荒漠草地植物多样性对肥料添加的响应     

涂文霞  叶茂  徐海量  赵新风 《中国沙漠》2013,33(5):1349-1355

选择古尔班通古特沙漠南缘典型丘间低地荒漠草地,采用完全随机区组设计,通过设置8个肥料添加处理（CK、N、P、K、NP、NK、PK、NPK）,研究了荒漠草地植物多样性对不同肥料添加处理的响应,得出以下结论:（1）研究区植被丰富度指数在P、NP、PK肥添加的作用下显著增加,而其余处理对其影响不显著, NK处理使研究区植被丰富度指数下降;多度指数在不同肥料添加下表现出与丰富度指数相同的特征;（2）不同施肥处理对荒漠草地的生物多样性有不同程度的影响:P肥、NP肥的添加使Simpson指数、Shannon-Weiner指数和Pielou指数与对照（CK）相比显著增加（p＜0.05）,表明P肥添加、NP肥添加是增加新疆荒漠草地生物多样性的有效措施;（3）植被丰富度指数在年际间的变化表现为:2009年开始施肥,2010年丰富度指数下降,2012年丰富度指数上升,即随着施肥时间的推移,同一块样地丰富度指数呈先下降后增加的趋势,均匀度指数随时间呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙质草地优势多年生植物氮素回收效率的分异特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李玉霖  崔夺  陈静  毛伟  赵学勇 《中国沙漠》2013,33(3):688-695

养分回收是多年生植物重要的适应策略,通过这种方式可以使植物重新利用体内养分。尤其在养分贫瘠的环境中,养分条件的微小变化都会影响植物的生长、竞争和适合度。但是,不同物种和不同生活型植物的氮素回收效率具有较高的变异,这对理解不同物种或生活型植物在生态系统功能中的作用具有重要意义。本研究分析了科尔沁沙质草地生态系统中39种多年生植物成熟绿叶和枯叶的氮素含量和氮素回收效率,以揭示不同物种或生活型植物氮素回收效率的分异特征。结果表明：科尔沁沙质草地优势多年生植物成熟绿叶氮素含量的变化范围在12.2～33.4 mg·g-1,平均值为23.3 mg·g-1;与全国及全球尺度上的研究结果相比,科尔沁沙质草地成熟绿叶氮含量平均值偏高,说明干旱荒漠环境植物叶片平均氮含量相对较高;多年生植物枯叶的氮素含量明显小于成熟绿叶氮素含量,变化范围在6.2～18.8 mg·g-1,平均值为11.3 mg·g-1;多年生植物氮素回收效率的范围在29%至74%之间变化,平均值为50.3%。这说明氮素回收是科尔沁沙质草地生态系统多年生植物重要的养分保留策略之一。另外,沙质草地不同生活型植物的氮素回收效率存在显著的差异。固氮植物和禾本科植物的氮素回收效率显著低于灌木和杂类草植物。这一结果间接说明植物氮素保持能力的分异是半干旱沙质草地植物共存的机理之一。  相似文献   

内蒙古半干旱草原下垫面地表辐射特征          下载免费PDF全文

顾润源  武荣盛  吴菊秀  孙小龙  马耀明  杨铁刚 《干旱区地理》2013,36(5):854-864

中纬度半干旱草原是全球陆地生态系统的重要类型之一,也是我国北方主要的地表类型,为深入了解我国半干旱草原区陆面对大气的辐射强迫,选取锡林浩特国家气候观象台2010年的辐射观测资料,分析了内蒙古半干旱草原下垫面地表辐射平衡各分量、地表吸收辐射和有效辐射以及地表反照率的日变化和季节变化规律,并与西北典型干旱区作了对比分析。结果表明：半干旱草原区太阳总辐射季节变化特征非常明显,季节平均日积分值由大到小依次为夏季、春季、秋季、冬季,年总量为6 036.64 MJ/m²,与黑河地区绿洲接近,明显小于戈壁和沙漠下垫面的值;半干旱草原地表反射辐射年变化趋势较为复杂,在4～10月由于下垫面植被和土壤类型、湿度等的差异,半干旱草原地表反射辐射月平均值低于黑河地区草地和荒漠的值,但高于农田的值;地表吸收辐射季节变化规律与总辐射保持一致;大气长波辐射年总量为8 155.23 MJ/m²,低于黑河地区草地、荒漠和农田下垫面的值,主要是由于半干旱草原区地理纬度较高,全年平均气温较低造成的;在植被覆盖较好的6～9月,半干旱草原区地表长波辐射月总量为4 532.14 MJ/m²,低于黑河流域的荒漠区,而高于草地和农田的值;半干旱草原区地表有效辐射年总量为2 398.75 MJ/m²,小于黑河地区沙漠和戈壁下垫面而大于绿洲;半干旱草原区地表反照率年均值为0.35,均大于西北干旱区不同下垫面,主要由于半干旱草原区冬春季地表积雪覆盖时间明显长于干旱区,可见,地表积雪对反照率的影响非常大。  相似文献   

1980s-2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量及其变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

戴尔阜  翟瑞雪  葛全胜  吴秀芹 《地理学报》2014,69(11):1651-1660

以我国内蒙古草原为研究区域,结合1982-1988年第二次土壤普查资料以及2011-2012年实地考察数据,构建了基于遥感数据和土壤数据的区域表层土壤有机碳储量估算方法,对研究区1980s和2010s表层土壤有机碳储量、空间分布特征及其变化进行研究,结果表明：(1) 1980s、2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤 (0~20 cm) 有机碳储量分别为2.05 Pg C、2.17 Pg C,土壤有机碳密度约为3.48 kg C·m^-2、3.69 kg C·m^-2,其空间分布上呈现从草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原逐渐降低的特征;(2) 1982-2012年间,内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量略有增加,但增加幅度较小,其中草甸草原和典型草原表层土壤有机碳储量增加,荒漠草原则表现为减少。研究结果将为研究区因地制宜地采取固碳措施,实现草地可持续管理提供科学参考。  相似文献   

冻融循环对青藏高原腹地不同生态系统土壤细菌群落结构的影响   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

张宝贵  张威  刘光琇  陈拓  王鹭  章高森  伍修锟  台喜生  龙昊知  毛文梁 《冰川冻土》2012,34(6):1499-1507

通过构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库,研究了冻融循环对青藏高原腹地北麓河的高寒沼泽草甸和高寒沙化草原两种不同生态系统土壤细菌群落结构的影响. 结果表明: α-、 β-、 γ- 和δ-变形菌门(α-、 β-、 γ- 和δ-Proteobacteria)、 酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、 放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、 拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)为两个生态系统土壤共有的细菌类群, 其中, 变形菌门、 酸杆菌门及浮霉菌门细菌为研究区域优势菌, 而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为高寒沼泽草甸土壤所特有, 疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)细菌是高寒沙化草原土壤特有的细菌类群, 表明青藏高原腹地两种生态系统土壤具有丰富的细菌多样性. 冻融循环会降低区域土壤的细菌多样性, 随冻融循环, 高寒沼泽草甸和高寒沙化草原生态系统土壤放线菌门丰度均呈现下降趋势, 但大部分细菌随冻融循环的变化在两种生态类型中呈现不同的变化规律, 结果说明冻融循环对于不同生态系统土壤细菌群落结构的影响既存在相似性, 也存在着较大的差异.  相似文献   

新疆草地气候生产潜力变化特征及对气候响应的预测研究     

张锐  刘普幸  张克新 《中国沙漠》2012,32(1):181-187

基于新疆地区52个气象站点1959-2008年逐月气温、降水资料,利用Miami模型和Thornthwaite Memorial模型、线性趋势线、ArcGIS反距离权重插值等方法,对新疆草地生产潜力的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明,近50 a来,新疆草地温度、降水、蒸散生产潜力均表现为显著增加,且四季和生长季各生产潜力也呈线性增加,夏季和生长季增幅最大,其次,草地生产潜力以及增幅均表现为北疆高于南疆,基本为由南向北递增,并和多年平均降水量变化一致。其中,水分条件是影响新疆草地生产潜力的主导因素。根据二元一次线性回归方程计算得出,年平均气温每升高/降低1 ℃,草地的年气候生产力增加/减少17.309 kg·hm-2·a-1,年降水量每增加/减少1 mm,草地的年气候生产力增加/减少24.392 kg·hm-2·a-1。  相似文献   

Impact of human activities on soil respiration: A review     

Fang Zhang  Tao Wang  Xian Xue  Jian Guo 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(4):0287-0299

Soil respiration is one of the primary fluxes of carbon between soils and the atmosphere.It is produced by rhizosphere respiration and soil microbial respiration.Soil respiration is not only affected by environmental factors,but also changes with the hu-man-induced disturbances of ecosystems.Land-use,the measures of land management,the pollution of soil,and so on can affect soil respiration and change the soil efflux.According to some research,the authors summed up their impacts on soil respiration by human activities through land-use changes and land-management measures among agroecosystem,grassland ecosystem,and for-est ecosystem.The results showed that (1) when adding fertilization to farmland,the soil respiration will increase;(2) fenced land can decrease soil respiration,while soil respiration in the grazed land at a grassland ecosystem will decline with the increasing of grazing intensity;(3) with grassland fertilization;farmland cultivation;fire,fertilization,and cutting of forest,conflicting results were found in the changes of soil respiration.Perhaps plant species,site condition,and measurement season can lead to different results on soil respiration.  相似文献   

Effects of grazing and climate change on species diversity in sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, China     

HaLin Zhao  oshiya Okuro  RuiLian Zhou  YuLin Li  XiaoAn Zuo  Gang Huang 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(1):0030-0038

To understand the effects of animal grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland vegetation in northern China, a field grazing and protected enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 through 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that (1) the grazing was primary responsible for changes of the vegetation richness and diversity in the grazing grassland and that changing climate was the main reason for changes in the species richness and diversity in the grassland protected from grazing; (2) light and moderate grazing can promote restoration of the richness and the diversity in the degraded grassland, and heavy grazing could result in a decrease of the richness and diversity; (3) heavy grazing can result in significant decrease of the perennial diversity, and moderate and light grazing promotes increase of the perennial diversity; the grazing, whether heavy or moderate and light grazing, was beneficial to increase of the annual diversity; (4) heavy grazing was not beneficial to diversity of Graminean and Chenopodiaceae, and moderate and light grazing was favorable the diversity of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae; (5) the warm-humid climate was favorable to increase of the richness and the diversity, and the warm-drought climate could result in decease of the richness and the diversity; (6) increased precipitation was favorable to perennial diversity and the diversity of Graminean, Leguminosae, and Compositae, and decreased precipitation had few effects on the annual diversity and Chenopodiaceae diversity.  相似文献   

Estimating leaf area index by inversion of reflectance model for semiarid natural grasslands     

Na Zhang  YingShi Zhao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(1):66-84

The study developed an integrated reflectance model combining radiative transfer and geometric optical properties in order to inverse leaf area index (LAI) of semiarid natural grasslands. In order to better link remote sensing information with land plants, and facilitate regional and global climate change studies, the model introduced a simple but important geometrical similarity parameter related to plant crown shapes. The model revealed the influences of different plant crown shapes (such as spherical, cylindrical/cuboidal and conic crowns) on leaf/branch angle distribution frequencies, shadow ground coverage, shadowed or sunlit background fractions, canopy reflectance, and scene reflectance. The modeled reflectance data agreed with the measured ones in the three Leymus chinensis steppes with different degradation degrees, which validated the reflectance model. The lower the degradation degree was, the better the modeled data agreed with the measured data. After this reflectance model was coupled with the optimization inversion method, LAI over the entire study region was estimated once every eight days using the eight-day products of surface reflectance obtained by multi-spectral Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) during the growing seasons in 2002. The temporal and spatial patterns of inversed LAI for the steppes with different cover degrees, swamps, flood plains, and croplands agreed with the general laws and measurements very well. But for unused land cover types (sands, saline, and barren lands) and forestlands, totally accounting for about 10% of the study region, the reasonable LAI values were not derived by inversing, requiring further revising of the model or the development of a new model for them. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30500076), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714407), and the President Foundation of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. YZJJ200205)  相似文献   

Turbulent intensity and its similarity function over an Inner Mongolian grassland during spring     

YUE Ping      NIU ShengJie  HU YinQiao & ZHANG Qiang Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change  Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province  Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change  Reducing Disaster of CMA 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(5)

Macroscopic reason for the development of turbulences in fluid is the conjunction action of velocity and temperature shears. We use the 2008 spring flux observations in the surface layer over Inner Mongolian grassland, obtain the similarity functions of turbulent intensity under different stratification stability conditions, and calculate the clear day turbulent intensity in the spring, which is then analyzed and compared with the observed values of turbulent intensity. The results show that in the Inner Mo...  相似文献