苏里格西部致密砂岩气藏储层成岩作用特征及孔隙度定量演化     

魏千盛 《地质与勘探》2021,57(2):439-449

为了探究鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格西部地区储层致密成因及孔隙演化规律,本文基于铸体薄片、电镜分析和高压压汞等室内测试,通过建立理论计算模型,对其苏48区储层的孔隙演化进行定性分析与量化表征。分析结果表明,区内盒8段储层岩性主要为石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩,储层成岩阶段处于早成岩和中成岩阶段,部分达到晚成岩期,成岩作用顺序依次为:压实-硅质胶结-绿泥石胶结-黏土矿物胶结-溶蚀溶解-碳酸盐胶结;量化结果显示:压实作用和胶结作用是造成储层孔隙度下降的主要因素,其中压实作用使得原始孔隙度下降22%,胶结作用使其下降9.81%,溶蚀作用对储集空间有所改善,增加了3.88%的孔隙,最终形成了当今平均孔隙度为7.47%的致密砂岩储层。据理论计算与实测物性数据进行对比,计算结果与实测结果基本吻合,相对误差小于3%。根据成岩作用的作用强度,结合岩石特征分析,可将研究区盒8段储层成岩相划分出4种,即弱-中胶结强溶蚀相、中胶结中溶蚀相、中溶蚀强胶结相和强压实致密相。综合试气成果可知,弱-中胶结强溶蚀相区域气产量较为可观,可将弱-中胶结强溶蚀相区域作为天然气持续上产的主要研究区域。  相似文献   

文昌A凹陷珠海组砂岩碳酸盐胶结物发育特征及其对储层质量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

姜平  王珍珍  邹明生  陈孝君  陆江  尤丽 《地球科学》2021,46(2):600-620

碳酸盐胶结物是一类砂岩储层中最常见的成岩胶结交代物.厘清碳酸盐胶结物的发育特征、期次及其含量,可定量分析碳酸盐胶结物对储层质量的影响程度.以文昌A凹陷珠海组海陆过渡相砂岩储层的碳酸盐胶结作用为研究重点,分凹陷中心与近珠三南断裂两个主体区域,利用岩石学分析、铸体薄片显微镜下鉴定、阴极发光分析、同位素分析等技术手段,明确了碳酸盐胶结物类型、含量、赋存状态与期次特征,定量分析了碳酸盐胶结作用对储层质量的影响.结果表明,文昌A凹陷珠海组碳酸盐胶结物具有多类型、多期次等典型特征,其在垂向及平面上的分布特征均具较为明显的规律性.碳酸盐胶结减少的孔隙度占比为9.7%~43.0%,平均为20.7%,占全部胶结物减少孔隙的33.6%~88.2%,平均为60.6%;且碳酸盐胶结物对粗粒度岩性的孔隙度影响更大.受断裂带分布及热流体活动影响,碳酸盐胶结物在近南断裂带比凹陷中心更为发育.凹陷中心碳酸盐弱胶结或远离南断裂带区域可作为寻找文昌A凹陷低渗背景下“甜点”储层的有利区带.   相似文献   

Palaeoenvironmental and diagenetic reconstruction of a closed‐lacustrine carbonate system – the challenging marginal setting of the Miocene Ries Crater Lake (Germany)     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(1):235-262

Chemostratigraphic studies on lacustrine sedimentary sequences provide essential insights on past cyclic climatic events, on their repetition and prediction through time. Diagenetic overprint of primary features often hinders the use of such studies for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Here the potential of integrated geochemical and petrographic methods is evaluated to record freshwater to saline oscillations within the ancient marginal lacustrine carbonates of the Miocene Ries Crater Lake (Germany). This area is critical because it represents the transition from shoreline to proximal domains of a hydrologically closed system, affected by recurrent emergent events, representing the boundaries of successive sedimentary cycles. Chemostratigraphy targets shifts related to subaerial exposure and/or climatic fluctuations. Methods combine facies changes with δ ¹³C–δ ¹⁸O chemostratigraphy from matrix carbonates across five closely spaced, temporally equivalent stratigraphic sections. Isotope composition of ostracod shells, gastropods and cements is provided for comparison. Cathodoluminescence and back‐scatter electron microscopy were performed to discriminate primary (syn‐)depositional, from secondary diagenetic features. Meteoric diagenesis is expressed by substantial early dissolution and dark blue luminescent sparry cements carrying negative δ ¹³C and δ ¹⁸O. Sedimentary cycles are not correlated by isotope chemostratigraphy. Both matrix δ ¹³C and δ ¹⁸O range from ca −7·5 to +4·0‰ and show clear positive covariance (R  = 0·97) whose nature differs from that of previous basin‐oriented studies on the lake: negative values are here unconnected to original freshwater lacustrine conditions but reflect extensive meteoric diagenesis, while positive values probably represent primary saline lake water chemistry. Noisy geochemical curves relate to heterogeneities in (primary) porosity, resulting in selective carbonate diagenesis. This study exemplifies that ancient lacustrine carbonates, despite extensive meteoric weathering, are able to retain key information for both palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and the understanding of diagenetic processes in relation to those primary conditions. Also, it emphasizes the limitation of chemostratigraphy in fossil carbonates, and specifically in settings that are sensitive for the preservation of primary environmental signals, such as lake margins prone to meteoric diagenesis.  相似文献   

铁同位素在现代海洋环境的示踪研究     

刘瑾  宋金明  袁华茂  李学刚  李宁  段丽琴  曲宝晓  王启栋  邢建伟 《地质论评》2018,64(5):1225-1236

随着海洋环境介质铁同位素测试技术的发展,特别是海水和沉积物中不同铁赋存形式的同位素组成研究备受重视,铁同位素已经展现出对各类生物地球化学过程的崭新的示踪作用。本文在不同铁价态和赋存形式之间转化的专属分馏机制框架总结基础上,汇总了现代海洋环境中大气沉降、陆源径流、沉积物、地下水和海底热液等不同来源的铁同位素特征范围,探讨了海洋内部铁循环的生物地球化学过程,包括生物吸收、颗粒态/溶解态铁的转化以及清除作用的铁同位素分馏机制,辨析海水剖面在不同层位上铁同位素组成的主导控制因素。另外,应用溯源混合模型甄别大西洋、太平洋和南大洋等多个海域铁来源,以此验证了全球气候变化与海陆多个物理化学过程的密切关系;利用不同结晶度和反应活度的矿物铁同位素数据可示踪早期成岩过程中铁还原的深度和程度,亦有助于辨析古海洋沉积物的铁同位素数据并提高古氧化还原环境的重建精度。  相似文献   

西湖凹陷某构造低渗储层成岩演化研究          下载免费PDF全文

程超  朱文娟  廖恒杰  丁芳  李爽爽 《中国地质调查》2018,5(4):33-39

使用西湖凹陷某构造的常规岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及储层物性分析资料,利用视压实率、视胶结率和视溶蚀率等参数,定量研究了西湖凹陷某构造低渗储层成岩演化序列及孔隙演化过程。研究结果表明: (1)研究区低渗储层孔隙类型以次生溶蚀孔隙为主,粒间溶蚀孔是最主要的次生孔隙类型。(2)机械压实作用是储层低渗的主要因素,导致原始孔隙度损失达65%,溶蚀作用产生的次生溶蚀孔隙一定程度上使储层物性变好。(3)研究区处于中成岩阶段A2期和中成岩阶段B期,成岩演化序列为: ①脆性颗粒破碎,塑性颗粒变形,局部绿泥石衬边胶结; ②部分长石及岩屑早期溶解,早期石英次生加大; ③碳酸盐胶结并交代石英、长石等,石英颗粒发生溶蚀作用; ④碳酸盐、长石、岩屑等矿物溶蚀形成次生孔隙,石英次生加大; ⑤晚期铁方解石少量胶结、交代。该研究成果可为西湖凹陷低渗气藏优质储层的预测与评价提供科学依据。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地中部姚店油田上三叠统长4＋5储层砂岩的成岩作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

雷晓岚  张林  于波  李江  吴剑 《地质通报》2009,28(5):603-608

根据砂岩薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X－衍射等分析,对姚店油田三叠系延长组长4+5油层砂体的岩石学特征、成岩作用阶段划分、成岩作用类型及其对孔隙的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,该区长4+5储层储集砂体成分主要以长石砂岩为主。成岩作用类型包括压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用。砂岩经历了早期成岩阶段A、B期和晚期成岩阶段A期（A1、A2 期）的成岩演化过程。早期的压实作用、多种矿物胶结作用是使物性变差的2个重要因素,但早成岩阶段形成的绿泥石膜保护了一些砂岩的原生孔隙;晚成岩阶段A期的溶蚀作用,特别是长石的溶蚀是储层物性变好的重要成岩控制因素  相似文献   

超深低孔特低渗砂岩储层的孔隙成因及控制因素——以库车坳陷克深地区巴什基奇克组为例     

孙海涛  钟大康  李勇  毛亚昆  杨宪彰 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(3):693-704

库车坳陷克深地区白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩经过了漫长的埋藏过程和复杂的成岩演化,形成了一套超深低孔特低渗储层。本文详细描述了该储层的孔隙成因类型,并分析了其控制因素。通过鉴定大量铸体薄片和荧光薄片,并利用场发射扫描电镜与激光共聚焦显微镜等手段进行分析,综合考虑形态、规模和成因3个依据识别出8类孔隙和2类裂缝,认为该低孔特低渗储层为孔隙型储层,次生成因控制的孔隙占主导地位;并提出早期长时间浅埋藏及所处的碱性环境导致了弱压实及强胶结,后期的构造挤压进一步减孔,而晚期溶蚀虽是次生孔隙形成的主要原因,但其并未大规模有效改善储层的低孔现状。  相似文献   

重庆南川三汇场寒武系碳酸盐岩中不同期次大气淡水作用的证据          下载免费PDF全文

钱一雄  何治亮  李国蓉  董少峰  彭守涛  沃玉进  张军涛  焦存礼  张文涛 《古地理学报》2019,21(2):278-292

多期构造叠加及多种成岩环境下的早古生代碳酸盐岩储集层形成机理十分复杂。重庆南川三汇场剖面寒武系碳酸盐岩出露完整,是研究沉积与成岩史的理想解剖点之一。研究表明,三汇场剖面寒武系白云岩分别经历了早期海水胶结、大气淡水淋滤、准同生白云岩化、中浅层埋藏、中期构造大气水作用、中晚期埋藏及热液作用和构造晚期表生大气水成岩作用,不同期次的大气淡水作用特征不同。在早成岩期,沿向上变浅的高频层序界面附近发育了鲕模孔、窗格溶孔等组构性溶孔,胶结物和充填物的δ¹⁸O、δ¹³C值均比同期海水负偏,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值与同期海水相近,不发光(CL),含有较小的液相包裹体;加里东晚期—海西期,发育了非组构扩溶孔洞缝,伴有氧化沥青,不发光充填物的δ¹⁸O、δ¹³C负偏、⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值正偏,发育含烃的低温不混溶包裹体,并叠加后期的深埋藏及热液成岩作用;燕山期和喜马拉雅期, 发育孤立的非组构溶蚀孔洞、缝洞,多被巨晶方解石或黏土充填,方解石中δ¹⁸O、δ¹³C强烈负偏($\delta^{13}C_{PDB}$=-4.6‰~-23.4‰,$\delta^{18}C_{PDB}$=-8.6‰~-17.8‰)、含有低温不混溶包裹体(<28.5℃),是有机质或生物甲烷(细)菌参于下的表生大气水成岩作用产物。  相似文献   

琼东南盆地松南-宝岛凹陷梅山组碎屑岩储集性及成岩作用研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵燚林  马遵青  陈国俊  杨海长  李超  田兵 《沉积与特提斯地质》2019,39(4):14-26

通过岩石铸体薄片和扫描电镜观察,结合压汞测试、微米CT扫描技术、X射线衍射、流体包裹体分析等,刻画琼东南盆地凹陷梅山组碎屑岩的岩石学面貌和物性特征,研究成岩作用以及对储集性能的影响,并通过成岩岩相分析预测了有效储层的可能发育区带。研究表明,琼东南盆地凹陷梅山组碎屑岩岩性以长石质石英细砂岩、粉砂岩为主,点-线接触,颗粒支撑结构。胶结物类型主要是黏土矿物和碳酸盐矿物。孔隙类型主要是粒间溶孔,其次为残余粒间孔和粒内溶孔,孔隙大小中等,以细-特细喉道为主,具有中孔、低渗-特低渗特征。破坏性成岩作用主要是压实作用,其次为胶结作用,主要的建设性成岩作用是溶蚀作用。三角洲前缘可能是研究区梅山组碎屑岩中有效储层发育的有利区带。  相似文献   

Formation of magnesium‐smectite during lacustrine carbonates early diagenesis: Study case of the volcanic crater lake Dziani Dzaha (Mayotte – Indian Ocean)     

Vincent P. Milesi  Didier Jzquel  Mathieu Debure  Pierre Cadeau  Franois Guyot  Grard Sarazin  Francis Claret  Emmanuelle Vennin  Carine Chaduteau  Aurlien Virgone  Eric C. Gaucher  Magali Ader 《Sedimentology》2019,66(3):983-1001

The volcanic crater lake of Dziani Dzaha in Mayotte is studied to constrain the geochemical settings and the diagenetic processes at the origin of Mg‐phyllosilicates associated with carbonate rocks. The Dziani Dzaha is characterized by intense primary productivity, volcanic gases bubbling in three locations and a volcanic catchment of phonolitic/alkaline composition. The lake water has an alkalinity of ca 0·2 mol l^?1 and pH values of ca 9·3. Cores of the lake sediments reaching up to one metre in length were collected and studied by means of carbon–hydrogen–nitrogen elemental analyzer, X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry and X‐ray powder diffraction. In surface sediments, the content of total organic carbon reaches up to 20 weight %. The mineral content consists of aragonite and hydromagnesite with minor amounts of alkaline feldspar and clinopyroxene from the volcanic catchment. Below 30 cm depth, X‐ray diffraction analyses of the <2 μm clay fraction indicate the presence of a saponite‐like mineral, a Mg‐rich smectite. The saponite‐like mineral accumulates at depth to reach up to ca 30 weight %, concurrent with a decrease of the contents of hydromagnesite and organic matter. Thermodynamic considerations and mineral assemblages suggest that the evolution of the sediment composition resulted from early diagenetic reactions. The formation of the saponite‐like mineral instead of Al‐free Mg‐silicates resulted from high aluminum availability, which is favoured in restricted lacustrine environments hosted in alkaline volcanic terrains commonly emplaced during early stages of continental rifting. Supersaturation of the lake water relative to saponite is especially due to high pH values, themselves derived from high primary productivity. This suggests that a genetic link may exist between saponite and the development of organic‐rich carbonate rocks, which may be fuelled by the input of CO₂‐rich volcanic gases. This provides novel insights into the composition and formation of saponite‐rich deposits under a specific geodynamic context such as the Cretaceous South Atlantic carbonate reservoirs.  相似文献