旅游城市餐饮业空间布局特征--以拉萨市为例     

李云云  刘海洋  王灵恩 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(2):191-205

受城市功能定位、旅游消费驱动等因素影响,旅游城市餐饮产业空间布局具有其自身特征。通过对互联网电子地图POI数据的挖掘,并结合ArcGIS最近邻分析、标准差椭圆、核密度分析和缓冲区分析工具,本文分析了高原旅游城市拉萨市主城区餐饮业空间分布格局特征及其影响因素(基于道路交通、旅游资源和人口视角)。研究发现拉萨市主城区餐饮业空间分布总体呈现集聚特征,主要集中在交通发达和旅游资源密集区周边地区;常住人口集聚区域餐饮点同样集中布局,餐饮点密集区与实时人口密集区高度重叠。针对拉萨市城市空间结构、功能定位和旅游发展,文章进一步提出拉萨市餐饮业空间布局优化措施。  相似文献   

Timing and development of sedimentation of the Cleaverville Formation and a post‐accretion pull‐apart system in the Cleaverville area,coastal Pilbara Terrane,Pilbara, Western Australia     

Shoichi Kiyokawa  Yuhei Aihara  Mami Takehara  Kenji Horie 《Island Arc》2019,28(6)

In the Cleaverville area of Western Australia, the Regal, Dixon Island, and Cleaverville Formations preserve a Mesoarchean lower‐greenschist‐facies volcano‐sedimentary succession in the coastal Pilbara Terrane. These formations are distributed in a rhomboidal‐shaped area and are unconformably overlain by two narrowly distributed shallow‐marine sedimentary sequences: the Sixty‐Six Hill and Forty‐Four Hill Members of the Lizard Hills Formation. The former member is preserved within the core of the Cleaverville Syncline and the latter formed along the northeast‐trending Eighty‐Seven Fault. Based on the metamorphic grade and structures, two deformation events are recognized: D₁ resulted in folding caused by a collisional event, and D₂ resulted in regional sinistral strike‐slip deformation. A previous study reported that the Cleaverville Formation was deposited at 3020 Ma, after the Prinsep Orogeny (3070–3050 Ma). Our SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages show that: (i) graded volcaniclastic–felsic tuff within the black shale sequence below the banded iron formation in the Cleaverville Formation yields an age of (3 114 ±14) Ma; (ii) the youngest zircons in sandstones of the Sixty‐Six Hill Member, which unconformably overlies pillow basalt of the Regal Formation, yield ages of 3090–3060 Ma; and (iii) zircons in sandstones of the Forty‐Four Hill Member show two age peaks at 3270 Ma and 3020 Ma. In this way, the Cleaverville Formation was deposited at 3114–3060 Ma and was deformed at 3070–3050 Ma (D₁). Depositional age of the Cleaverville Formation is at least 40–90 Myr older than that proposed in previous studies and pre‐dates the Prinsep Orogeny (3070–3050 Ma). After 3020 Ma, D₂ resulted in the formation of a regional strike‐slip pull‐apart basin in the Cleaverville area. The lower‐greenschist‐facies volcano‐sedimentary rocks are distributed only within this basin structure. This strike‐slip deformation was synchronous with crustal‐scale sinistral shear deformation (3000–2930 Ma) in the Pilbara region.  相似文献   

Geochemistry,detrital zircon geochronology and Hf isotope of the clastic rocks in southern Tibet: Implications for the Jurassic-Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Lhasa terrane     

《Gondwana Research》2020

In order to reconstruct tectonic evolution history of the southern margin of Asia (i.e., Lhasa terrane) before the India-Asia collision, here we present a comprehensive study on the clastic rocks in the southern Lhasa terrane with new perspectives from sedimentary geochemistry, detrital zircon geochronology and Hf isotope. Clasts from the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous sedimentary sequences (i.e., Yeba and Chumulong Formations) display high compositional maturity and experienced moderate to high degree of chemical weathering, whereas those from the late Early-Late Cretaceous sequences (Ngamring and Shexing Formations) are characterized by low compositional maturity with insignificant chemical weathering. Our results lead to a coherent scenario for the evolution history of the Lhasa terrane. During the Early-Middle Jurassic (∼192-168Ma), the Lhasa terrane was speculated to be an isolated geological block. The Yeba Formation is best understood as being deposited in a back-arc basin induced by northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys ocean with sediments coming from the interiors of the Lhasa terrane. The Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Lhasa-Qiangtang collision resulted in the formation of a composite foreland basin with southward-flowing rivers carrying clastic materials from the uplifted northern Lhasa and/or Qiangtang terranes. During the late Early-Late Cretaceous (∼104-72Ma), the Gangdese magmatic arc was uplifted rapidly above the sea level, forming turbidites (Ngamring Formation) in the Xigaze forearc basin and fluvial red beds (Shexing Formation) on the retro-arc side. At the end of Late Cretaceous, the Lhasa terrane was likely to have been uplifted to high elevation forming an Andean-type margin resembling the modern South America before the India-Asia collision.  相似文献   

福贡地区石炭系地层可能属于拉萨地块:来自碎屑锆石年龄谱的指示   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

信迪  杨天南  薛传东  廖程  韩雪  梁明娟  李晓天 《岩石学报》2018,34(5):1335-1346

欧亚与印度大陆的碰撞使得印度大陆的北东角强烈挤入欧亚大陆内部,形成东构造结,其引发的强烈变形将南羌塘地块、北羌塘地块、拉萨地块、保山地块、兰坪-思茅地块以及地块之间的缝合带挤压于很窄的范围内,造成青藏高原腹地与其东南缘之间构造单元划分、对比困难。滇西福贡地区位于青藏高原东南缘,东构造结影响范围内,是三江造山带及青藏高原相关地块的汇聚处。福贡地区石炭系岩石组合表明其形成于较为稳定的浅海相沉积环境中,具有被动大陆边缘沉积特征。三件石炭系二云母石英片岩碎屑锆石表面年龄数据(194个有效分析点)形成五个主要年龄区间:2550~2400Ma、1800~1550Ma、1200~1080Ma、1000~850Ma和600~480Ma,峰值分别为~2502Ma、~1724Ma、~1120Ma、~886Ma和~512Ma。对比其他地块同时代地层的碎屑锆石年龄谱表明,福贡地区石炭系可能是拉萨地块的一部分,与腾冲地块一样,属于其南延部分。结合中新生代岩浆岩带的构造连续性,我们认为,印度板块东北角向北、北东方向的强烈挤压导致拉萨地块及冈底斯岩浆岩带弯曲、缩颈、并发生分离与旋转。  相似文献   

Early Cretaceous K-rich rhyolites from the Duolong Cu–Au deposit,southern Qiangtang,China: evidence for crustal growth     

Wei Wang  Cai Li  Jian-Jun Fan  Wei Xu  Yu-Chao Dong 《International Geology Review》2018,60(9):1098-1115

We report new zircon U–Pb age, Hf isotopic, and major and trace element data for rhyolites from the Duolong Ore Concentration Area of the Southern Qiangtang Terrane. Building on previous studies, we constrain the tectonic setting and propose a model to explain the geodynamics and crustal growth during regional magmatism in the Early Cretaceous. The analysed rhyolites yield laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb ages of 115 and 118 Ma. The rocks are K-rich (K₂O = 6.66–9.93 wt.%; K₂O/Na₂O = 8.2–19.7 wt.%), alkaline and peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.02–1.46), and are characterized by high SiO₂ contents (72.8–78.8 wt.%) similar to highly fractionated I-type granites. Fractionation of Fe–Ti oxides, plagioclase, hornblende, Ti-bearing phases, apatite, monazite, allanite and zircon contributed to the variations in major and trace element chemistry. High K₂O contents are likely due to partial melting of the continental crust. The samples have positive zircon εHf(t) values ranging from +7.1 to +11.2. These features, together with young zircon Hf crustal model ages of 489–721 Ma, indicate that the K-rich rhyolites were derived from juvenile lower crust with an input of a mantle-derived component. We suggest that the Early Cretaceous K-rich rhyolites formed in a continental arc setting during northward subduction of Bangong Co–Nujiang oceanic lithosphere. Basaltic magma underplating was responsible for vertical crustal growth, triggered by slab roll-back in the Duolong Ore Concentration Area in the Early Cretaceous.  相似文献   

新疆尾亚—天湖地区花岗岩类剥蚀程度估算及对区域找矿的启示     

李季霖  陈正乐  周涛发  韩凤彬  张文高  霍海龙  刘博  赵同阳  韩琼  李平  郑加行  陈贵民 《地学前缘》2021,28(3):355-378

尾亚—天湖地区位于新疆中亚造山带东南部的中天山地块内,晚古生代—中生代岩浆活动强烈,产出了战略性关键矿产尾亚钒铁磁铁矿。在详细岩相学观察的基础上,对尾亚、天湖和沙泉子南岩体中的角闪石和黑云母进行了电子探针(EMPA)测试分析,限定了3个岩体结晶的温压条件、氧逸度、含水量和含铁指数等要素,为解析中天山地块的岩浆-成矿物化条件及其区域找矿勘查工作提供参考。测试结果表明,该区花岗岩类中的角闪石富镁、钙、钠,贫钾,属于钙角闪石族;黑云母有高镁、钛、铝、钾和低硅、钠的特征为镁质黑云母。角闪石和黑云母的化学成分揭示其寄主岩浆为钙碱性造山带岩系,具有壳幔混源的特征,推测可能是板块俯冲背景下由地幔楔与大陆地壳物质混熔形成。根据角闪石-黑云母矿物温压计,估算出沙泉子南石英闪长岩的结晶温度为651~753 ℃,压力为31~79 MPa,尾亚二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩的结晶温度为762~833 ℃,压力为85~215 MPa,天湖花岗闪长岩的结晶温度为668~812 ℃,压力为31~117 MPa。3个岩体岩浆结晶时的氧逸度lgf(O₂)范围为-15.7~-9.4,而且在角闪石结晶时岩浆具有较高的含水量。综合分析,认为该区的花岗岩类具有高温、低压、高氧逸度、富水和高含铁指数的特点,有利于Fe等成矿元素在流体中富集,具有良好的铁矿成矿条件。进一步利用角闪石-黑云母压力计,计算了花岗岩类岩体的侵位深度,从而估算出岩体的剥蚀程度处于2.2~5.5 km,且区域的隆升剥蚀量差异明显;结合现有的矿产地表展布特征,推测天湖岩体一带深部仍具有较好的铁矿找矿潜力。  相似文献   

地体的单向和多向聚合与离散     

朱文斌  王玺  葛荣峰 《地质学报》2021,95(1):124-138

地体构造是对板块构造理论的发展和补充,它受控于全球板块动力学体系,因此不能将地体与板块割裂开来去研究。其相对于刚性板块的小规模、多样性和广泛性,对了解全球板块的离散和大陆的拼贴增生过程具有十分重要意义。地体构造无处不在,它不仅存在于中、新生代陆缘造山带中,也存在于古老造山带中,一些古老的克拉通实际上也是由不同的地体拼合而成的。地体的运动包括聚合、离散和走滑三种方式,地体的增生作用是聚合的主要表现形式,并导致大陆的生长扩大,而地体的离散作用联合增生作用,决定了现代大陆的轮廓。分析地体聚合和离散的过程,可以发现有两种不同的模式,即单向聚合-离散和多向聚合-离散,它们对应了不同的地球动力学过程。地体的单向聚合-离散可以由大洋的俯冲增生或大陆汇聚碰撞而导致,但在这个过程中,大洋向大陆的单向俯冲起到了主导作用。地体的多向离散和聚合与岩石圈的裂解与汇聚有密切联系,从全球构造演化的格局来看,岩石圈裂解与汇聚的方向本身具有多向性,这就导致了一些微陆块地体与具洋壳性质的地体一同发生多向离散和聚合。地体的单向离散和聚合会因构造变动而转变为多向离散和聚合,俯冲板片回转与海沟后撤会导致俯冲带弯曲和俯冲方向的改变,这是引起上述转变的原因。  相似文献   

青藏高原岩石圈三维电性结构   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

杨文采  金胜  张罗磊  瞿辰  胡祥云  魏文博  于常青  于鹏 《地球物理学报》2020,63(3):817-827

本文报道通过综合大地电磁调查数据研究青藏高原岩石圈三维电阻率模型的初步成果.大地电磁法调查区域已经覆盖了高原大部分面积,为全区三维电阻率成像研究打下了可靠的基础.对多个测区大地电磁数据进行精细的同化处理和反演成像,取得了青藏高原可靠的岩石圈三维电阻率结构图像.成像的区域为28°N—35°N,80°E—104°E.三维反演计算时采用的网格尺寸为20km×20km,垂直方向不等间距剖分为26层.结果表明,青藏高原现今岩石圈电阻率扰动主要反映印度克拉通对亚欧大陆板块俯冲引起的热流体运动和大陆碰撞和拆离产生的构造.在岩石圈地幔,察隅地块、喜马拉雅地块和拉萨地块东部联成统一的高电阻率地块,它们反映了向北东俯冲的印度克拉通.雅鲁藏布江、班公—怒江和金沙江缝合带都有明显的低电阻率异常,表明岩石圈深处有热流体活动.雅鲁藏布江、班公—怒江和金沙江缝合带都有明显的低电阻率异常,也表明它们的岩石圈还有流体活动.青藏高原东部的低阻区沿100°E向地幔下方扩大,反映了金沙江断裂带有切穿岩石圈的趋势.地幔电阻率平面扰动的模式显示,青藏高原东西部的地体碰撞拼合形式和方向是不同的.在青藏高原西部,羌塘、拉萨和喜马拉雅等地体从北到南碰撞拼合.在青藏高原东部,羌塘—拉萨、察隅、印支、雅安和扬子等地体多方向拆离拼合,在地壳造成不正交的拆离带和压扭构造系.从高阻-低阻区的分布看,东部的地体拼合有地幔的根源,今后还会进一步发展.察隅地块岩石圈对青藏高原东部的楔入,使其北部和东部地块的岩石圈发生拆离撕裂,也造成热流体上涌的低电阻率异常.  相似文献   

胶北地体早前寒武纪重大岩浆事件、陆壳增生及演化   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

刘建辉  刘福来  丁正江  刘平华  王舫 《岩石学报》2015,31(10):2942-2958

早前寒武纪重大岩浆事件是早期陆壳增生及演化的主要地质作用。本文通过系统总结最近几年胶北地体早前寒武纪重大岩浆事件代表性岩石的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究的最新成果,厘定出太古宙~2.9Ga、2.7Ga及2.5Ga三期以TTGs岩浆事件为代表的陆壳增生事件。这些TTGs具有典型太古宙高铝TTGs的地球化学特征及正的εHf(t)值,锆石Hf模式年龄主要集中在ca.3.2~2.7Ga。两种不同的构造模式被用来理解胶北太古宙TTGs(陆壳)的成因:(1)加厚基性下地壳的部分熔融;(2)俯冲洋壳的部分熔融。根据胶北TTGs在时间上呈事件性侵位,空间上呈面状分布,以及相对较低的Mg#、Cr及Ni含量,前者可能更适合胶北TTGs的成因。确定了胶北古元古代2.2~2.0Ga黑云母/角闪石二长花岗片麻岩及~1.8Ga以二长(正长)花岗岩为代表的多期陆壳重熔事件。综合这些研究结果,初步总结出胶北早前寒武纪陆壳形成及演化历史:1)2.9Ga,主要为基性地壳(洋壳)的增生,并可能存在规模有限的、被剥蚀殆尽的太古宙早期陆壳;2)在~2.9Ga、~2.7Ga及~2.5Ga,由于地幔(热)柱上涌,ca.3.3~2.7Ga新生的加厚基性玄武质下地壳发生事件性部分熔融,并伴随有早期陆壳的重熔,形成主要由TTGs及少量陆壳重熔型(高钾)花岗岩组成的太古宙陆壳;3)ca.2.2~2.0Ga,可能由于地幔物质上涌,陆壳伸展,形成裂谷,陆壳物质重熔,形成ca.2.2~2.0Ga花岗质岩石;4)ca.1.95~1.85Ga,发生强烈的挤压碰撞构造作用,裂谷闭合,卷入挤压作用的物质发生高角闪岩相到高压麻粒岩相变质;5)~1.8Ga,地幔物质上涌,陆壳伸展减薄,陆壳物质重熔,形成~1.8Ga花岗岩。  相似文献   

拉萨地块松多榴辉岩的变质演化过程:NCKMnFMASHTO体系中的相平衡关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄杰  田作林张 聪杨经绥陈 梅 《中国地质》2015,(5):1559-1571

拉萨地块松多榴辉岩主要矿物组合为石榴子石、绿辉石、角闪石、多硅白云母、绿帘石、金红石。石榴子石环带不明显,核部成分均一,从核部到边部,镁铝榴石和钙铝榴石含量降低,可能分别记录了榴辉岩峰期及退变质过程信息。绿辉石显示微弱的成分环带,硬玉含量从核部到边部略有升高,部分绿辉石边部发育韭闪石退变质边,反映了在减压过程中外来流体进入体系的过程。多硅白云母具有高的Si含量(3.5~3.6),其中石榴石包体中的多硅白云母相对基质中的白云母有更高的Si值。本文利用Thermocalc变质相平衡模拟软件,结合详细岩相学观察,在NCKMn FMASHTO体系下,模拟松多含多硅白云母榴辉岩的变质演化过程。其中,榴辉岩峰期矿物组合为g+o+law+phn+ru,石榴石核部最大镁铝榴石值和石榴子石包体中多硅白云母最大Si值确定的榴辉岩峰期温压条件约为620℃,32×105Pa,榴辉岩经历了近等温降压的退变质过程。相平衡模拟结果表明拉萨地块松多榴辉岩经历了超高压变质作用过程,并经历了相对快速的折返过程到中部地壳层次。  相似文献