西太平洋深海海水中乙醛降解菌多样性及群落结构研究     

高波良  商谢谢  李丽  狄文婕  曾润颖 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(8):54-64

As a major aldehyde pollutant widely existing in industry and our daily life, acetaldehyde is more and more harmful to human health. As characteristic habitat niche, bacteria from deep sea environments are abundant and distinctive in heredity, physiology and ecological functions. Thus, the development of acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria from deep sea provides a new method to harness acetaldehyde pollutant. Firstly, in this study,acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria in the deep sea water of the West Pacific Ocean were enriched in situ and in the laboratory respectively, and then the diversity of uncultured bacteria was studied by using 16 S r RNA genes. Then acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from two samples, including enrichment in situ and enrichment in laboratory samples of deep sea water from the West Pacific Ocean using acetaldehyde as the sole carbon source,and then the ability of acetaldehyde degradation was detected. Our results showed that the main uncultured bacteria of two samples with different enrichment approaches were similar, including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, but the structure of bacterial community were significant different.Four subgroups, α, γ, δ and ε, were found in Proteobacteria group. The γ-Proteobacteria was dominant(63.5%clones in laboratory enriched sample, 75% clones in situ enriched sample). The species belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and their proportion was nearly identical between the two enrichment samples, and Vibrio was the predominant genus(45% in laboratory enriched sample, 48.5% in situ enriched sample), followed by Halomonas(9% in situ enriched sample) and Streptococcus(6% in laboratory enriched sample). A total of 12 acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from the two samples, which belonged to Vibrio, Halomonas,Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus of γ-Proteobacteria. Strains ACH-L-5, ACH-L-8 and ACH-S-12,belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas, have strong ability of acetaldehyde degradation, which could tolerate 1.5 g/L acetaldehyde and degrade 350 mg/L acetaldehyde within 24 hours. Our results indicated that bacteria of γ-Proteobacteria may play an important role in carbon cycle of deep sea environments, especial the bacteria belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas and these strains was suggested for their potentials in government of aldehyde pollutants.  相似文献   

基于熵权TOPSIS模型的海岛地区资源环境承载力研究——以舟山普陀区、定海区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐文斌  郭灿文  王晶  程义远  徐鹏杰  张宏晔 《海洋通报》2018,(1):9-16

随着海洋强国、"一带一路"、生态文明建设等国家战略的不断推进,海岛在国家政治、军事、经济、社会、生态中的地位不断提高,海岛开发、利用的规模越来越大,其生态保护也面临着新的挑战。本文依据资源环境承载力内涵,兼顾海岛资源环境特点,研究形成海岛地区资源环境承载力评价指标体系,综合应用熵权法、TOPSIS(逼近理想解排序方法)模型评价了典型海岛地区——普陀区与定海区2009-2015年间的资源环境承载力状况,结果表明:普陀和定海资源环境承载力水平呈稳步提升趋势,各个时期的环境保护政策和节能减排相关措施在环境保护与污染治理等方面起到了较为积极的作用。最后,在基于生态系统的海岛综合管理框架内提出了对策建议。  相似文献   

日照市土壤地球化学元素分布规律及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

庞绪贵  宋娟娟  代杰瑞  喻超  张华平  陈磊  任天龙  王红晋 《山东国土资源》2018,34(4)

在日照市开展多目标区域地球化学调查，获取了表层土壤和深层土壤地球化学数据，通过对获得的地球化学参数进行统计分析，确定了日照市土壤地球化学基准值和背景值，认为日照市除部分元素或指标外，大部分元素或指标土壤地球化学基准值和背景值与全省土壤地球化学基准值和背景值接近。研究发现，日照市As，Cd，Cr，Cu，Hg，Ni，Pb，Zn等8种重金属元素背景值含量低于国家土壤环境质量标准的土壤一级标准限值，日照市土壤质量基本保持自然背景水平；而受工业化生产和城市化建设等后期人为活动影响，日照市表层土壤中Cd，C，Hg，N，P，S，Se，Corg等元素或指标出现明显富集，应引起重视。  相似文献   

“海上丝绸之路”超大城市环境变化遥感分析     

冯素云  张凯选  鹿琳琳 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(5):602-612

随着城市化进程的加快,如何及时、精确地对城市环境的变化做出评价,进而制定出合理的发展方案,对城市可持续发展至关重要。本文综合利用卫星遥感获取的PM_2.5浓度数据、地表温度数据（Land Surface Temperature,LST）、植被指数数据（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）及城市用地辅助信息数据,基于综合评价指标,分析海上丝绸之路沿线12个超大城市地区2000-2013年环境质量的动态变化。研究结果表明,2000-2013年,海上丝绸之路沿线约75%的超大城市呈现出不同程度的环境恶化现象。12个超大城市用地环境恶化及逐步恶化面积占研究区域总面积的31.33%（4732.39 km²）。2000-2013年,城市扩张用地恶化和逐步恶化面积约占总扩张用地的29.48%（3765.83 km²）。平均地表温度的上升、植被覆盖度的急剧下降及PM_2.5浓度的增加均对海上丝绸之路沿线超大城市环境质量变化产生影响。其中,空气中PM_2.5浓度的大幅度增加是2000-2013年海上丝绸之路沿线超大城市扩张用地环境退化的主要原因。  相似文献   

北京北运河水系夏季底栖动物功能摄食类群与环境因子的关系     

王汨  杨柏贺  孟云飞  马思琦  杨露  殷旭旺  徐宗学  郝长琦 《广东海洋大学学报》2018,(1)

【目的】评价北京北运河水系河流生态系统状态,分析底栖动物群落与环境因子之间的相关性。【方法】2015年6月对北京地区夏季北运河水系33个样点的大型底栖动物群落结构和水环境理化因子特征进行野外调查,基于香浓维纳指数、均匀度指数、底栖动物功能摄食类群的划分以及典范对应分析等方法,分析底栖动物群落组成和空间结构特征。【结果】共鉴定出底栖动物3门23种,各采样点位平均密度为1037.35 ind/L,香浓维纳指数平均值为0.88,均匀度平均值为0.41。全区大型底栖动物共划分成5类功能摄食类群,其中刮食者物种数占绝对优势,滤食者密度占绝对优势。典范对应分析表明,夏季影响北运河底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是水温和p H。【结论】北运河水系底栖动物群落香浓维纳指数较低,水体污染较为严重。  相似文献   

中国近海海上新能源开发环境风险综合区划     

靳双龙  陈建 《海洋科学》2018,42(3):63-76

针对海上新能源开发的环境风险问题,基于中国近海的海面风场、海浪和热带气旋资料,统计其高值频率、概率极值、平均值、气候变化趋势等指标;利用层次分析法和互反判断矩阵计算近地层大风、大浪、热带气旋危险性指数,并对三者的综合危险性指数进行区划,为中国近海海上风能、波浪能、海流能、潮汐能等开发活动规避自然风险提供参考。研究表明:海上新能源开发环境风险偏高的海区包括南海北部、吕宋海峡、菲律宾海中北部等,该海域热带气旋引发局地大风巨浪或将能量经吕宋海峡向南海传播形成大浪区;风险居中的海区包括北部湾、南海中部、菲律宾海中南部、台湾周边沿岸海域、东海中部等,这里虽然有台湾海峡、越南东南部海域等盛行大风区,但其相对热带气旋来说风险较低;风险偏低的海区包括渤海、黄海大部、东海西北部、南海南部等,这里风浪的各项指标都很低,热带气旋的直接和间接影响几乎为零。此外,利用有效风速出现频率、波浪能开发有效时间占比,分别进行风能、波浪能资源区划,给出海上风能、波浪能的资源与风险综合区划。  相似文献   

营养限制对三种浮游动物的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈蕾  李超伦  周孔霖  时永强  刘梦坛 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(4):58-68

Nutrient imbalance—a mismatch in nutrient ratios between the available food supply and the demands of consumers—has the potential to be transported up food chains,exposing zooplankton to nutrient limitations.In this study,the response of Calanus sinicus(copepod),Moina mongolica(cladocera),and Brachionus plicatilis(rotifer) to nutrient-limited(no-limited,P-limited,and N-limited) food were evaluated from the perspective of growth,reproduction,and stoichiometric homoeostasis.The results indicated that the growth of three species was suppressed under nutrient-limited(especially P-limited) conditions.However,the effect of nutrient limitations on their reproduction was species-specific.For C.sinicus,the dietary UFA(unsaturated fatty acid) as a major phospholipid component affected their egg production and total FA supporting energy promoted the hatchability of eggs.Furthermore,excess carbon in the diet promoted egg production but reduced hatching success.For M.mongolica,nutritional(P and UFA) and energy(total FA) support affected their fecundity.B.plicatilis fecundity exhibited the same pattern of growth(no-limitedN-limitedP-limited).In terms of stoichiometric homeostasis,B.plicatilis' s elemental compositions were less likely to be affected by nutrient limitations than M.mongolica.We suggest that the effects of nutrient imbalances could potentially become an evolutionary force affecting ecosystem structure and stability in eutrophic waters.  相似文献   

基于边际效应分析的海洋资源环境承载力评估          下载免费PDF全文

李爱  杨正先 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(4):44-50

海洋资源环境的开发利用可视为将海洋资源环境作为生产投入要素的广义生产行为,因此受边际效应递减规律的制约。本研究基于资源环境边际效应的经济学视角,以对海洋资源环境破坏较大的填海造地建设为研究重点,通过基于GIS的海洋资源环境边际机会成本评估和基于边际效应分析的海洋资源环境承载力评估模型,建立海洋资源环境承载力的评估理论和方法,重新认识海洋资源环境承载力在海域管理绩效评估和科学决策中的重要作用,为区域海洋资源优化配置提供新的方法体系;关键成果是构建基于边际效应分析的海洋资源环境承载力评估模型,模型将海洋资源环境纳入宏观生产投入要素,由宏观要素的边际收益测算承载力极限阈值,其中对海洋资源环境的市场价值和非市场价值的正确评估是承载力评估的关键。  相似文献   

白令海大型底栖动物群落结构及其空间分布格局     

林和山  刘坤  王建军  黄雅琴  李众  林俊辉  何雪宝  张舒怡  牟剑锋  王雨  邢炳鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(6):72-81

Due to its unique geological location, the Bering Sea is an ideal place to investigate the water exchange and ecosystem connectivity of the Pacific Ocean–Arctic Ocean and subarctic–Arctic region. Based on a number of summer surveys(July to September, 2010, 2012 and 2014), macrobenthic communities and their spatial-temporal patterns are exhibited for the majority of the Bering Sea(53°59′–64°36′N). The results show that the macrobenthic communities were dominated by northern cold-water species and immigrant eurythermic species, and the communities assumed a dispersed and patchy distribution pattern. Polychaetes(Scoloplos armiger), crustaceans(Ceradocus capensis) and sea urchins(Echinarachnius parma) were the main dominant groups in the shallow shelves; the sea star(Ctenodiscus crispatus) and the brittle star(Ophiura sarsii) were the main dominant groups in the continental slope; whereas small polychaetes(Prionospio malmgreni) dominated the basin area. Sediment type, water depth, and currents were the major factors affecting the structure and spatial distribution of the macrobenthic communities. Compared with other seas, the shallow areas of the Bering Sea showed an extremely high-standing biomass. In particular, the northern shelf area(north of St. Lawrence Islands and west of 170°W),which is primarily controlled by Anadyr Water, is an undersea oasis. In contrast, a deficiency in the downward transport of particulate organic carbon has resulted in a desert-like seabed in the basin area. By comparing our results to previous studies, we found that macrobenthic communities of the Bering Sea have undergone significant structural changes in recent decades, resulting in a decrease in abundance and an increase in biomass.In addition, populations of amphipods and bivalves in the northern shelves have decreased significantly and have been gradually replaced by other species. These changes might be associated with advanced seasonal ice melting,changes in organic carbon input, and global warming, indicating that large-scale ecosystem changes have been occurring in the Bering Sea.  相似文献   

基于BSWT-DDTFA方法的地球天然脉冲电磁场震前信号时频分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

郝国成  白雨晓  吴敏  王巍  刘辉 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4063-4074

地球天然脉冲电磁场（ENPEMF）信号，可理解为地球天然变化磁场的瞬间扰动，携带了大量有用的地质构造及其动力学信息.研究ENPEMF信号所蕴含的时间-频率联合分布特点，有利于深入了解目标对象的地球物理现象及其地质动力学原理.本文针对ENPEMF信号的非平稳特点，在数据驱动时频分析方法（DDTFA）的基础上提出了基于二值化同步压缩小波变换的改进算法（BSWT-DDTFA）.该算法可以实现数据驱动初始相位自动赋值的功能，具有自适应性.实验仿真和实际数据均证明了该改进算法不仅能够得到较为精确的频率曲线和更加清晰的时频分布，而且具有较强的抗噪声能力.以2013年芦山M_S7.0地震为例，利用BSWT-DDTFA方法提取ENPEMF信号的时频特性，结果表明ENPEMF信号的时间-频率-幅度分布在震前有明显的异常特征.  相似文献