Characteristics of Habitats Used by
Enteroctopus dofleini in Prince William Sound and Cook Inlet,Alaska     

David Scheel 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(3):185-206

Abstract. Habitat characteristics associated with the giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker 1910), were studied in Prince William Sound and Port Graham, Alaska, from beach walk, SCUBA and submersible surveys at depths of 0 to 197 m. Octopus counts on beach walk transects were positively correlated with soft substrates (sand, gravel or broken rubble), the presence of boulders, and dense kelp cover immediately offshore of the transect; and negatively correlated with depth on SCUBA transects. No significant habitat correlations were found with counts on submersible transects. On beach walks, octopus counts were reduced on hard substrates to 38 % of the counts on soft substrates. Counts increased five‐fold in the presence of boulders over counts in their absence, and increased fifteen‐fold adjacent to dense (> 75 %) kelp cover over counts adjacent to sparse (< 25 %) kelp cover. On SCUBA transects, the average density at less than 5 m depth was over five times that below 5 m. No trends in octopus size or sex ratio were detected with depth. Den use was inversely correlated with depth although there was no indication that den availability declined with depth. Octopuses were found at densities from 0 to 2.5 per 1000 m². These densities were only 1 to 50 % of densities of the same species recorded in British Columbia in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Few data are available to test recruitment, mortality, and habitat selection hypotheses that would account for differences between habitats. However, the presence of the highest octopus densities in intertidal and very shallow subtidal areas indicates the likely importance of near‐shore, shallow‐water habitats, and highlights the vulnerability of octopus populations to changes in these habitats.  相似文献   

新冠肺炎疫情背景下日本应急避难场所运营管理新动向          下载免费PDF全文

金英淑 《中国地震》2022,38(2):322-337

通过梳理日本防控传统传染病视角下的应急避难场所运营管理方法,对比分析新冠肺炎疫情下日本应急避难场所运营管理面临的困境,总结出新冠肺炎疫情下日本应急避难场所运营管理新动向,以及日本政府针对新冠肺炎疫情下应急避难场所运营管理实施的具体措施,如应急避难场所的布局与防止感染对策、日常运营管理对策等,以期为我国新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控下应急避难场所的运维提供借鉴。  相似文献   

一种野外测量方舱及其设计     

马小辉 《测绘科学与工程》2006,26(1):46-49

本文介绍了一种用于野外测量的综合保障方舱及其设计，侧重介绍了泫方舱的基本组成、功能和设计特点。论述了几个关键部件的设计思想和实现方案。最后简要说明了本方舱的两个辅助系统。该方舱适合在艰苦环境，特别是在无人区使用。经使用表明，该方舱满足野外测量保障的需要，结构紧凑，性能可靠。  相似文献   

我国“三北”防护林地区土地资源及其开发潜力探讨     

申元村 《地理研究》1994,13(2):20-26

本文简要总结了我国“三北”防护林地区土地资源的区域分异、质量、数量及防护林体系的开发潜力。  相似文献   

The catastrophic cyclone of April 1991: Its Impact on the economy of Bangladesh   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Gazi Md. Khalil 《Natural Hazards》1993,8(3):263-281

A very severe cyclonic storm with wind speeds of over 240 km/h struck the coastal areas of Bangladesh in the full moon night of 29 April 1991. The path of the eye, close to the shore, raised a storm surge of unusual height, reportedly more than 9 m above the mean sea level, which devastated the offshore islands and the mainland coast. The damage to the physical infrastructure of the port of Chittagong and adjoining industrial area has been colossal, and recovery will take years. Death tolls from the cyclone, storm surge and its aftermath exceeded 145 000 making it one of the world's major natural disasters of this century.This paper is concerned with examining the magnitude and intensity of the disaster. It analyses how the people of Bangladesh, and the environment in which they live, were affected by the cyclone. A brief account is presented of loss of life and of the damage suffered in various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and physical infrastructure.The paper lays emphasis on the need of building a sufficient number of multipurpose cyclone shelters in the disaster-prone coastal areas of Bangladesh. Adequate measures should be taken for evacuating people from vulnerable areas and putting them into these shelters in the event of a cyclonic storm. Simplification of the current cyclone warning system is recommended.The difficulties of providing relief to the survivors are discussed. And finally, the need for improvement of the communication infrastructure in the coastal areas is highlighted.  相似文献   

做好城市防震避险工作促进社会和谐稳定     

陈江驰 《国际地震动态》2008,(2):32-35

详实介绍了厦门市在地震宣传及救援方面取得的一些经验成果,包括采用多种手段对城市居民进行防震减灾常识教育,使居民具备应有的防震知识,使人们懂得避震的时机、方法,并在城市地震安全区设置避难场所,使居民能够在有组织、有目的的情况下进行自救互救,在对居民进行地震常识教育的同时,还注重对骨干的培训和组织演练,确保在破坏性地震发生时,使人民的生命财产损失降到最低限度。  相似文献   

青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设   总被引：62，自引：13，他引：49  

孙鸿烈  郑度  姚檀栋  张镱锂 《地理学报》2012,67(1):3-12

青藏高原对我国乃至亚洲生态安全具有重要的屏障作用。在全球变化和人类活动的综合影响下,青藏高原呈现出生态系统稳定性降低、资源环境压力增大等问题,突出表现为:冰川退缩显著、土地退化形势严峻、水土流失加剧、生物多样性威胁加大与珍稀生物资源减少、自然灾害增多等。这些问题严重影响了青藏高原区域生态安全屏障功能的发挥。针对当前高原生态安全状况,在总结相关研究成果和生态建设实践经验的基础上,提出了加强青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设的对策建议：加强气候变化对青藏高原生态屏障作用影响及区域生态安全调控作用的基础研究;系统开展高原生态安全屏障保护和建设关键技术研究与示范推广;部署建设生态屏障功能动态监测体系,加强生态安全屏障保护与建设成效评估,构建评估体系和标准,并凝练经验,以系统提升国家生态安全屏障的总体功能,在应对全球变化中占据主动地位。  相似文献   

利用计算机断层成像方法由观测图像重建等离子体层全球密度分布——地球遮挡问题   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

黄娅  徐荣栏  李亮  金鑫 《地球物理学报》2009,52(11):2683-2688

本文是利用计算机断层成像(CT)方法中的滤波反投影法(FBP)和代数迭代法(ART),根据等离子体层的仿真模型,重建其全球密度分布.在重建过程中,地球遮挡是一个很重要的问题.计算结果表明两种方法都可以使用,但ART比FBP重建的效果好.ART重建图像的相关系数可达0.98,而FBP重建图像的相关系数仅为0.86.FBP重建的偏差是由地球遮挡引起,向阳面靠近地球区域的密度会减小.从定量分析中可以进一步看出地球遮挡所引起的偏差变化.  相似文献   

敦煌莫高窟窟前林带防护效应的风洞实验   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

汪万福  安黎哲  冯虎元  张伟民  张国彬  李红寿  刘贤万 《中国沙漠》2009,29(3):383-390

洞窟环境包括窟内的温度、湿度、光照、气流等环境因素的适宜程度,对保护洞窟内的壁画和彩塑是十分重要的。洞窟环境不仅因洞窟所处的位置、大小、型制、有无窟门及窟门形式等而异,而且与窟外整个大环境密切相关。不同风况对洞窟内的气流交换起着重要的作用,也是造成石窟壁画彩塑风沙尘粒沉积、崖面风蚀的主要原因。通过风洞模拟实验,从窟前流场、洞窟环流、崖角形状及其受力等几个方面研究了窟前林带的防护效应和崖角防风蚀机理。结果表明：从控制洞窟水汽因素来讲,窟前以通风结构林带最佳,疏透结构林带次之,紧密结构林带欠佳。控制窟前林带灌溉强度,建立多次、少量的窟前林带灌溉制度,同时,在偏东风条件下尽量减少对窟前林带的灌溉,是控制林带生长和底层洞窟侧渗的重要一环。考虑到促进洞窟自然通风的需求,采用一定疏透度的窟门和采取必要的强迫通风,能够较大改善洞窟的自然通风和环境适宜状况。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地中心区域与边缘地带小气候   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

金莉莉  李振杰  何清  霍文  杨帆  杨兴华 《中国沙漠》2017,37(5):986-996

利用2013年8月至2014年7月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地中心和边缘地带气温、相对湿度、气压、风速和风向资料,对比分析了绿地中心和边缘地带的小气候特征。结果表明：该区域局地小气候主要体现在风速和春、夏、秋季湿度上,而气温和冬季湿度分别主要受逆温和逆湿的影响。白天,绿地中心区域的气温与边缘地带相差较小,但夜间二者相差较大;1月、4月、7月、10月夜间因近地层80 m内存在明显逆温现象,边缘地带所处地势较高,气温比中心区域高0.1~8.3℃、0.3~4.1℃、0.4~4.2℃、0.5~8.4℃。绿地中心区域3-10月湿度明显高于边缘地带,塔中本站湿度比西沙梁高0.3~1.8 g·kg^-1、比东沙梁高0.7~3.5 g·kg^-1,体现了绿化带增加湿度的作用,但1月因近地层80 m内具有明显逆湿现象,绿地中心区域湿度比边缘地带小。绿地中心区域和边缘地带3-10月风速较大,12月至次年2月风速较小;绿地中心区域风速明显小于边缘地带,塔中本站日平均最大风速比边缘地带约高0.5~1.0 m·s^-1,体现了植被对风速的减弱作用。  相似文献