微藻总脂含量测定方法概述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁英  石伟杰  田传远 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,42(5):35-40

概述微藻总脂含量测定方法的研究现状并比较各方法的优缺点:(1)有机溶剂提取法使用较普遍、易操作、成本低,缺点是所需样品量大、所得总脂含量较低、溶剂有毒易污染环境、操作耗时费力;(2)索氏提取法测定微藻总脂含量较准确,缺点是所需试剂和样品量大,提取时间长;(3)荧光染料测定法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法、磷酸香草醛法、铜试剂法、苏丹黑染色法以及核磁共振法所需样品量少、所用时间短,但测定的总脂含量均为相对值.其中,荧光染料测定法不需要提取油脂且灵敏度高,但其易受各种因子影响;傅里叶变换红外光谱法和核磁共振法对样品无损伤,无需或仅需很少的预处理,后者重复性很好;磷酸香草醛法较稳定;铜试剂法成本低,但对其报道极少;苏丹黑染色法操作简单,不需要对藻细胞破碎及化学抽提,但不适用于不均匀样品的测定;(4)超临界CO2提取法和离子液体提取法提取效率高,所得总脂含量较高,但测定成本较高.  相似文献   

Tissue-specific bioaccumulation and oxidative stress responses in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to mercury   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄伟  曹亮  叶振江  林龙山  陈全震  窦硕增 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(4):569-579

To understand mercury (Hg) toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposure (control, 5, 40, and 160 μg/L Hg) for 28 d, fish growth was significantly reduced. The accumulation of Hg in fish was dose-dependent and tissue-specific, with the maximum accumulation in kidney and liver, followed by gills, bone, and muscle. Different antioxidants responded differently to Hg exposure to cope with the induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO), which was also tissue-specific and dosedependent. As Hg concentration increased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly, whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased significantly in the gills. SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and the GSH level increased significantly in the liver. SOD activity and GSH levels increased significantly, but CAT activity decreased significantly with an increase in Hg concentration in the kidney. LPO was induced significantly by elevated Hg in the gills and kidney but was least affected in the liver. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers in gills were more sensitive than those in the liver and kidney to Hg exposure. Thus, the gills have potential as bioindicators for evaluating Hg toxicity in juvenile flounder.  相似文献   

Evaluation of anthropogenic and biogenic inputs into the western Mediterranean using molecular markers     

Jordi Dachs  Josep M. Bayona  Joëlle Fillaux  Alain Saliot  Joan Albaigs 《Marine Chemistry》1999,65(3-4)

Aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), sterols (ST), and lipid classes were determined in suspended particles collected in the Catalan Sea, northwestern Mediterranean. Principal Component Analysis of the data set revealed a clustering of samples depending on the sources of organic matter, i.e., coastal influenced, open sea and frontal zone. Terrestrial inputs were recognized in particles collected in the surface waters, at the vicinities of river outflow (i.e., Rhône and Ebro), by a predominance of C₂₉ and C₃₁ n-alkanes, 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol (S12), and the anthropogenic 5β(H)-cholestan-3β-ol, coprostanol (S1). Phytoplanktonic molecular markers (n-C₁₇, 27-nor-24-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol, cholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol and 24-methylcholest-5-en-3β-ol) were widespread but relatively more apparent in the open sea and frontal zones. A similar distribution was observed for lipid classes, with higher concentrations of phospholipids, and an enrichment in free fatty acids in the areas influenced by river discharges. Total sterol, the unresolved complex mixture of hydrocarbons and the pristane–phytane ratio were highest at a persistent frontal zone, possibly reflecting the combination of a higher primary productivity and fossil hydrocarbon absorption on to suspended particles. Moreover, vertical profiles exhibited a subsurface concentration maximum at 20–30 m water depth, concurrently with the chlorophyll.  相似文献   

对筒柱藻属33株总脂含量及脂肪酸组成的比较研究     

梁英  麦康森  孙世春  詹冬梅 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(3)

在温度为２５±１℃,盐度为２８的条件下,用Ｆ／２培养基对青岛海洋大学微藻种质库保存的３３株筒柱藻进行培养。在指数生长期末期进行收获。测定了３３株筒柱藻的脂肪酸组成,总脂含量,收获时的细胞密度,生物量。其主要脂肪酸为１４∶０,１６∶０,１６∶１（ｎ－７）和２０∶５（ｎ－３）,其中Ｂ２００的２０∶５（ｎ－３）含量最高,占总脂肪酸的１５．９％。  相似文献   

Variation in Solvent-Extractable Lipids and n-Alkane Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopic Compositions with Depth in a Southern China Karst Area Soil     

崔景伟  黄俊华  Philip A Meyers  黄咸雨  李婧婧  刘文贵 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2010,(4)

Because literatures about the lipid compositions of modern soils in karst areas are scarce,we have studied the soil horizons overlying the Heshang(和尚) Cave that has provided paleoclimate records from speleothem lipid contents.Our analysis reveals a series of n-alkanes,free fatty acids,n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones distribution and relative abundance changing with the depth,and in which the ratios of the lower molecular weight to higher molecular weight n-alkanes,free fatty acids,n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-one...  相似文献   

饲料脂肪水平对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活力及组织结构的影响     

孙阳  姜志强  李艳秋  毛明光  吴洪  宫雪 《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(3)

以脂肪质量分数分别为5.77%、7.71%、8.93%、11.89%、13.75%、16.42%的饲料饲喂红鳍东方鲀(Takifugurubripe)幼鱼56 d,测定其肝脏抗氧化酶活力和总抗氧化能力,并对其肝脏、肠及肌肉进行组织学观察,研究不同饲料脂肪水平对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活力及组织结构的影响。结果表明,5.77%组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力与其他各组间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活力的最高值出现在8.93%组,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。饲料脂肪水平大于8.93%的实验组间超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力差异不显著(P>0.05),且显著低于8.93%组;5.77%、7.71%、8.93%组呈增加趋势,且各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力的峰值出现在13.75%组,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),总体呈先增加后降低的趋势。组织学观察表明,5.77%、7.71%、8.93%组,虽然肝脏也有脂肪空泡存在,但是肝脏、肠和肌肉组织结构完整,无明显病变现象;11.89%、13.75%、16.42%组的肝脏、肠和肌肉均有不同程度的病变现象,各组间差别明显。由此认为,脂肪水平为8.93%组,抗氧化酶活力最高,该脂肪水平下的饲料对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼肝脏代谢最有利,组织结构完整无病变。  相似文献   

Lipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Cod(Gadus morhua),Haddock(Melanogrammus aeglefinus)and Halibut(Hippogiossus hippoglossus)     

ZENG Duan  MAI Kangsen  AI Qinghui  Joyce E.Milley  Santosh P.Lall 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,9(4)

This study was conducted to compare lipid and fatty acid composition of cod,haddock and halibut.Three groups of cod(276 g±61 g),haddock(538 g±83 g)and halibut(3704 g±221 g)were maintained with commercial feeds mainly based on fish meal and marine fish oil for 12 weeks prior to sampling.The fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were determined by GC/FID after derivatization of extracted lipids into fatty acid methyl esters(FAME).Lipids were also fractionated into neutral and polar lipids using Waters silica Sep-Pak(R).The phospholipid fraction was further separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC)and the FAME profile was obtained.Results of the present study showed that cod and haddock were lean fish and their total muscle lipid contents were 0.8% and 0.7%,respectively,with phospholipid constituting 83.6% and 87.5% of the total muscle lipid,respectively.Halibut was a medium-fat fish and its muscle lipid content was 8%,with 84% of the total muscle lipid being neutral lipid.Total liver lipid contents of cod,haddock and halibut were 36.9%,67.2% and 30.7%,respectively,of which the neutral lipids accounted for the major fraction(88.1%-97.1%).Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant in cod and haddock muscle neutral lipid.Monounsaturated fatty acid level was the highest in halibut muscle neutral lipid.Fatty acid compositions of phospholipid were relatively constant.In summary,the liver of cod and haddock as lean fish was the main lipid reserve organ,and structural phospholipid is the major lipid form in flesh.However,as a medium-fat fish,halibut stored lipid in both their liver and muscle.  相似文献   

30株海洋绿藻的总脂含量和脂肪酸组成   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

曹春晖  孙世春  麦康森  梁英 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(3):428-434

对 11属 (小球藻属、绿囊藻属、微绿球藻属、海绿球藻属、卵胞藻属、原球藻属、咸胞藻属、杜氏藻属、裂丝藻属、塔胞藻属和衣藻属 )的 30株海洋绿藻进行特定条件下的一次性培养 ,在指数生长末期收获 ,进行了总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的分析。 2 1株海洋绿藻的总脂含量超过干重的10 % ,达 11.6 1%～ 34.4 9% ,其它 9株在 4 .2 5%～ 9.4 8%之间 ,绿藻的 16碳和 18碳脂肪酸最为丰富 ,有着含量较高的 16∶ 0、16∶ (n- 3)、18∶ 2 (n- 6 )和 18∶ 3(n- 3)脂肪酸。两株小球藻 (C95,C97)的2 0∶ 5(n- 3)脂肪酸含量较高 ,分别为 2 0 .8%和 2 6 .1%。另一株小球藻 (C10 2 )和两株裂丝藻 (C19和C2 0 ) EPA含量居中 ,分别为 8.0 % ,6 .0 %和 8.1%。其它藻株一般只含有少量的 2 0∶ 5(n- 3)和 2 2∶ 6 (n- 3)或不含 2 2∶ 6 (n- 3)  相似文献   

Studies on the effects on growth and antioxidant responses of two marine microalgal species to uniconazole   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xueqiao Mei  Kang Zheng  Lingdong Wang  Yantuan Li 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(5):877-882

Uniconazole, as a plant growth retardant, can enhance stress tolerance in plants, possibly because of improved antioxidation defense mechanisms with higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) enzymes that retard lipid peroxidation and membrane deterioration. These years much attention has been focused on the responses of antioxidant system in plants to uniconazole stress, but such studies on aquatic organism are very few. Moreover, no information is available on growth and antioxidant response in marine microalgae to uniconazole. In this paper, the growth and antioxidant responses of two marine microalgal species, Platymonas helgolandica and Pavlova viridis, at six uniconazole concentrations(0-15 mg L-1) were investigated. The results demonstrated that 3 mg L-1 uniconazole could increase significantly chlorophyll a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica(P 0.05). Higher concentrations(≥12 mg L-1) of uniconazole could inhibit significantly the growth, dry weight, chlorophyll-a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica and P. viridis(P 0.05). Uniconazole caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation production(MDA) at higher concentrations(≥ 9 mg L-1). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were enhanced remarkably at low concentrations of uniconazole. However, significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities was observed at higher concentrations of uniconazole.  相似文献   

Protective effects of oyster extract against hepatic tissue injury in alcoholic liver diseases     

ZHANG Cuiping  LI Xiaoyu  JING Xue  ZHANG Bo  ZHANG Qi  NIU Qinghui  WANG Jianjun  and TIAN Zibin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):262-270

Oyster extract is an effective bioactivity component. It has abundant nutritional value and antiviral, antitumor and immune defense functions. The role of oyster extract in treating liver injury has been paid more attention. We use Wistar rats to make alcoholic liver disease model through injecting alcohol into rats' stomachs. These rats were randomly divided into five groups: model group, control group, low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose experimental group with a dose of 0.12 g kg-1, 0.40 g kg-1, and 1.20 g kg-1 alcoholic. After nine weeks, serum biomarkers(ALT, AST, TG and TCHO), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH), C3a, C5a, IL-17, TNF-ɑ, anti-MAA-HAS IgG, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK cell activation and zinc content were assessed. The results showed that the serum biomarkers(ALT, AST, TG and TCHO), MDA content, anti-MAA-HSA IgG, serum C3a, C5a IL-17 and TNF-ɑ levels of oyster extract treatment groups were significantly decreased in comparison with model group. On the contrary, GSH showed adverse trend. Serum CD3+, CD4+ and NK cell activation were significantly increased in middle-dose group and high-dose group compared with model group, and there was decrease of CD8+ activity in high-dose group. Plasma Zn level was decreased in model group compared with that in control group. Meanwhile, Mean plasma Zn levels increased dramatically following the dose increase of a given oyster extract.  相似文献