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旋翼无人机测算风速风向技术研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目前大部分民用无人机没有准确测量风速、风向和预警风场的功能，然而森林火灾扑救等多种场景需要无人机可以提供准确的风速。本文提出了一种基于旋翼无人机坐标数据测算风速风向的技术，通过无人机主机RTK坐标信息及方位角、倾角数据精准获取螺旋桨点相对坐标信息，选择不同负载条件下无人机以1~16 m/s的不同速度分别飞行30 s以上，根据螺旋桨坐标信息变化数值，结合风洞测试数据及风场动力学原理，研究风速与旋翼无人机倾角关系，并通过风洞试验检验该方法精度；并可根据无人机RTK推算出的螺旋桨坐标变化信息判断风向。结果表明，无人机风速与旋翼无人机倾角呈正相关关系；无人机负载加重时，对应受风速干扰的倾角会相对减小；无人机飞行受阵风干扰出现噪点的概率，高海拔区域大于低海拔区域；并建立六旋翼无人机飞行倾角的风速估算模型y=－1.043 5+1.150 1x，该模型测算风速的中误差值为0.966，绝对值小于1，满足应急指挥现场对无人机测量风速精度要求。该方法得到风速测算精度高，可以为旋翼无人机实时获取风速风向提供一种可行方法，具有一定的实用价值。 相似文献
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“现代摄影测量实习”是中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院测绘工程专业的重要实习课程,直接关系到学生的测绘技能培养。本文以笔者的教学实践为基础,从教学内容、教学方法、实践过程等方面探讨“现代摄影测量实习”实践中的教学改革问题,以帮助测绘工程专业学生获得良好的现代摄影测量技能,提高其就业与科研核心竞争力。 相似文献
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Meandering river sinuosity increases until the channel erodes into itself (neck cutoff) or forms a new channel over the floodplain (chute cutoff) and sinuosity is reduced. Unlike neck cutoff, which can be measured or modelled without considering overbank processes, chute cutoff must be at least partially controlled by channel-forming processes on the floodplain. Even though chute cutoff controls meandering river form, the processes that cause chute cutoff are not well understood. This study analyses the morphology of two incipient chute cutoffs along the East Fork White River, Indiana, USA, using high temporal and spatial resolution UAS-based LiDAR and aerial photography. LiDAR and aerial imagery obtained between 1998 and 2019 reveals that large scour holes formed in the centre of both chutes sometime after chute channel initiation. A larger analysis within the study watershed reveals that scour holes within incipient chutes can be stable or unstable, and tend to stabilize when the chute is colonized by native vegetation and forest. When the scour holes form in farmed floodplain, they enlarge rapidly after initial formation and contribute to complete chute cutoff. In addition, this study shows that the formation of scour holes can occur in response to common, relatively low-magnitude floods and that the amount of incipient chute erosion does not depend on peak flood magnitude. The role of scour holes in enlarging chute channels could be an important mechanism for chute channel evolution in meandering rivers. This study also confirms that understanding the relationships among flow, land cover, and cutoff morphology is substantially improved with on-demand remote sensing techniques like integrated UAS and LiDAR. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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古建筑保护是当下测绘领域的热点研究课题，非接触测量是克服传统方法数字化不足、容易造成"二次破坏"的有力举措。本文以哈尔滨红霞街99号外侨私邸为例，提出了一种将三维激光扫描技术和无人机航测技术相结合进行古建筑重建的研究方案。基于三维激光扫描仪和无人机获取的古建筑内外点云数据和影像数据，利用点云数据生成正射影像并绘制平、立、剖面图，创建三维模型，最后以实地量取的建筑物尺寸数据为参考分析得出图纸和模型误差。结果表明：利用三维激光点云联合无人机影像能够高效地进行建筑图纸恢复，创建高精度精细化的三维模型，为古建筑保护提供了一种全新的思路。 相似文献
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2018年8月13—14日,1814号台风“摩羯”（YAGI）由强热带风暴逐渐减弱成热带低压,在山东省境内造成强降水,并引发了系列龙卷。龙卷发生后,气象部门对龙卷进行了详细的实地灾情调查。通过对6处龙卷路径无人机航拍的高分辨率图像和现场勘察的建筑物损毁、树木折断、庄稼倒伏等状况的综合分析,判断发生在滨州市姜楼镇、东营市盐窝镇的龙卷达到EF2级,其他为EF0/EF1级。上述龙卷都发生在残余低压环流中心移动方向的右前方,且集中在残余低压环流外围偏北段雨带中的小型超级单体内;其中在滨州引发的龙卷距离残余低压环流中心最近,约150 km,在潍坊引发的龙卷距离残余低压环流中心最远,约400 km。这些小型超级单体在雨带中,自南向北或者自东南向西北方向移动,尺度都很小,发展高度较低,强反射率因子核位于风暴的底部,低层反射率因子的南端有入流缺口,呈钩状回波特征;低层径向速度产品有较强的正负速度对。用雷达系统原适配参数值计算表明,在调查的6次龙卷中,仅有1次龙卷发生前算出了中气旋（M）产品,2次算出龙卷涡旋特征（TVS）产品;用修改的适配参数值进行计算,在6次龙卷发生前都算出了M产品,4次算出TVS产品,优化适配参数可提前将弱的M和TVS识别出来,对龙卷的临近预警具有指导作用。 相似文献
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澜沧江最大梯级水库——糯扎渡水库运行之后,消落带许多原有植被物种被淹消亡,造成大面积次生裸地以及严重水土流失现象.消落带植被亟待生态修复,但缺乏基本数据支撑和参考.2020年7月,基于轻型无人机支持下的3S技术,结合现场调研,采用神经网络模型、空间叠加分析、景观格局指数以及典型相关性分析等方法,提取了糯扎渡水库典型消落带植被分类图及地形数据,定量分析了研究区本土物种组成、面积、覆盖率、分布特征、景观空间格局及地形解释.结果显示,研究区消落带植被覆盖率达74.13%,涵盖18种植物,物种数量仅占蓄水前的18.9%,原生植物仅剩飞机草（Chromolaena odorata）存活,物种组成趋于简单,以一年生草本和多年生草本为主,分别占比55.56%、33.33%,菊科占据优势,苍耳（Xanthium sibiricum）、狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）、牛筋草（Eleusine indica）和藿香蓟（Ageratum conyzoides）为主要优势物种,分别占比47.41%、29.39%、9.37%和4.56%,可作为生态修复备选物种.地形因子对消落带植被影响大小：高程>地表起伏度>水体距离>坡度>地形湿度指数>坡向.研究区优势植物均呈聚集分布,消落带中下部、上部分别以苍耳和狗牙根斑块为主导,苍耳和狗牙根在斑块优势度、连通性以及形状复杂性方面均远大于牛筋草和藿香蓟,表现出了较强的生存潜力.苍耳在地表起伏度0~1.26 m区段覆盖良好,狗牙根、牛筋草在地表起伏度0.78~2.07 m区段覆盖良好,当地表起伏度>2.07 m,植被生长困难.植被景观格局的破碎化程度、斑块形状复杂性分别与地表起伏度呈正相关、负相关,即地表起伏度越大导致植被景观格局越破碎和斑块形状越简单,进而导致种群生存力减弱. 相似文献
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Philipp Thumser Christian Haas Jeffrey A. Tuhtan Juan Francisco Fuentes‐Pérez Gert Toming 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(14):2439-2446
River system measurement and mapping using UAVs is both lean and agile, with the added advantage of increased safety for the surveying crew. A common parameter of fluvial geomorphological studies is the flow velocity, which is a major driver of sediment behavior. Advances in fluid mechanics now include metrics describing the presence and interaction of coherent structures within a flow field and along its boundaries. These metrics have proven to be useful in studying the complex turbulent flows but require time‐resolved flow field data, which is normally unavailable in geomorphological studies. Contactless UAV‐based velocity measurement provides a new source of velocity field data for measurements of extreme hydrological events at a safe distance, and could allow for measurements of inaccessible areas. Recent works have successfully applied large‐scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) using UAVs in rivers, focusing predominantly on surficial flow estimation by tracking intensity differences between georeferenced images. The objective of this work is to introduce a methodology for UAV based real‐time particle tracking in rivers (RAPTOR) in a case study along a short test reach of the Brigach River in the German Black Forest. This methodology allows for large‐scale particle tracking velocimetry (LSPTV) using a combination of floating, infrared light‐emitting particles and a programmable embedded color vision sensor in order to simultaneously detect and track the positions of objects. The main advantage of this approach is its ability to rapidly collect and process the position data, which can be done in real time. The disadvantages are that the method requires the use of specialized light‐emitting particles, which in some cases cannot be retrieved from the investigation area, and that the method returns velocity data in unscaled units of px/s. This work introduces the RAPTOR system with its hardware, data processing workflow, and provides an example of unscaled velocity field estimation using the proposed method. First experiences with the method show that the tracking rate of 50 Hz allows for position estimation with sub‐pixel accuracy, even considering UAV self‐motion. A comparison of the unscaled tracks after Savitzky–Golay filtering shows that although the time‐averaged velocities remain virtually the same, the filter reduces the standard deviation by more than 40% and the maxima by 20%. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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River confluences are characterized by a complex mixing zone with three-dimensional (3D) turbulent structures which have been described as both streamwise-oriented structures and Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) vertical-oriented structures. The latter are visible where there is a turbidity difference between the two tributaries, whereas the former are usually derived from mean velocity measurements or numerical simulations. Few field studies recorded turbulent velocity fluctuations at high frequency to investigate these structures, particularly at medium-sized confluences where logistical constraints make it difficult to use devices such as acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV). This study uses the ice cover present at the confluence of the Mitis and Neigette Rivers in Quebec (Canada) to obtain long-duration, fixed measurements along the mixing zone. The confluence is also characterized by a marked turbidity difference which allows to investigate the mixing zone dynamics from drone imagery during ice-free conditions. The aim of the study is to characterize and compare the flow structure in the mixing zone at a medium-sized (~40 m) river confluence with and without an ice cover. Detailed 3D turbulent velocity measurements were taken under the ice along the mixing plane with an ADV through eight holes at around 20 positions on the vertical. For ice-free conditions, drone imagery results indicate that large (KH) coherent structures are present, occupying up to 50% of the width of the parent channel. During winter, the ice cover affects velocity profiles by moving the highest velocities towards the centre of the profiles. Large turbulent structures are visible in both the streamwise and lateral velocity components. The strong correlation between these velocity components indicates that KH vortices are the dominating coherent structures in the mixing zone. A spatio-temporal conceptual model is presented to illustrate the main differences on the 3D flow structure at the river confluence with and without the ice cover. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献