裂缝、裂隙介质衰减频散研究          下载免费PDF全文

张繁昌  路亚威  桑凯恒  黄建平 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3164-3174

为研究裂缝、裂隙介质中波致流引起的衰减,将裂缝看作背景孔隙岩石中非常薄且孔隙度非常高的层状介质,并等价成White周期层状模型.分别考虑不同类型的裂隙和孔隙之间的挤喷流影响,结合改进的Biot方程,推导得到裂缝裂隙介质的刚度与频率的关系.当缝隙中饱含流体时,介质的衰减和速度频散受裂缝、孔隙之间和裂隙、孔隙之间流体流动的显著影响.在低频极限下,裂缝裂隙介质的性质由各向异性Gassmann理论和挤喷流模型获得;而在非常高的频率时,由于缝隙中的压力来不及达到平衡,波致流的影响可忽略.分析表明,裂隙密度主要影响波的衰减,而裂隙纵横比主要控制优势衰减频率和速度显著变化的频率范围;由于不同裂隙的衰减机制不同,衰减和速度频散大小有所差异,但基本趋势相同.  相似文献   

浙江西部梅汛期两次相似落区暴雨过程对比分析     

沈晓玲  潘灵杰  左骏  桑明慧  章丽娜 《干旱气象》2022,40(2):244-255

  相似文献   

民航飞行CO₂排放及其对气候变化影响研究综述     

李耀辉  于敬磊  谷娟  桑文军  靳晓琳  黄玉 《地球科学进展》2023,(1):9-16

碳排放是国际社会共同关注的热点,从碳减排到碳中和,已成为全球共同的目标。CO₂是航空飞行排放中最丰富的气体,尽管在人类活动碳排放总量中占比不大,但其影响会成数倍增加,因此,全球性应对气候变化的共同行动使得航空运输业必须重视CO₂排放。随着我国民航业快速发展,航空燃油消耗所产生的碳排放也在不断增长,这就给我国实现碳减排目标徒增压力,所以,民航飞行碳排放的气候变化效应问题就显得十分重要,且具有很强的科学性。国内外特别是国际上就这一课题进行了较多研究,形成了较丰富的成果。通过对相关主要成果的深入研阅和凝练,从碳排放测算、碳排放对气候变化的影响等方面评述了目前较为主流的航空飞行碳排放及其气候变化效应的研究进展和工作动态,并提出了未来的探索方向。通过对航空飞行排放影响的另一个角度的梳理总结,有助于未来更加全面地认识气候变化问题,以期为相关部门学者和科技工作者开展我国科学全面的减排对策研究提供参考。  相似文献   

上海市海洋倾废管理研究          下载免费PDF全文

桑恒春  高如峰  刘鲁燕 《海洋开发与管理》2012,29(9):60-65

文章梳理了海洋倾废管理法律法规和国家海洋局文件;按季度和港区统计了2009—2011年签发的许可证数量和倾倒量,分析统计数据,揭示倾倒量的时间和空间分布及其原因;统计分析各倾倒区的分布和使用情况,指出吴淞口北是使用频率最高的近岸倾倒区,年倾倒总量应控制在400万m3,长江口1#倾倒区应调配接受近岸疏浚物;分析疏浚物资源化利用的重要性,上海市已开展相关研究和工程实践;分析倾废管理现状,指出申请材料存在的问题,提出倾废管理改进措施;详细介绍了倾废记录仪安装试点和制订海洋倾废规范性文件工作,争取从地方性法规层面明确倾废记录仪的法律地位和记录数据的法律效力,规范性文件将规定禁止倾倒建筑渣土等物质。文章通过对上海市倾废管理多个方面的综述、统计和分析,旨在提高管理水平,也为其他沿海地区提供借鉴。  相似文献   

利用限制性最大似然方法和贝叶斯方法估计大菱鲆生长性状的遗传参数。   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

官健涛  王伟继  胡玉龙  王陌桑  田涛  孔杰 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(6):47-51

Bayesian and restricted maximum likelihood(REML) approaches were used to estimate the genetic parameters in a cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus stock. The data set consisted of harvest body weight from 2 462progenies(17 months old) from 28 families that were produced through artificial insemination using 39 parent fish. An animal model was applied to partition each weight value into a fixed effect, an additive genetic effect, and a residual effect. The average body weight of each family, which was measured at 110 days post-hatching, was considered as a covariate. For Bayesian analysis, heritability and breeding values were estimated using both the posterior mean and mode from the joint posterior conditional distribution. The results revealed that for additive genetic variance, the posterior mean estimate( δ_a~2=9 320) was highest but with the smallest residual variance,REML estimates( δ_a~2=8 088) came second and the posterior mode estimate( δ_a~2=7 849) was lowest. The corresponding three heritability estimates followed the same trend as additive genetic variance and they were all high. The Pearson correlations between each pair of the three estimates of breeding values were all high,particularly that between the posterior mean and REML estimates(0.996 9). These results reveal that the differences between Bayesian and REML methods in terms of estimation of heritability and breeding values were small. This study provides another feasible method of genetic parameter estimation in selective breeding programs of turbot.  相似文献   

浙江夏季弱天气尺度强迫背景下午后局地热对流特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

沈晓玲  章丽娜  桑明慧  李文娟 《热带气象学报》2023,(4)

利用常规高空观测资料、浙江多普勒雷达产品、ERA5逐小时再分析资料(0.25 °×0.25 °),统计分析了2015—2021年浙江夏季(6—8月)弱天气尺度强迫背景下午后局地热对流(根据移动速度分为移动型和少动型两类)的时空分布特征、生命周期特征、环境参数特征等。(1) 两类热对流触发频次相当,年际变化均较大,但年、月、日变化趋势基本一致,午后出现少动型局地热对流的可能性更大,而傍晚出现移动型局地热对流的可能性更大。(2) 局地热对流的触发与地形密切相关,对流高频区位于浙东沿海、浙西北、浙西南山区,浙中北平原和盆地均为低频区,热对流触发频次均随高度增加而减少,多触发于山脉及其附近的中低海拔处,中高海拔地区更容易触发少动型局地热对流。(3) 两类对流均在弱垂直风切变环境下即可触发,移动型单体更容易得到发展。  相似文献   

夜光藻研究的进展     

陈汉辉  杞桑 《海洋信息》1991,(10):27-28

  相似文献   

大鹏湾夜光藻种群的季节变化和分布特征     

黄长江  齐雨藻  杞桑  吕颂辉  江天久 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(5):493-498

于１９９０年３月－１９９２年６月对中国南海大鹏湾盐田附近海域的夜光藻种群动态及时空分布进行了综合调查，结果表明，夜光藻种群的出现期间一般为每年的１－６月，最早是１９９１年的１２月，娄量高峰期为３－５月，种群密度的波动极为显著；调查期间共发生８次赤潮，且都发生在３月初至５月初；大鹏湾夜光藻赤潮的发生特点是，赤潮的发生和消失突然，持续时间短，一般不超过３ｄ。  相似文献   

南海大鹏湾夜光藻种群在其生态群落中的地位和功能   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

黄长江  杞桑  齐雨藻  林小涛  欧强 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(4):348-355

分析了１９９１年上半年南海大鹏湾盐田水域夜光菏和浮游动、植物之间的种群动态关系，结果表明，在春季高峰期３月至５月初，调查海域共出现１２个夜光藻和浮游动、植物高峰。其中，以发生４次赤潮的夜光藻种群占主导地位，其次是枝角类的鸟啄尖头蚤，其最高数量高达９６２３８ｉｎｄ／ｍ＾３。相比之下，在夜光藻和枝角类岛啄尖头捕食压力的影响下，浮游植物的春季高峰并不显著。调查结果表明夜光藻的过度繁殖，不但对产浮游性卵的  相似文献   

基于微卫星(SSR)分子标记的中国对虾渤海湾增殖亲虾群体及回捕群体的遗传多样性分析     

王陌桑  王伟继  肖广侠  刘克奉  胡玉龙  田涛  孔杰  金显仕 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(8):51-56

Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 8–63 and 6–60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles(N_e) were 2.52–21.60 and 2.67–20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) values(0.638–0.910 and 0.712–0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity(H_e) values(0.603–0.954 and 0.625–0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests(2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. F_(is) values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients(F) of the two populations estimated by trio ML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. F_(st) values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes(3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014,the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed.  相似文献