长江河口浮泥形成机理及变化过程   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

李九发  何青  徐海根 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(3):302-310

1976年以来，在长江河口盐水楔和最大浑浊带活动的河道进行了20余次现场观测，本文在现场观测资料基础上，确认长江河口浮泥由细颗粒泥沙组成，中值粒径在8－11.5um,小于2um的粘土占28.18%-36.39%,长江河口浮泥是悬沙在盐水混合环境中絮凝沉降于近义廾风暴潮再悬浮泥沙形成的高浓度浑水层，在成因类型上分为憩流浮泥，盐水楔浮泥和风暴潮浮泥，第1种在涨或落潮转流期低流时形成，规模大，厚度薄，第2种在盐水楔发育时形成，规模较小，厚度较大，第3种在大风后形成，规模大，厚度薄，第2种在盐水楔发育时形成，规模较小，厚度较大，第3种在大风后形成，规模大，范围广，若三者相遇，则浮泥厚度和范围最大，浮泥具有枯季，大小潮秽暴周期变化规律，长江河口河道多的浮泥层，浮泥层的变化与河口拦门沙的冲淤有良好的正相关。  相似文献   

东海带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)渔获量与邻近海域水文环境变化的关系   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

陈永利  王凡  白学志  白虹  纪风颖 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(5):404-412

利用35年的东海区带鱼年渔获量资料与长江径流及东海温、盐断面资料、SST和黑潮流量资料，分析了东海渔获量年际变化与海洋环境的关系。结果表明，东海渔获量与长江径流和黑潮暖流的变化有密切的关系，长江径流量大时，东海渔获量高；反之，则低。1960年以来东海区渔获量的4次长期波动与长江径流的年代际变化基本一致。东海渔获量的丰、欠与黑潮(流量)的强、弱呈反位相变化，秋季的黑潮流量与渔获量的变化关系尤其显著；黑潮强(弱)时，东海渔获量低(高)。受长江径流和黑潮的影响，渔获量与盐度的高相关区夏季位于长江口区，秋季则位于黑潮左侧的盐锋内；东海渔获量高(低)分别与区域内盐度的低(高)变化相一致。东海区渔获量与不同季节SST变化的高相关区(即渔场区)关系密切，冬季(2月)位于东海北部的大沙渔场，春(5月)、夏季(8月)位于长江口舟山渔场，秋末初冬(12月)位于舟山及陆架暖流区，渔获量丰年与渔场区SST正异常相对应。  相似文献   

Bottom Sediment Transport in the Flood and Ebb Channels of the Changjiang Estuary     

刘高峰  沈焕庭  王永红  吴加学 《海洋通报(英文版)》2004,6(1):88-95

Nanxiaohong and Nangang main south channel are chosen as the typical flood and ebb channels. Hydrodynamics analysis based on field hydrological and sediment data is conducted with Gao-Collins model to analyse sediment transport trends. Also, the grain size distribution analysis of the bottom sediment sampled in Sep. 2001 is used as the base of the analysis. The result shows that the sediment in Nanxiaohong is from the rive mouth area. The sediment transports upwards with the flood flow which is stronger than the ebb flow, i.e., in the direction of SE-WN. The sediment in main south channel comes from upward. They transport downwards with the ebb flow. which is stronger than the flood flow, i.e., in the direction of WN-SE. The directions, sources and mechanism of sediment transport are identified according to comprehensive analyses of the observed data on hydrodynamics and sediment.  相似文献   

Particulate n-alkanes and fatty acids in the Changjiang river system     

WU Ying  ZHANG Jing  LIU Sumei  ZHANG Zaifeng  CHEN Hongtao  XIONG Hui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(2):36-48

Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream.  相似文献   

闽江河口沉积结构与沉积作用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

刘苍字  贾海林  陈祥锋 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(2):177-184

结合已有的闽江河口航道整治研究成果，在该河口采集了130多个表层沉积物样品。根据对沉积结构、河口沙坝类型和水动力条件的分析，探讨了闽江河口沉积物的分布规律和沉积作用机制。研究结果表明，1）闽江河口可划分为砂质、混合和泥质3个沉积区，它们分别代表三角洲前缘、前缘斜坡和前三角洲沉积环境；2）闽江河口各汊道径、潮流强度对比不同，河口沉积过程有显著差异。径流在川石水道的发育中居主导作用，潮流是塑造梅花水道的主要因素；3）河口沙坝类型受制于输出水流的扩散形式，闽江河口有多种类型的河口沙坝，川石水道的河口沙坝为水下突堤型，乌猪水道北侧发育了水下突堤型沙坝，熨斗水道为拦门沙型河口沙坝，梅花水道则是潮流脊型的河口沙坝。  相似文献   

长江（公安段）不同地貌成因类型冲积土中Cd的分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵宾  欧阳建平  李方林  徐明钻  张德存  杨军 《地质科技情报》2008,27(5)

长江流域多目标地球化学调查成果显示,长江沿岸冲积带土壤中存在着重金属元素Cd的高值分布.以位于湖北省境内的长江公安段冲积带土壤为研究对象,分析了Cd在不同地貌成因类型浅层(0～20 cm)土壤中的横向分布特征,重点研究了Cd横向、垂向分布特征与Corg含量、pH值和黏粒含量(用硅铝率反映)分布特征的关系.结果表明:①研究区浅层土壤中ω(CA)的分布特征为,湖积低平原区、冲-湖积低平原区及冲洪积低洼平原区地貌成因类型土壤中的含量明显高于冲洪积高漫滩平原区、冲洪积高亢平原区地貌成因类型土壤,其质量分数差异达1.4～1.8倍;②研究区不同地貌成因类型土壤中,ω(Cd)的横向分布特征主要受黏粒含量分布的控制,其次是ω(C<,org);垂向分布特征的主要控制因素是ω(C<,org).  相似文献   

Distribution of heavy metals in an incineration system of solid wastes in the Three-Gorges region of the Yangtze River   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

HUANG Chuan WANG Li＇ ao CHEN Gangcai LUO Yu ZHANG Jun CUI Zhiqiang 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(2):189-193

On the basis of investigations on the composition and contents of heavy metals in the domestic refuse in the Three-Gorges region of the Yangtze River, in combination with the experimental results, this paper deals with the distribution rule of heavy metals in the various compartments of an incineration system： leachate pool, fly ash and residue. It is concluded that in the leachate pool heavy metals should not be neglectable since about 30% of Pb and 10% of Cr are leached here; in the incineration system, above 74% of Cr, As and Pb exists in residue; above 96% of Hg exists in fly ash and the contents of Cd in fly ash are close to those of residue. It is also concluded that the physical conditions of incineration have a significant influence on the distribution of heavy metals in the incineration system.  相似文献   

Experimental research on the influence of two cultivation practices on rainfall runoff- and （sandy and muddy） sediment-generating processes in purple soil environment     

XU Pei  ;WANG Yukuan  ;FU Bin 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(4):370-376

Rainfall simulations have been conducted to study the soil erosion process of purple soil in two cultivation practices---contour cultivation and downslope cultivation. Results showed that under the two cultivation practices, the surface runoff can be described by the logarithmic function formula. In the initial period of rainfall, the amount of runoff increased with the rainfall duration and 20 minutes later it became relatively constant. The changing process of soil erosion rate may be described by the logarithmic function formula. The erosion rate increased with the rainfall duration and 20 minutes later it also became constant. Under downslope cultivation condition, the soil erosion rate increased more significantly than that under contour cultivation condition in the case of gentle rainfall intensity, and there is no obvious difference in erosion rate for downslope cultivation and contour cultivation practices. However, with increasing rainfall intensity the soil erosion rate under the downslope cultivation condition could be more than 30 times that under the contour cultivation condition. But this kind of difference would be reduced to some extent in the case of heavy rain.  相似文献   

塔里木河流域2006年“四源一干”河川径流及输水运行分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

张建岗  王建文  马辉明  高前兆  沈永平  王进  毛炜峄  龚伟华  王顺德 《冰川冻土》2008,30(4)

2006年塔里木河四条源流出山口天然径流量268.9×108m3, 比正常年份偏多17.4%, 属偏丰水年. 其中, 阿拉尔站以上的三条源流(阿克苏河、叶尔羌河、和田河)出山口天然径流量为228.6×108m3, 比正常年份偏多18.0%;开都河-孔雀河为40.33×108m3, 比正常年份偏多20.4%, 属偏丰水年. 四条源流入塔里木河总水量为50.26×108m3, 占出山口天然径流总量的18.7%. 其中: 阿拉尔站以上三条源流入塔里木河水量为47.58×108m3, 占三条源流出山口天然径流总量的20.8%. 2006年塔里木河干流上游段耗水量33.55×108m3, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的58.8%, 是塔里木河干流最大的耗水区段;中游段耗水量16.56×108m3, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的29.0%, 比多年平均耗水量22.51×108m3减少5.95×108m3;下游段耗水量6.97.16×108m3. 上游耗水量在增加, 中游耗水量在减少, 下游耗水量接近多年平均值. 2006年第8次向干流下游输送生态水2.33×108m3, 其中由博斯腾湖下泄0.26×108m3, 由塔里木河自身来水下泄2.07×108m3. 此次输水由前7次的应急输水转变为功能性输水, 由以往输往塔里木河尾闾台特玛湖, 转变为以扩大下游生态灌溉面积为目的, 尝试以激活天然种子库, 高效利用水资源, 进一步恢复塔里木河下游生态植被范围. 2000-2006年连续共8次生态输水, 已累计由大西海子水库向塔里木河下游输送生态水22.75×108m3, 生态、经济、社会效益日益显著.  相似文献   

新疆塔什库尔干河冰雪水文特征与水能开发潜力     

巴合提瓦尔&#;马苏尔  熊凤英  哈德尔&#;阿布都哈力  沈永平 《冰川冻土》2008,30(6)

塔什库尔干河流域是叶尔羌河中上游的主要支流之一,流域主要为高中山区,平均海拔4 630 m,高山区终年积雪,冰川发育.降水量的年内分配不均匀,暖季汛期降水量大而集中.塔什库尔干河流域发育有现代冰川862.45 km2,流域冰川覆盖率为8.64%.河流径流过程一般为双峰型,由春季的融雪径流和夏季的冰川融水径流形成,冰川融水占年径流的45%～55%,为典型的冰雪融水河流.塔什库尔干河的水能资源非常丰富,河道末段81 km的河道干流上有天然落差达1 020 m,在此河段上共规划了7个梯级水电站,总装机55.8×104 kW,目前尚有40.8×104 kW水电装机待开发.开展塔什库尔干河水能资源的开发利用,对增加能源供应安全、改善能源结构、保障能源安全具有非常重要的意义.  相似文献