长江金沙江段生态屏障建设的功能区划——以昭通市为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王传胜  杨晓光  赵海英  樊杰 《山地学报》2007,25(3):309-316

以昭通市为例,探讨生态屏障地区的功能区划方案。生态屏障地区是国家“十一五”规划提出的4大类功能区中的限制开发区或禁止开发区,其目标是实施以国家、区域或流域生态安全为保障的生态系统恢复和保护工程。运用功能区划的基本思想,以昭通市自然、生态与社会经济主要因子的评价为基础,借助G IS分析工具,以参评因子的空间态势为依据,划分生态保护和经济发展功能兼备的主体功能区,为在中小尺度的生态保护地区划分功能区提供了研究案例。  相似文献   

生态屏障约束下的综合功能区划研究——以云南省昭通市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜瑜  王传胜  赵海英  杨晓光 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(3):365-374

Ecological shelter zones reconstruction is an ecosystem restoration and conservation project aimed to the ecological safety of nations, regions and basins. Reconstruction of ecological shelter zones of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River became one of the most important tasks of Western Development strategy. This article, taking Zhaotong as an example, studies the functional regionalization of ecological shelter zones. The study supplies a case for functional regionalization of small and medium regions whose main tasks are environment reservation. With the guidance of theories of functional regionalization, and based on the analysis of Zhaotong＇s natural, ecological and socioeconomic factors, the paper suggests five principles for factors selection. These principles include： （1） reversing order evaluation; （2） selecting main factors; （3） keeping the integrality of administrative regions of towns; and （4） making the products acceptable by local government. To analyze spatial status of selected factors, LUCC data in 2002, 1：50,000 relief maps and town-unit socioeconomic statistical data in 2004 are used. RS and GIS tools are also applied to melt traditional and modern geographical methods. This would be useful to functional regionalization research in mountainous areas. As a conclusion, the leading functional regions of ecological conservation or economic development are suggested, respectively. Zhaotong city is divided into two-level functional regions. The first-level includes three leading functional regions and they will lead developing direction of sub-regions. The second-level includes eight sub-regions, which are policy implemented regions, and will supply guidance to Zhaotong＇s ecological shelter zones reconstruction.  相似文献   

百叶箱内外气温特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄海洪  凌颖  董蕙青 《气象》2003,29(12):25-28

利用新增的气温观测资料和常规气象资料，应用统计分析方法对南宁市百叶箱内外气温进行了对比分析研究，结果发现两者的平均气温、最高气温等要素在季度、月际、日变化比较中有较大差异。进一步分析表明，两者的差异与云况、湿度、降水等气象要素密切相关。在上述分析的基础上，建立了百叶箱外气温的预报方程。  相似文献   

"Homed" in Arizona: The Architecture of Emergency Shelters     

《Urban geography》2013,34(6):536-557

Although much has been written about the abstract spaces of homelessness, relatively less has been documented on how the architecture of homeless shelters intersects with the homeless experience. Emergency shelters are the first places where homeless families begin their journey toward becoming "homed." Studies suggest that there is a middle-class bias in the design of emergency homeless shelters, but how do its spaces contribute to the route out of homelessness? Through narratives of homeless families, and observations of the places they occupy in an emergency shelter in Arizona, this article illustrates how they engage with the shelter's architecture to construct notions of home and homelessness. This study suggests that while homeless families try to achieve the psychological qualities of a "home" in the shelter, the materiality of the places in the shelter, where these qualities are acquired or negotiated, become important symbolic markers to becoming "homed."  相似文献   

绿洲防护林不同滴灌水量下土壤水盐运移初探     

白元  徐海量  刘新华  赵新风 《中国沙漠》2013,33(1):153-159

为了探明滴灌滴头流量一致条件下,不同灌水量处理对绿洲防护林地土壤水盐随时间分布的影响,采用30L·株-1·次-1(处理I)、40 L·株-1·次-1(处理Ⅱ)、50 L·株-1·次-1(处理Ⅲ)不同处理对比试验,在塔里木河下游喀拉米吉镇绿洲人工栽培的防护林地进行了野外滴灌监测.结果表明:①处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的剖面平均含水量分别达6.68％、8.99％、9.92％,土壤湿润锋运移的水平距离分别为58、62、74 cm,垂直深度分别为40、50、67 cm,表明灌水量决定土壤含水量的高低,灌水量增加有利于水分在水平和垂直方向的渗透.②处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的盐分锋值水平方向位置为40、52、63 cm,垂直方向为41、45、55 cm,脱盐率分别为62.2％、67.0％、76.5％,灌水量的增加有利于土壤的脱盐.③随着时间的推移,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ土壤0～60 cm主要根系分布层分别在第5天、第11天、第15天土壤贮水亏缺度达到23.91％～59.25％,33.38％～51.75％,39.69％～56.53％,表层积盐同时达到最大.本研究认为防护林地滴灌水量40～50 L·株-1·次-1、滴灌周期以11～15 d比较适宜,可为极端干旱区防护林的合理灌溉和防治土壤次生盐渍化提供科学依据,具有一定的现实意义.  相似文献   

Characteristic of tsunami force acting on shelter with mooring     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

Tsunami shelter has been designed and built as a refuges in case tsunami occurs. In recent year, different kinds of tsunami shelter have been proposed and developed, which is either a building type or a floating one. The main purpose of this research is to propose a new type of tsunami shelter with elastic mooring in comparison with a fixed type of shelter and to investigate tsunami force acting on the shelter and motions due to tsunami wave. Three different kinds of tsunami shelter were compared, rectangular, trapezoid and streamline type, with two conditions such as fixed on the ground and floating with elastic mooring. To compute interaction between run-up tsunami wave and the tsunami shelters with mooring, the numerical model has been developed by using particle based method, Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) coupling with Extended Discrete Element Method (EDEM) for elastic mooring. Based on the validation of tsunami force and shelter motions with experimental results, the numerical results indicated that the model can simulate interactions between tsunami wave and shelter in fixed and mooring case. The result also shows that the tsunami force on the fixed tsunami shelter can be higher than that on the tsunami shelter with elastic mooring and then the mooring system can reduce tsunami force, 35% for averaged value and 50% for maximum one and the surge and pitch motions can be also reduced. The tsunami shelter with elastic mooring system could be a useful option for evacuating from tsunami attacking.  相似文献   

石家庄市应急避难场所信息管理系统设计与实现     

马旭东  牛露  茅远哲  刘晓丹  刘龙  刘贾贾  刘志辉 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,41(1):148-154

基于石家庄市地震应急避难场所及医院的实际情况,利用百度地图API接口,开发了应急避难管理系统。该系统将避难场所及医院信息存储在MySQL数据库中,通过数据的检索、调用,将避难场所及医院的位置、面积、可容纳人数等信息显示在系统中。实现了信息展示、路线规划等功能,在突发事件发生后可减轻灾难损失,提高公共服务能力。  相似文献   

商业建筑室内地震应急避难场所空间设计          下载免费PDF全文

李杰亮  马肖彤 《地震工程学报》2019,41(6):1643-1649

城市商业建筑避难所对保障人们生命安全和财产非常重要。室内应急避难所的空间布局和责任分区是一个涉及人口密集程度、建筑内环境、疏散方式和商业场所的适应性等因素的问题,我国针对该项目的设计和研究尚不完善,这对商业建筑受灾时人员的安全有很大威胁。本文提出商业建筑室内地震应急避难场所空间设计,从疏散效率角度出发,设计一个以P-中值模型为基础的避难所最佳分区模型,通过对模型分析和计算,得出商业建筑隔震层的最佳位置,在确定隔震层位置后,对应急避难所的室内空间进行设计,最后通过分析避难所的可达性,判定该避难所设计是否合理。通过仿真实验验证,本文设计的应急避难所辐射面积广,服务人数较大,总体性能较好,可为商业建筑避难设计领域提供有力的帮助。  相似文献   

防灾避难场所应急标识系统优化设计研究          下载免费PDF全文

马晨晨  王威    马东辉    苏经宇   《世界地震工程》2018,34(4):049-59

防灾避难场所应急标识在防灾避难场所中属于基础设施部分,在场所的建设中必不可少,一个完善的标识系统在疏散和安置灾民、减少伤亡等方面发挥着重要作用。首先分析了目前防灾避难场所应急标识系统存在的问题;其次,以标识牌系统的完整性、美观性、安全性和平灾结合为优化设计原则,通过问卷调查,确定影响应急标识设计的各项指标及重要度,进行防灾避难场所应急标识优化设计;最后,以泰州中学新校区中心避难场所为例,结合防灾避难场所的防灾类型、使用功能和要求以及地方的风俗文化与环境,从大小、类型、高度和颜色等方面对防灾避难场所应急标识系统进行规划方案整体优化设计。  相似文献   

Inland notches: lithological characteristics and climatic implications of subaerial cavernous landforms in Israel          下载免费PDF全文

Nurit Shtober‐Zisu  Hani Amasha  Amos Frumkin 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(12):1820-1832

Inland notches, are elongated concave‐shape indentations that develop on the carbonate rocky cliffs of mountainous zones, down to the desert fringe. These rock shelters form as a result of the interaction between specific petrologic characteristics and climatic controls, emphasizing the importance of environment upon rock decay. Inland notches are shaped due to slight differences (1–15%) in the porosity of the visor and cavity bed: the cavity bed is more porous, so more likely to erode by exfoliation and dissolution. Thus, the cavity bed retreats at a faster rate compared to the slower subaerial dissolution of the visor bed, until a critical point is reached where the visor collapses. In Israel, inland notches inhabit the same lithostratigraphic units as do large caves. The vast majority (71%) of inland notches are formed in hard, dense, and crystalline limestone deposited throughout the Turonian age. Another 27% are cut into the dolomitic sequence of the upper Albian and lower Cenomanian. The rest (2%) are dispersed in the various formations of the Cenomanian and Eocene eras. Notches are most common in semi‐arid and in Mediterranean climates but mainly in areas with annual rainfall of between 400 mm and 850 mm. In more humid areas (> 900 mm/yr) notches are negligible or completely absent, due to the rapid rate of chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks. In the desert fringe (200–300 mm/yr), mechanical decay is accelerated and notches exhibit disintegration processes, visor collapse, and rock falls. In the desert area (< 200 mm/yr), salt decay replaces the chemical decay characteristic of inland notches, encouraging tafoni formation. In addition, notches form through fluvial activity or on account of greater petrophysical differences between consecutive beds; i.e. elongated cavities may form in soft rocks, shaded by harder visors or crusts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献