海洋鱼类生化组成及能量含量的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张敏  张波  李春雁 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(3):385-390

随着海洋生态系统动力学研究的深入，海洋鱼类生化组成及能量含量的研究越来越显现出它的重要性和必要性。建立生化组成与能量含量与鱼体某个易于测定的指标（如水分含量、体重、体长、肥满度等）之间显著的相关关系，则可以较方便、准确地对有关指标进行间接估计。本文对国内外此领域研究现状进行分析、评述，以期进一步探讨饵料营养质量变化对食物产出的影响。  相似文献   

饲料脂肪含量对施氏鲟生长及其肝脏脂质组成的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

肖懿哲  陈月忠 《台湾海峡》2001,20(3):376-380

本文报道了饲料中不同脂肪含量对施氏鲟生长及其肝脏脂质组成的影响结果，试验饲料是以酪蛋白质，鱼粉，糊精和纤维素等为主要原料配制而成的等氮和等能量的半精制饲料，以等量混合的海水鱼油，豆油作为肪源，试验周期为25d，结果表明；施氏鲟饲料中脂肪适宜含量为5．6－11．4％，最适合含量为7．5％左右，肝脏脂质含量和中性脂质含量随着饲料脂肪添加量的增加而升高，但在饲料脂肪适宜含量范围内各组间却无显著差异。  相似文献   

Oil storage variability in Calanus finmarchicus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Miller  C. B.; Crain  J. A.; Morgan  C. A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(6):1786-1799

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活性氧对3种海洋微藻生长的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

谢荣  唐学玺  李永祺  王悠 《海洋学报》2001,23(1):94-101

以Fe2+/Vc为活性氧诱生系统,对活性氧作用下3种海洋微藻的生长情况进行了研究.结果表明,低浓度的活性氧可以促进3种海洋微藻的生长,使藻细胞的脂质过氧化程度升高,同时刺激细胞的SOD活性使其略有上升,加入抗氧化剂可以抑制其促进作用;高浓度的活性氧能抑制3种海洋微藻细胞的生长,使细胞的脂质过氧化程度过量增高,抑制细胞的SOD活性,抗氧化剂可以缓解其对藻细胞的毒性作用.不同种类的微藻对活性氧的敏感性存在差异.  相似文献   

Quality of the Seagrass <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halophila ovalis</Emphasis> on a Thai Intertidal Flat as Food for the Dugong     

Masumi?YamamuroEmail author  Anong?Chirapart 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(1):183-186

To determine whether dugongs along the Thai coast prefer relatively faster-growing Halophila ovalis due to its nutritional value, we analyzed the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), ash, fiber, and lipids in several species of seagrass collected near dugong feeding trails. CNP concentrations in the faster-growing H. ovalis were distinctly lower than those in the slower-growing species. Lipid concentrations were comparatively not as low; they were equivalent to the values of the slower-growing Enhalus acoroides in the leaves and to Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea rotundata in the rhizomes and roots. The ash content of H. ovalis was the highest of all species in both the above and below ground parts. The reason that dugong feeds exclusively on H. ovalis at this site may be the potentially large supply due to its high growth rate, rather than its nutritive qualities.  相似文献   

Lipid biomarkers and carbon-isotopes of modern travertine deposits (Yellowstone National Park, USA): Implications for biogeochemical dynamics in hot-spring systems     

Chuanlun L. Zhang  Bruce W. Fouke  Aaron D. Peacock  Yongsong Huang 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(15):3157-3169

Lipid biomarkers and ¹³C fractionation patterns were used to understand the dynamics of carbon cycling during microbial metabolisms in different environments of travertine precipitation (called facies) at Spring AT-1 on Angel Terrace in the Mammoth Hot Springs complex of Yellowstone National Park, USA. Microbial mats that encrust travertine deposits were collected for analyses of lipid biomarkers and carbon isotopes along the continuous drainage outflow system of Spring AT-1. The spring water exhibits a continuous temperature drop from 71°C in the vent at top to 24°C in the distal slope at bottom. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and glycolipid fatty acids (GLFA) exhibit distinctly different compositions in each of the facies, which are consistent with partitioning of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in the Spring AT-1 travertine facies (Fouke et al., 2003).The δ¹³C composition of total biomass within the microbial mats decreases from −16.1‰ in the vent to −23.5‰ in the distal slope. However, lower values occur in the pond (−26.0‰) and the proximal slope (−28.0‰) between the vent and the distal slope. Isotopic compositions of PLFA and GLFA have variations similar to those of total biomass. The average δ¹³C values of PLFA are −12.4 ± 5.2‰ (n = 10 individual fatty acids, same below) in the vent, −33.0 ± 3.1‰ (n = 11) in the pond, −33.7 ± 3.8‰ (n = 16) in the proximal slope, and −22.4 ± 3.4‰ (n = 10) in the distal slope; the average δ¹³C values of GLFA are −19.6 ± 3.0‰ (n = 3) in the vent, −30.4 ± 4.7‰ (n = 8) in the pond, −36.9 ± 2.8‰ (n = 12) in the proximal slope, and −27.9 ± 3.1‰ (n = 13) in the distal slope. In particular, fatty acids in the vent are enriched in ¹³C relative to the total biomass, which is consistent with the notion that the biosynthetic pathways of the extant microbial community in the vent may be dominated by Aquificales using the reversed tricarboxylic acid cycle. Fractionations between fatty acids and total biomass in the pond, the proximal slope and the distal slope suggest the involvement of other biosynthetic pathways for CO₂ fixation by extant microbial populations. The results indicate that lipid biomarkers provide valuable information on the changing diversity and activity of microbial communities in different depositional environments. Carbon-isotope fractionations, on the other hand, can provide insight into the operating biosynthetic pathways associated with different organisms in the changing environment. This integrated approach may serve as a powerful tool for identifying functional metabolism within a community and identify shifts in microbial community structure in modern hot-spring systems.  相似文献   

Molecular Evidence for Primary Producers and Paleo-environmental Conditions in Mesoproterozoic in the Xuanlong Depression in North China     

罗根明  谢树成  吴文钧  孙思  黄俊华  史晓颖 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(5):567-576

The molecular organic compounds have been identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from Mesoproterozoic rocks in the Xuanlong depression in North China. The main saturated compounds are n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, n-alkylcyclohexanes, acyclic isoprenoids, and hopanes. The dominant lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes are indicative of the main contribution of microorganisms, in particular, the chemosynthetic bacteria. The presence of abundant monomethylalkanes (mid- and end-branched) and the long chained (>C₂₀) acyclic isoprenoids indicates the existence of abundant bacteria and/or archaea in ancient oceans. The low abundance of pristane and phytane is suggestive of the relatively low abundance of photosynthetic autotrophs in comparison with chemosynthetic bacteria in the Mesoproterozoic oceans in North China. The sedimentary environmental condition is suboxic/anoxic, as indicated by the low value of the Pr/Ph ratio as well as the presence of abundant sulfur-bearing organic compounds, consistent with the other geochemical data in North China and elsewhere in the world. Both the composition of the primary producers and the sedimentary environmental conditions are favorable for the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks.  相似文献   

矿业废弃地先锋植物盐生草在镍、铜处理下抗氧化酶系统的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲁艳  李新荣  何明珠  赵昕  李小军  王进  曾凡江 《中国沙漠》2013,33(1):118-125

采用温室盆栽法,研究镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)单一处理（0、50、100、200、400 mg·kg-1）对金昌Ni/Cu尾矿库先锋植物盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)幼苗Ni、Cu积累、膜脂过氧化程度与抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明：盐生草幼苗叶片及根部Ni、Cu含量随土壤中Ni、Cu含量的增加而增加,Ni、Cu含量以根部含量为高;叶片及根部丙二醛(MDA)含量随Ni、Cu处理浓度升高显著增加,膜脂过氧化程度加剧;Ni胁迫下盐生草叶片中仅抗坏血酸酶(APX)活性随Ni浓度增加总体呈增加趋势,在对抗Ni胁迫引起的氧化胁迫方面发挥着主要作用,根部超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、APX和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性随Ni浓度增加呈上升趋势,在减轻Ni胁迫引起的氧化损伤方面起着重要作用;Cu胁迫下盐生草叶片SOD和APX活性较对照有所增强,在减弱Cu胁迫引起的氧化损伤方面发挥着一定作用,根部上述5种抗氧化酶活性随Cu浓度增加总体呈增加趋势,在缓解Cu胁迫引起的氧化损伤方面发挥着重要作用。  相似文献   

脂肪营养对封闭循环水养殖道氏虹鳟生长、相关代谢酶及基因表达的影响     

张静  李勇  孙国祥  赵宁宁  马骏  王顺奎 《海洋科学》2017,41(10):24-32

为探讨饲料脂肪营养对封闭循环水养殖道氏虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)生长、脂肪代谢及相关酶基因表达的影响,作者采用单因素设计,即4个脂肪水平——12%、15%、18%、21%(以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组表示),共4个处理组,每处理3重复,每重复25尾鱼。试验鱼为初始体质量(333.25±20.71)g的道氏虹鳟幼鱼,试验期77 d。结果表明,与后3组相比,Ⅰ组试验鱼增质量率显著提高17.20%~33.17%,Ⅰ和Ⅱ组饲料系数显著低于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组6.20%~20.56%(P0.05);脂肪合成酶类FAS活力随饲料脂肪水平升高而降低,脂肪分解酶类LPL、HL及L-CPTⅠ活力变化特征与之相反(P0.05)。其中,Ⅰ组FAS活力显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组7.5%、8.7%;L-CPTⅠ活力显著低于后3组13.08%~16.35%;Ⅳ组LPL活力显著或极显著高于前3组18.8%~44.7%(P0.05或P0.01);I组肝脏FAS的mRNA表达量比后3组显著高48.29%~55.15%(P0.05);LPL呈相反特征,Ⅳ组显著高于前3组36.72%~113.59%(P0.05或P0.01);Ⅰ组肌肉FAS mRNA表达量显著高于Ⅳ组66.82%(P0.05);LPL表达丰度随脂肪水平升高先下降后显著上升(P0.05)。该结果特征与肝脏中该两种酶活力变化具有同步性。研究发现,随饲料脂肪水平变化,肌肉FAS mRNA表达量变化比肝脏更明显且规律性更强,而肝脏LPL mRNA表达量变化较肌肉更明显。本试验初步确定,在封闭循环水养殖模式下,330 g左右道氏虹鳟饲料蛋白水平在45%时,脂肪水平以不超过12%为宜。  相似文献   

不同适温海洋富油微藻在富碳培养条件下的油脂积累特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王帅  郑立  韩笑天  李林  杨佰娟  刘晨光 《海洋学报》2014,36(12):41-52

本实验分别针对3株低温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.ZL-12、四爿藻Tetraselmis chui ZL-33和小球藻Chlorellasp.ZL-45,3株中温藻株:球等鞭金藻Isochrysis galbana CCMM5001、等鞭金藻Isochrysis sp.CCMM5002和微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001,3株高温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.JN1、绿色巴夫藻Pavlova viridis JN2和海洋小球藻Chlorellasp.JN3,研究了在通入0.03%(空气)、5%、10%3个CO2浓度梯度条件下的生长特性,同时考察了其总酯及中性脂的累积情况。结果显示,富碳培养有利于不同温度条件下9株藻株的生长,除微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001最适生长的CO2浓度为5%外,其余8株藻株最适生长的CO2浓度均为10%。在低温和高温条件下,6株海洋富油微藻在通入10%CO2时具有最大生物量产率,在中温条件下球等鞭金藻和等鞭金藻在通入10%CO2时获得最大生物量产率,而微拟球藻在通入5%时获得最大生物量产率,随着CO2浓度的增加,9株藻株的总脂含量和中性脂含量有明显提高。低温和中温藻株的总脂含量高于高温藻株的总脂含量,从中性脂的累积规律来看,9株藻株均在平台期的累积达到最大值,GC-MS分析结果表明,9株微藻适合制备生物柴油的C14~C18系脂肪酸相对含量在不同CO2条件下基本保持不变,维持在90%左右。实验结果显示,所研究的藻株作为富油高固碳优良藻株,具备用于海洋生物质能耦合CO2减排开发的潜力。  相似文献