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主要用圆盘Au电极的电化学循环伏安法定量分析强碱性溶液中BH4-的浓度。实验采用三电极体系,工作电极为Au电极,参考电极为Hg/HgO电极,分别用铂、石墨作辅助电极,测定了在碱性体系中,不同浓度NaBH4溶液的循环伏安图,得到相应浓度下峰值电流值,并讨论了在同一浓度下扫描速度对BH4-氧化电流的影响。实验还测量了以镍电极、铂电极为工作电极时溶液的循环伏安图,并与Au电极结果做了对比。结果表明,BH4-在Au电极上活性最高,Au电极做工作电极的三电极体系测量BH4-离子浓度是一种简单、快速的方法,在测定范围内(10-4～10-2mol/L)线性关系良好。 相似文献
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硫酸盐还原菌对海水状态和碳钢腐蚀行为的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用溶液环境参数和电极电化学参数测量技术研究了海水中硫酸盐还原菌生长和衰亡过程对溶液状态和D36碳钢腐蚀过程的影响。结果表明，硫酸盐还原菌通过新陈代谢作用把溶液中的硫酸盐转化为硫离子而增大了氧化还原电位和酸度，并导致D36钢的腐蚀电位负移和腐蚀速度增加。极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱证实，虽然金属腐蚀过程在上述过程中并未发生机理性变化，但阳极过程和部分阴极过程的加速是腐蚀速度增加的主要原因。上述结果同时表明．硫酸盐还原菌本身和新陈代谢中间体并未直接参与腐蚀过程，主要是通过产生的硫离子改变溶液状态来加速腐蚀过程的。 相似文献
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Vertical migration of elements from mineral deposits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There is currently widespread interest in the exploration community worldwide in the development of methods to locate deeply buried mineralisation. In the application of geochemical methods, some success has been achieved using the selective extraction of mobile and weakly bonded forms of elements (MWBE) in overburden. Studies in Russia commenced in the 1960s, and have continued in Russia and in other countries to the present time. This paper presents some examples of experimental and applied research carried out in Russia, specifically by members of VITR and then VIRG NPO Rudgeofizika (St. Petersburg). In particular, some characteristics of MWBE anomalies and rates of MWBE migration are illustrated, with reference to several case studies in geochemical exploration for base metal and precious metal deposits. 相似文献
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Débora V. Franco Wilson F. Jardim Julien F. C. Boodts Leonardo M. Da Silva 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(1):34-44
Perspectives, advances and environmental aspects concerning electrochemical ozone production applied to water purification are presented and discussed in relation to the conventional corona process (silent electric discharge). Ozone generated using a laboratory‐made electrochemical reactor was applied for the discoloration/degradation of dyes used in the Brazilian textile industry and for degradation of endocrine disruptors. A constant ozone load of 0.35 ± 0.02 g/h was used throughout. The study, concerning color removal from dye solutions, revealed that total discoloration is rapidly achieved. The degradation rate of the textile dyes evaluated by TOC is little affected by the dye composition and considerably influenced by the pH and ozonation time. Analysis of the COD/TOC‐ratio indicates that ozonation increases oxidation feasibility of the organic matter (dye by‐products) when compared to the original compounds. Ozonation of mixed aqueous solutions containing different endocrine disruptors revealed these compounds are totally degraded with a very high removal rate. 相似文献
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Lourdes Vazquez‐Gomez Achille de Battisti Sergio Ferro Monica Cerro Silvia Reyna Carlos A. Martínez‐Huitle Marco A. Quiroz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(4):408-415
The electrochemical oxidation (EO) of diethyl phthalate (DEP) in aqueous solution was studied at Pb/PbO2 and Ti/SnO2 anode materials under galvanostatic‐experimental conditions. Results obtained clearly demonstrated that the anode plays a significant role for the optimization of the oxidation process, deciding the mechanisms and by‐products formed. DEP and by‐products of oxidation were also analyzed during various stages of the electrolysis reaction by HPLC and GC/MS techniques. Before the analysis by GC/MS technique, the samples were treated by solid phase microextraction (SPME) in order to concentrate the compounds from the reaction solution and identify all electrolysis intermediates. Current efficiencies (instantaneous current efficiency; ICE and total current efficiency; TCE) achieved during EO experiments were dependent on anode used and current density (20–40 mA cm?2) at 40°C. The results obtained demonstrated that the environmental electrochemical methods can be a feasible alternative for the wastewater treatment containing hazardous phthalates. 相似文献
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针对电化学作用能够显著增强煤中甲烷解吸渗流特性，但对其电极材料的选择缺乏依据的问题，采用实验的方法研究了铝、铁、铜和石墨四种电极材料对电化学改性无烟煤甲烷吸附解吸特性的影响．结果表明：（1）未改性自然煤样的甲烷饱和吸附量a为39.92mL·g~(-1)，由铝、铁、铜和石墨四种电极材料进行电化学改性后阳极区域煤样的甲烷饱和吸附量a分别降低了5.22%、8.48%、9.24%和11.33%，阴极区域煤样的甲烷饱和吸附量a分别降低了9.53%、4.97%、6.25%和4.97%;(2）未改性自然煤样在300min的甲烷解吸率为83.17%，经铝、铁、铜和石墨四种电极材料改性后阳极区域煤样的甲烷解吸率分别提高了9.50%、7.10%、8.36%和15.75%，阴极区域煤样的甲烷解吸率分别提高了1.76%、1.12%、6.10%和16.23%;(3）采用石墨作为电极的电化学对无烟煤甲烷解吸的影响效果最为明显，原因在于石墨阳极处电解反应生成较多的H~+离子，一方面对煤表面进行酸化，抑制了煤甲烷的吸附，另一方面更多地溶蚀煤中的碳酸盐和硫酸盐矿物，增加了煤中的孔隙，使得甲烷最终解吸率有所升高．本文的研究结果可为电化学强化煤甲烷解吸电极材料的优选提供基础依据． 相似文献
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Wondemagegnehu A. Gezahegne Britta Planer-Friedrich Broder J. Merkel 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(6):1221-1229
Natural samples were run in three parallel flow-through cells in the laboratory in order to study the difficulties of obtaining
stable redox potential readings, especially in gneiss groundwater and mine water with little redox buffer capacity. Redox
potentials were recorded every 2 min for up to 5 days. Measured redox potentials were compared to means of partial potentials,
modeled based on species-selective determinations of the most predominant redox-sensitive elements iron and nitrogen. Redox
potentials stabilized reproducibly within minutes for a synthetic redox buffer solution and two well-buffered acid mine water
samples at pH 2.3 and 3.5. For waters in redox disequilibrium, species-selective analytics might still be the better alternative
compared to measuring the redox potential as summary parameter for modeling species distribution. In cases where the redox
potential is the only readily available parameter, filtration and possibly acidification is recommended for quicker stabilization
of redox potential readings and less deviations between measured and modeled values. A minimum of 2% was achieved in the samples
investigated, however, often after measuring significantly longer than the previously suggested 30 min. Final stabilization
could take up to several hours in waters with low buffer capacity.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Résumé Afin d’étudier les difficultés à obtenir des lectures stables des potentiels redox, notamment sur les eaux souterraines présentes dans des gneiss et dans les mines, qui présentent un faible pouvoir tampon, des échantillons ont été prélevés régulièrement en laboratoire, dans trois cellules d’écoulement parallèles. Les potentiels redox ont été enregistrés toutes les deux minutes durant cinq jours. Ces potentiels redox mesurés ont été comparés aux moyennes des potentiels partiels, modélisés à partir des déterminations sélectives des espèces chimiques des éléments sensibles aux conditions redox les plus prédominants, le fer et l’azote. Les potentiels redox se sont systématiquement stabilisés en quelques minutes pour une solution tampon synthétique et pour deux échantillons d’eaux de mines acides bien tamponnées à pH 2.3 à 3.5. Pour les eaux en déséquilibre redox, des analyses sélectives des espèces chimiques seraient toujours la meilleure alternative aux mesures sommaires du potentiel redox, pour modéliser la distribution des espèces. Dans les cas où le potentiel redox est le seul paramètre directement disponible, une filtration et éventuellement une acidification sont recommandées pour obtenir une stabilisation plus rapide des lectures des potentiels redox, et pour réduire les écarts entre les valeurs mesurées et modélisées. Un minimum de 2% a été atteint parmi les échantillons étudiés, mais en prolongeant souvent les mesures au-delà des 30 minutes suggérées initialement. La stabilisation finale pourrait prendre jusqu’à plusieurs heures dans des eaux à faible pouvoir tampon.
Resumen Se han llevado a cabo experimentos en laboratorio sobre tres muestras naturales en tres células de flujo paralelas, para estudiar las dificultades en la obtención de medidas de potencial redox estables, especialmente en aguas subterráneas procedentes de gneisses y en agua de minas con capacidades tampón redox bajas. Los potenciales redox fueron medidos cada dos minutos durante más de cinco días. Los potenciales redox medidos fueron comparados con medias de potenciales parciales, modelizados en base a determinaciones selectivas de especies de hierro y nitrógeno, los elementos predominantes redox-sensitivos. Los potenciales redox se estabilizaron de forma reproducible en minutos en una solución redox tampón y dos muestras de agua ácida de pozos de mina a pH 2.3 y 3.5. Para aguas en desequilibrio redox los análisis selectivos por especies deberían ser todavía la mejor alternativa comparados con la medida del potencial redox como una suma de parámetros para modelizar la distribución de especies. En casos en los que el potencial redox sea el único parámetro fácilmente obtenible, se recomienda una filtración y una posible acidificación para una estabilización más rápida de las medidas de potencial redox y que haya menos desviaciones entre los valores medidos y los del modelo. En las muestras investigadas se consiguió un mínimo de un 2%, sin embargo, a menudo incluso después de medidas significativamente más largas que las previamente sugeridas de 30 minutos. La estabilización final tuvo lugar después de más de varias horas en aguas con capacidad tampón baja.相似文献
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研究微电流电解不同电流密度下铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的叶绿素荧光参数变化,从藻类生理生态特征方面揭示电解抑藻的作用机理.结果表明:对于体积一定而初始细胞密度不同的铜绿微囊藻藻液,微电流电解抑藻存在相应的临界电流密度阈值,当电流密度阈值时,藻的生长得到完全抑制.当电流密度阈值时,藻的光系统Ⅱ受损,但经过6 d的培养其生理活性可恢复正常.若电流密度临界值,电解胁迫将超过藻的耐受能力,从培养的第2 d开始藻的光系统Ⅱ功能完全丧失.电解抑藻一方面是通过破坏光系统Ⅱ和捕光天线藻胆体之间的连接,使藻胆体无法继续向光系统Ⅱ传递光能;另一方面是通过破坏藻细胞光系统Ⅱ结构,使其无法进行光合作用,最终导致藻细胞的死亡. 相似文献
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