detailed reservoir models routinely contain 106–108 grid blocks. These models often cannot be used directly in a reservoir simulation because of the time and memory required for solving the pressure grid on the fine grid. We propose a nested gridding technique that efficiently obtains an approximate solution for the pressure field. The domain is divided into a series of coarse blocks, each containing several fine cells. Effective mobilities are computed for each coarse grid block and the pressure is then found on the coarse scale. The pressure field within each coarse block is computed using flux boundary conditions obtained from the coarse pressure solution. Streamline-based simulation is used to move saturations forward in time. We test the method for a series of example waterflood problems and demonstrate that the method can give accurate estimates of oil production for large 3D models significantly faster than direct simulation using streamlines on the fine grid, making the method overall approximately up to 1,000 times faster than direct conventional simulation. 相似文献
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Laurie Boithias Yves Auda Stéphane Audry Jean-Pierre Bricquet Alounsavath Chanhphengxay Vincent Chaplot Anneke de Rouw Thierry Henry des Tureaux Sylvain Huon Jean-Louis Janeau Keooudone Latsachack Yann Le Troquer Guillaume Lestrelin Jean-Luc Maeght Pierre Marchand Pierre Moreau Andrew Noble Anne Pando-Bahuon Kongkeo Phachomphon Khambai Phanthavong Alain Pierret Olivier Ribolzi Jean Riotte Henri Robain Emma Rochelle-Newall Saysongkham Sayavong Oloth Sengtaheuanghoung Norbert Silvera Nivong Sipaseuth Bounsamay Soulileuth Xaysatith Souliyavongsa Phapvilay Sounyaphong Sengkeo Tasaketh Chanthamousone Thammahacksa Jean-Pierre Thiebaux Christian Valentin Olga Vigiak Marion Viguier Khampaseuth Xayyathip 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14126
Mountain regions of the humid tropics are characterized by steep slopes and heavy rains. These regions are thus prone to both high surface runoff and soil erosion. In Southeast Asia, uplands are also subject to rapid land-use change, predominantly as a result of increased population pressure and market forces. Since 1998, the Houay Pano site, located in northern Lao PDR (19.85°N 102.17°E) within the Mekong basin, aims at assessing the long-term impact of the conversion of traditional slash-and-burn cultivation systems to commercial perennial monocultures such as teak tree plantations, on the catchment hydrological response and sediment yield. The instrumented site monitors hydro-meteorological and soil loss parameters at both microplot (1 m2) and small catchment (0.6 km2) scales. The monitored catchment is part of the network of critical zone observatories named Multiscale TROPIcal CatchmentS (M-TROPICS). The data shared by M-TROPICS in Houay Pano are (1) rainfall, (2) air temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed, and global radiation, (3) catchment land use, (4) stream water level, suspended particulate matter, bed particulate matter and stones, (5) soil surface features, and (6) soil surface runoff and soil detachment. The dataset has already been used to interpret suspended particulate matter and bed particulate matter sources and dynamics, to assess the impact of land-use change on catchment hydrology, soil erosion, and sediment yields, to understand bacteria fate and weed seed transport across the catchment, and to build catchment-scale models focused on hydrology and water quality issues. The dataset may be further used to, for example, assess the role of headwater catchments in large tropical river basin hydrology, support the interpretation of new variables measured in the catchment (e.g., contaminants other than faecal bacteria), and assess the relative impacts of both climate and land-use change on the catchment. 相似文献
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The south-eastern part of the European Variscan belt forms a zone composed of several crystalline segments: the External Crystalline Massifs of the western Alps, the Maures-Tanneron massif, also Corsica and Sardinia, which are mutually displaced due to the Alpine deformation of the European Paleozoic lithosphere. All these crystalline fragments record similar structural, metamorphic, geochronological and magmatic histories during Paleozoic times. In particular, the Late Carboniferous period (~320–300 Ma) is characterized by crustal-scale folding associated with strike-slip faulting and intracontinental basin formation. In this transpressive context, dome structures exhume partially-molten crust in convergent setting, which is in contradiction with generally accepted models of late orogenic collapse of the Variscan belt. It is suggested that this particular transpressive–obliquely convergent template, exemplified by tectonometamorphic evolution of the Maures-Tanneron massif, is valid for the whole eastern European Variscan margin. 相似文献
90.
The reason for obduction, or tectonic transport of oceanic lithosphere onto continents, is investigated by two‐dimensional thermo‐mechanical numerical modelling based on the geology of the Anatolia–Lesser Caucasus ophiolites. Heating of the oceanic domain and extension induced by far‐field plate kinematics appear to be essential for the obduction of ~80‐Ma‐old oceanic crust over distances exceeding 200 km. Heating of the oceanic lithosphere by mantle upwelling is evidenced by a thick alkaline volcanic series emplaced on top of the oceanic crust 10–20 Ma before obduction, at the onset of Africa–Eurasia convergence. Regional heating reduced the negative buoyancy and strength of the magmatically old lithosphere. Extension facilitated the propagation of obduction by reducing the mantle lithosphere thickness, which led to the exhumation of eclogite‐free continental crust previously underthrusted beneath the ophiolites. This extensional event is ascribed to far‐field plate kinematics resulting from renewed Neotethys oceanic subduction beneath Eurasia. 相似文献