Evaluation of Sludge Digester Effluent as Feeding Solution for the Enrichment of Anammox Bacteria     

&#x;pek elen‐Erdem 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2020,48(3)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of sludge digester effluent as feeding solution to enrich anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria. The performance of the two parallel pilot scale‐upflow packed bed anammox reactors (UPBAn1 and UPBAn2) are examined in terms of the enrichment of anammox bacteria. The control experiment is set up conducting synthetic wastewater as feeding solution in the UPBAn1 reactor whereas, the sludge digester effluent is fed to the nitritation reactor and then the partially nitrated digester effluent to the UPBAn2 reactor. Anammox activities are evaluated by mass balances based on ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrite (NO₂^?), and nitrate (NO₃^?) analysis and NRR. Microbial community of anammox bacteria is analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results demonstrate that UPBAn 1 and UPBAn2 reactors are successfully enriched on days 64 and 40 with NRRs of 19.54 and 19.43 g N m^?3 per day, respectively. This study reveals that both synthetic wastewater and digester effluent are suitable for the enrichment of anammox bacteria; however, digester effluent as feeding solution for enrichment of anammox bacteria based on the ease of process control and process stability is more advisable.  相似文献   

Wintertime rates of net primary production and nitrate and ammonium uptake in the southern Benguela upwelling system     

RF Flynn  JM Burger  K Pillay 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(3):253-266

The elevated levels of primary productivity associated with eastern boundary currents are driven by nutrient- rich waters upwelled from depth, such that these regions are typically characterised by high rates of nitrate-fuelled phytoplankton growth. Production studies from the southern Benguela upwelling system (SBUS) tend to be biased towards the summer upwelling season, yet winter data are required to compute annual budgets and understand seasonal variability. Net primary production (NPP) and nitrate and ammonium uptake were measured concurrently at six stations in the SBUS in early winter. While euphotic zone NPP was highest at the stations nearest to the coast and declined with distance from the shore, a greater proportion was potentially exportable from open-ocean surface waters, as indicated by the higher specific nitrate uptake rates and f-ratios (ratio of nitrate uptake to total nitrogen consumption) at the stations located off the continental shelf. Near the coast, phytoplankton growth was predominantly supported by ammonium despite the high ambient nitrate concentrations. Along with ammonium concentrations as high as 3.6 µmol l^–1, this strongly suggests that nitrate uptake in the inshore SBUS, and by extension carbon drawdown, is inhibited by ammonium, at least in winter, although this has also been hypothesised for the summer.  相似文献   

碘化氨除锡后封闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定锡矿石中的共生和伴生元素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马生凤  赵文博  朱云  孙红宾  王蕾  温宏利 《岩矿测试》2018,37(6):650-656

锡矿石是难分解的矿物,主要存在形式是锡石(SnO_2),且共生和伴生元素多,常用的酸溶方法几乎不能溶解SnO_2,从而给锡矿石中的共生与伴生元素的准确测定带来困难。本文基于碘化氨在较低温度下熔融可产生无水状态的碘化氢,利用碘化氢的酸性和氨的还原性分解SnO_2,使Sn呈SnI_4升华分离的原理处理锡矿石。实验中以高纯铂丝作催化剂,加入碘化铵在450℃的马弗炉中分解锡矿石30 min,使得Sn以SnI_4形式挥发,除锡率达到98%以上,再用2 mL氢氟酸和1 mL硝酸封闭溶解残渣,电感耦合等离子体质谱测定钴镍铜铌钽钍铀等24个共生和伴生元素。元素检出限在0. 001～2. 9μg/g之间,90%以上元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%,相对误差小于10%。本方法解决了锡矿石难分解的问题,可测定共存金属元素,也适合测定Sn含量在1. 27%～62. 49%之间的锡矿石中的微量和痕量元素及锡精矿中的微量元素。  相似文献   

Transformation of ammonium nitrogen and response characteristics of nitrifying functional genes in tannery sludge contaminated soil          下载免费PDF全文

Kong Xiang-ke  Zhang Zi-xuan  Wang Ping  Wang Yan-yan  Zhang Zhao-ji  Han Zhan-tao  Ma Li-sha 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(3):223-232

High concentrations of ammonium nitrogen released from tannery sludge during storage in open air may cause nitrogen pollution to soil and groundwater. To study the transformation mechanism of NH₄⁺-N by nitrifying functional bacteria in tannery sludge contaminated soils, a series of contaminated soil culture experiments were conducted in this study. The contents of ammonium nitrogen (as NH₄⁺-N), nitrite nitrogen (as NO₂^?-N) and nitrate nitrogen (as NO₃^?-N) were analyzed during the culture period under different conditions of pollution load, soil particle and redox environment. Sigmodial equation was used to interpret the change of NO₃^?-N with time in contaminated soils. The abundance variations of nitrifying functional genes (amoA and nxrA) were also detected using the real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR method. The results show that the nitrification of NH₄⁺-N was aggravated in the contaminated silt soil and fine sand under the condition of lower pollution load, finer particle size and more oxidizing environment. The sigmodial equation well fitted the dynamic accumulation curve of the NO₃^?-N content in the tannery sludge contaminated soils. The Cr(III) content increased with increasing pollution load, which inhibited the reproduction and activity of nitrifying bacteria in the soils, especially in coarse-grained soil. The accumulation of NO₂^?-N contents became more obvious with the increase of pollution load in the fine sand, and only 41.5% of the NH₄⁺-N was transformed to NO₃^?-N. The redox environment was the main factor affecting nitrification process in the soil. Compared to the aerobic soil environment, the transformation of NH₄⁺-N was significantly inhibited under anaerobic incubation condition, and the NO₃^?-N contents decreased by 37.2%, 61.9% and 91.9% under low, medium and high pollution loads, respectively. Nitrification was stronger in the silt soil since its copy number of amoA and nxrA genes was two times larger than that of fine sand. Moreover, the copy numbers of amoA and nxrA genes in the silt soil under the aerobic environment were 2.7 times and 2.2 times larger than those in the anaerobic environment. The abundance changes of the amoA and nxrA functional genes have a positive correlation with the nitrification intensity in the tannery sludge-contaminated soil.  相似文献   

铵在中砂上的3种吸附形态研究     

付佳妮  刘菲  陈坚  徐基胜  梁静 《矿物学报》2011,31(4):757-764

通过动力学和等温吸附实验,研究了不同初始氨氮浓度下水溶铵、交换铵和固定铵在中砂上的吸附规律。结果表明,吸附平衡时各种形态铵含量随初始氨氮浓度增加而增大。3种形态铵吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程。吸附速率常数K大小顺序为：固定铵〉交换铵〉水溶铵,初始速率：固定铵〈交换铵〈水溶铵。随着初始氨氮浓度的增加,水溶铵占总铵的比重由40%上升到65%,其吸附的主要限制步骤为颗粒间扩散。交换铵对总铵的贡献率维持在25%左右,吸附饱和后有所降低,初始氨氮浓度为交换铵吸附的主要限制步骤。固定铵达到饱和时,吸附量只有26.18 mg/kg,对总铵的贡献率由33%下降到9%。  相似文献   

某垃圾填埋场包气带砂土对NH₄⁺-N的吸附研究     

徐基胜  刘培斌  梁静  陈坚  付佳妮  刘菲 《岩石矿物学杂志》2011,30(6):1111-1117

对某垃圾填埋场包气带砂土吸附氨氮的机理进行了研究,通过吸附等温实验主要探讨了其吸附过程、不同粒级土的吸附贡献和吸附氨氮的3种形态。结果表明:样品土对氨氮的等温吸附线符合Langmuir模式,原土的计算最大吸附量为435 mg/kg;中砂、细砂和实验原土的吸附能力大小顺序为:原土>细砂>中砂;在样品土中,粉质粘土随着初始铵溶液浓度的升高吸附绝对量和吸附贡献率都在上升,由50 mg/L时的43%贡献率上升到400 mg/L时70%的贡献率,成为原土吸附氨氮的主要贡献者;随着初始铵溶液浓度的升高,水溶态铵、可交换态铵和固定态铵的绝对量都大致呈上升趋势,它们的最大吸附量分别为112.3、97.5和214.0 mg/kg;铵溶液中的铵离子进入粘土中的大致顺序为:颗粒表面的扩散层(主要为水溶态铵)→吸附层(主要为可交换态铵)→矿物晶格内部和晶层空间(主要为固定态铵)。  相似文献   

海黍子(Sargassum muticum)池塘养殖及对氮磷去除效果的研究     

王翔宇  王志刚  吴海一 《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(1):91-95

初步研究了在海参养殖池塘中,不同养殖方式下,大型海藻海黍子(Sargassum muticum)的生长特性及对水体中氨氮和活性磷的去除作用。2012年3~5月,在山东莱州试验养殖海黍子60d,结果发现其长度最大从43.8cm增长到81.3cm,增长85.6%,日增长率(SGR)在14℃时最大,达到5.0%;每绳的平均质量从0.74kg增到2.59kg,增长3.5倍,SGR在12℃时最大,达4.3%;水体氨氮平均下降了25.9%,活性磷下降了37.5%。实验证明海黍子能在适合的池塘中养殖,并且能有效的去除水体中的氨氮和活性磷,是有效的近海生境修复大型工具种海藻。  相似文献   

沼泽湿地土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮物理运移研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

牟晓杰  孙志高  王玲玲 《海洋湖沼通报》2010,(1)

沼泽湿地土壤是氮的重要储库,发挥着源、汇和转化器的重要功能。湿地土壤中无机氮的物理运移不但影响着植物的养分供给状况,而且其对于湿地生态系统的结构、功能及健康状况等也有着深刻影响。综述了沼泽湿地土壤无机氮物理运移及影响因素的研究动态。当前湿地土壤无机氮物理运移的研究主要集中在硝态氮和铵态氮(特别是硝态氮)物理运移规律及部分影响因素(如水分条件、土壤物理性质等)的探讨上,缺乏无机氮物理运移的动力学、热力学机制与模型表征研究。鉴于当前研究中存在的问题,指出天然沼泽湿地是研究的薄弱点,其在今后应亟需加强的领域包括:①无机氮物理运移的驱动机制;②动力学、热力学与环境效应模型表征;③人类活动和全球变化对无机氮物理运移的影响。  相似文献   

有机改性粘土对铜绿微囊藻的絮凝去除   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘国锋  钟继承  张雷  范成新  任小龙 《湖泊科学》2009,21(3):363-368

如何有效的去除富营养化水体中频繁出现的藻华,已成为湖泊环境治理中的一个迫切问题.通过用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的原位沉积物为介质,利用搅拌器和沉积物再悬浮发生装置来研究烷基铵盐改性物质絮凝去除铜绿微囊藻细胞的作用和效果.结果表明,烷基铵盐和粘土的添加量分别为0.3g/L和0.2g/L,搅拌停止30min后,其去除效率达83.9%:在絮凝沉降500min后,水体中藻细胞去除率可达98.9%,较能有效的絮凝沉降藻细胞;同时水体的浊度也有相应的提高.电镜扫描表明这种活性剂形成的网捕包膜作用对藻细胞的沉降起到了重要作用.但烷基铵盐的杀菌作用可能会造成藻细胞内含物向水体释放的风险.  相似文献   

基于近红外光谱技术的烃类与粘土矿物识别及其地质意义     

卢燕  杨凯  修连存 《地质通报》2017,36(10):1884-1891

沉积岩中自生粘土矿物受成岩过程中物化条件控制,是成岩系统物化条件的指示。近红外反射光谱技术对粘土矿物反应灵敏,在金属矿产勘探中已经得到了日益广泛的应用。首次对油气勘探地质井的试验工作,验证了近红外光谱数据不仅可以第一时间从岩石样品中直接提取微量烃信息,还能解译详细的粘土矿物组合及其变化,从而获取对油气勘探有价值的成岩温度和热成熟度信息。对鄂尔多斯富县地区试验样品的数据分析表明,生油和储油层中的粘土矿物组合(包括铵伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石)变化直接反映了成岩和构造演化物化条件的变化,对于全面理解盆地的环境条件并且判断油气生成的有利区位具有实际应用意义。  相似文献