Monitoring active open-pit mine stability in the Rhenish coalfields of Germany using a coherence-based SBAS method     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

With the recent progress in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology, especially the new generation of SAR satellites (Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X), our ability to assess slope stability in open-pit mines has significantly improved. The main objective of this work is to map ground displacement and slope instability over three open-pit mines, namely, Hambach, Garzweiler and Inden, in the Rhenish coalfields of Germany to provide long-term monitoring solutions for open-pit mining operations and their surroundings. Three SAR datasets, including Sentinel-1A data in ascending and descending orbits and TerraSAR-X data in a descending orbit, were processed by a modified small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm, called coherence-based SBAS, to retrieve ground displacement related to the three open-pit mines and their surroundings. Despite the continuously changing topography over these active open-pit mines, the small perpendicular baselines of both Sentinel-1A and TerraSAR-X data were not affected by DEM errors and hence could yield accurate estimates of surface displacement. Significant land subsidence was observed over reclaimed areas, with rates exceeding 500 mm/yr, 380 mm/yr, and 310 mm/yr for the Hambach, Garzweiler and Inden mine, respectively. The compaction process of waste materials is the main contributor to land subsidence. Land uplift was found over the areas near the active working parts of the mines, which was probably due to excavation activities. Horizontal displacement retrieved from the combination of ascending and descending data was analysed, revealing an eastward movement with a maximum rate of ∼120 mm/yr on the western flank and a westward movement with a maximum rate of ∼ 60 mm/yr on the eastern flank of the pit. Former open-pit mines Fortuna-Garsdorf and Berghein in the eastern part of Rhenish coalfields, already reclaimed for agriculture, also show subsidence, at locations reaching 150 mm/yr. The interferometric results were compared, whenever possible, with groundwater information to analyse the possible reasons for ground deformation over the mines and their surroundings.  相似文献   

基于模糊隶属度的雷电危险度等级评定          下载免费PDF全文

王秀英  王军  罗少辉  冯有成 《干旱区地理》2019,42(3):534-541

利用2013—2017年青海省西宁市测站半径10 km的闪电定位监测数据，选取地域范围一小时内的地闪数目和一小时内的最大雷电流幅值作为雷电危险度因子。确定因子分级的上下限和因子区间划分，计算出单因子雷电危险度等级的隶属度与权重。采用梯形分布函数和模糊统计方法确定雷电危险度因子的隶属度函数，根据隶属度函数得出模糊矩阵，并进行模糊矩阵复合运算，求出雷电危险度综合指数，得出雷电危险度等级。结果表明：根据建立的模糊综合评判方法能够全面、客观、准确地反映一次闪电过程的危险度状况，有效评定雷电危险度等级，评定结果较为客观地反映了雷击事件的实际状况，从而为气象防灾减灾、雷电灾害调查和雷击风险评估等业务提供科学性的决策服务和参考依据。  相似文献   

A theory of loosening earth pressure above a shallow tunnel in unsaturated ground     

Xu Fang  Mamoru Kikumoto  Ying Cui 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(10):1495-1508

A theory is proposed to evaluate the loosening earth pressure (vertical earth pressure after excavation) acting on a shallow tunnel in unsaturated ground with an arbitrary groundwater level. The theory is developed based on the limit equilibrium theory, combining soil–water characteristic curves, Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria, and effective stress for unsaturated soils. The proposed theory is applied to predict the vertical distribution of loosening earth pressure in unsaturated ground, which shows a significant difference from that in saturated ground. In unsaturated ground, suction contributes to the increase in effective loosening earth pressure and shear resistance. The remarkable effects of groundwater depth, soil type, and scale of overburden height and trapdoor width on loosening earth pressure are also revealed. Based on the soil–water characteristic curve, the degree of saturation decreases, which causes wet density to decrease and the total and effective loosening earth pressures to have contrary tendencies. Moreover, effective loosening earth pressures vary with soil type as the degree of saturation varies. The total loosening earth pressures are, however, very similar regardless of soil type, because wet density and shear resistance have similar tendencies. The proposed theory provides a valid model for loosening earth pressure in unsaturated ground that will be useful for shallow tunnel excavations.  相似文献   

倾斜摄影实景模型悬空地物处理方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王哲奇  徐柳华  俞志强 《测绘通报》2020,(5):111-114

为更好解决传统倾斜摄影实景模型悬空地物处理过程中对三维采编环境的过度依赖，本文提出了一种基于倾斜摄影三角网络分析的实景模型悬空地物处理技术方法。该技术方法将三维三角网进行降维处理，通过分析降维后二维三角网节点上边线的辐射特性，快速定位地物边缘点，同时结合聚类分析算法、最小凸边提取等技术方式，实现对悬空地物边界的快速定位、消除。试验选取植被这类悬空地物作为研究对象，验证了文中的技术方法对倾斜摄影实景模型悬空地物处理具有较好的适用性，能极大降低倾斜摄影实景模型数据处理中对三维环境的要求，降低数据处理的难度。  相似文献   

西南岩溶地区碳循环观测与模拟研究进展和展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马明国  汤旭光  韩旭军  时伟宇  宋立生  黄静 《地理科学进展》2019,38(8):1196-1205

岩溶地区碳循环具有地表与地下双层结构的相互渗透、有机与无机碳循环的相耦合以及生物与非生物过程的相关联等特征,相对于其他陆地生态系统更为特殊和复杂。中国西南地区是全球最大范围的喀斯特连续出露地区,前期研究结果表明该区域的碳循环路径与过程是基本清晰的,但岩石-土壤-植被-大气-水不同界面间的碳通量及迁移转化机制仍然不明确,亟待开展小流域尺度碳循环各个分量的精细观测,以及区域尺度的碳循环遥感估算和模型模拟工作。论文对西南岩溶地区碳循环观测与模拟研究的进展进行了梳理,在此基础上展望下一步需要重点开展的工作,该研究可以为评估全球气候变化对该地区影响及制定适应对策提供参考。  相似文献   

寒区隧道保温设防长度工程实践与研究进展综述北大核心CSCD     

庞小冲  朱小明  穆彦虎  张坤  张力杰  郑波  李凌洁 《冰川冻土》2022,44(3):998-1010

保温法是目前寒区隧道建设中应用最为广泛的一种冻害防治方法。通过敷设保温材料可以减缓隧道结构、围岩体与洞内空气的热量交换过程,进而减小或避免衬砌与围岩体内的季节冻融,实现冻害防治的目的。在工程设计中,隧道保温段的敷设长度和厚度是两个关键参数,其中敷设厚度相对容易确定,但是敷设长度的确定目前缺乏统一的标准和简便可靠的方法,给隧道保温设计带来了一定的难度和不确定性。基于此,对包括现有铁路和公路规范要求、经验公式、工程类比法、理论解析法、数值模拟法等寒区隧道保温段敷设长度确定方面的工程实践、研究进展和挑战进行了系统的总结,并在此基础上提出保温设防设计用气象数据的选取方法、保温设防长度确定的依据、隧道进出口的差异性,以及季节冻土与多年冻土区隧道的差异等未来工程实践和科学研究仍需解决和研究的重点,以期能够为寒区隧道保温防冻工程设计难题的解决提供参考。  相似文献   

Permafrost and taliks and their changes on the south and north banks of the Tuotuo River in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under the climate warming北大核心CSCD     

卫丁  赵廷虎  穆彦虎  刘富荣  丁泽琨  刘自成 《冰川冻土》2022,44(2):427-436

The distribution of permafrost and taliks is very complex in the Tuotuo River Basin(TRB), which is located in interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Characterizing the spatial distribution and the thermal stability of permafrost and taliks is of great significance to community activities and engineering construction in TRB. Based on the zonation of permafrost and talik distribution around TRB conducted in the 1980s, the soil temperature and its variation process of permafrost and taliks in the south and north banks of the Tuotuo River were analyzed by using the observation data of five boreholes(N1~N5)along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in the north bank and five boreholes(S1~S5)on the first terrace in the south bank. The results showed that, under the climate warming, permafrost and taliks in the north banks experienced significant degradation and warming process. From 2005 to 2020, the permafrost at the N1 borehole has undergone a significant down-draw degradation process, from extremely unstable and high-temperature permafrost to thawed zone. From 2005 to 2013, the annual average ground temperature of the talik at N2 increased at a rate of 0. 3~0. 4 °C·(10a)-1. At Maqutang on the south bank, permafrost prevails from the first-class terrace to the gentle slope of the Kaixinling Mountain, with both through and non-through taliks on the first-class terrace. The spatial distribution and the thermal stability of permafrost and talik in the TRB are further promoted by analyzing the changes in temperatures at boreholes in the basin. However, to meet the requirements of mapping and engineering construction of permafrost and taliks in the TRB, it is still necessary to carry out geological investigation with multiple methods and in-depth research on development mechanism of taliks in the future. © 2022 Nanjing Forestry University. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

Distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of active layer thickness in Tanggula area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD     

杜二计  杨斌  谭昌海  肖瑶  刘广岳  邹德富  赵拥华  吴晓东  吴通华  赵林  胡国杰  周华云  李智斌  汪易 《冰川冻土》2022,44(2):376-386

多年冻土区活动层的冻融过程显著影响地-气间的水热交换、地表水文过程、冰缘地貌演变及寒区工程建设。活动层厚度的空间分异规律及其空间分布的准确模拟计算是冻土学研究的基础和核心问题之一。作为青藏高原中部东西走向最大的山脉和青藏高原多年冻土的主要分布区,唐古拉地区是青藏高原南部湿润区与北部干旱区的过渡区,该地区的活动层厚度空间分异规律研究对于揭示青藏高原多年冻土区活动层厚度整体空间分布规律具有重要意义。利用唐古拉地区南、北坡两个区域野外实测活动层厚度分布数据,分析了该区域活动层厚度的空间分异特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明,活动层厚度分布的突出特点是空间分异巨大,最小值仅为1.2 m,最大值达到5.6 m。以不同植被类型区活动层的平均厚度为对比标准,其分布特征为：沼泽草甸<高寒草甸<高寒荒漠<高寒草原,高寒草原的平均活动层厚度最大。对比南、北坡,南坡活动层厚度普遍大于北坡。Stefan方程的计算结果表明,活动层厚度的变化速率随土壤含水率的变化最大,其次为土壤热导率,而随地表融化指数的变化最小。实测土壤含水率、探坑数据及地表融化指数与活动层厚度分布关系表明,影响活动层厚度空间分异的最为敏感的因素为土壤含水率,其次为土壤热导率,地表融化指数的敏感性最小。  相似文献   

Long-term thermal stability study of the typical embankment along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in warm permafrost regions北大核心CSCD     

徐岳震  申明德  周志伟  马巍  李国玉 《冰川冻土》2022,44(6):1784-1795

Using the long-term ground temperature monitoring data of the permafrost zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 2006 to 2020,three types of typical roadbed structures were analyzed. Traditional embankment（TE）,U-shaped crushed rock embankment（UCRE）and crushed rock revetment embankment（CRRE）were included the three types of typical roadbed,which were selected to the long-term monitoring sections within the warm permafrost zones. The evolution of ground temperature field,mean annual ground temperature （MAGT）and annual maximum ground temperature（AMGT）in the depth range of 20 m under the embankment were analyzed and studied since 15 years of operation. The monitoring and analysis results show that：the growth rate of MAGT under the left and right shoulders of the TE is always higher than that of the same depth in the natural site. The MAGT under the UCRE is always lower than the natural site and always maintains a certain difference,whereas,the difference in ground temperature under the left and right shoulders is also not negligible. The MAGT of the left shoulder in the CRRE is not much different from that of the natural hole,while the MAGT of the right shoulder is always lower than that of the natural hole,and the differ in ground temperature between the left and right shoulders is smaller than that of the UCRE. The artificial permafrost table（APT）under the TE is always lower than that of in the natural site. Both the UCRE and CRRE,the APT in the left and right shoulders of them has been elevated into the embankment,and the differ of APT between the left and right shoulders is about 1. 0~1. 5 m. the differ of APT between the left and right shoulders in the CRRE is slightly lower than that of UCRE. Overall,because of the influence of thermal disturbance about engineering and climate warming,the TE in the warm permafrost zones cannot keep the thermal stability of permafrost under the embankment. Some active-cooling and reinforcement measures need to be taken. Both of the UCRE and CRRE,have a certain active-cooling effect on the permafrost under embankment,but the differ in ground temperature between the left and right shoulders still needs to be taken seriously. © 2022 Science Press (China).  相似文献   

基于镜像法的隧道地表沉降时间效应计算方法     

李鹏飞  勾宝亮  朱萌  高晓静  郭彩霞 《岩土力学》2022,43(3):799-807

随着国内各城市地下道路建设的不断发展,地下开挖引起周围结构损坏甚至塌陷的事故时有发生,因此,合理地预测地表沉降对于保护地面建（构）筑物具有重要意义。将地表沉降速度系数与三维镜像法相结合,建立了考虑时间效应的隧道地表沉降计算方法,并以深圳某地铁区间隧道为例,通过与现场监测数据进行对比分析,验证了该方法的合理性,并利用该方法进一步分析了隧道停止施工时地表横、纵向沉降随时间的变化规律,通过参数分析明确了地表沉降量与地表沉降速度的时间效应。研究结果表明：地表沉降量与地表纵向沉降最大斜率随停工时间的增加逐渐增大并最终趋于稳定;地表最大沉降速度随开挖速度与沉降速度系数的增大呈对数型函数增长,但地表最终沉降量受二者的影响较小;地表最终沉降量和地表最大沉降速度随地层损失量的增大而线性增大;地表最大沉降速度出现的时间与地层损失的大小无关。  相似文献