桂西北林旺金矿床构造控矿规律及成矿模式探讨     

张知春 《地质与勘探》2020,56(2):277-287

桂西北林旺金矿是近年来右江盆地新发现的卡林型金矿,位于乐业碳酸盐台地边缘乐业-浪全同生断裂带上。通过对矿区进行野外调查、岩矿鉴定并结合勘探成果进行综合研究,发现I号矿体群与断裂、褶皱的时空联系具有构造分带的特征,以F1断层为界,上盘褶皱鞍部发育石英杂砂岩夹粉砂质泥岩矿体,矿体近F1断层破碎带部位发育破碎的硅化构造岩带,F1下盘近破碎带部位发育强烈劈理化、炭化粉砂质泥岩带,指示矿区在印支期挤压过程中,石英杂砂岩顺着先存构造薄弱面以泥岩层为滑动系统,往上部逆冲并逐渐发生褶皱,产生许多张裂隙,成为成矿流体富集的场所。林旺金矿床是层滑-褶皱构造体系与成矿流体耦合作用的产物,分析了矿床构造成矿规律,提出了以层滑-褶皱运动机制为基础的成矿模式以及成矿远景。  相似文献   

Effects of the geometry of two‐dimensional fractures on their hydraulic aperture and on the validity of the local cubic law          下载免费PDF全文

Ahmad Hajjar  Luc Scholtès  Constantin Oltéan  Michel Antoine Buès 《水文研究》2018,32(16):2510-2525

Flow through rough fractures is investigated numerically in order to assess the validity of the local cubic law for different fracture geometries. Two‐dimensional channels with sinusoidal walls having different geometrical properties defined by the aperture, the amplitude, and the wavelength of the walls' corrugations, the corrugations asymmetry, and the phase shift between the two walls are considered to represent different fracture geometries. First, it is analytically shown that the hydraulic aperture clearly deviates from the mean aperture when the walls' roughness, the phase shift, and/or the asymmetry between the fracture walls are relatively high. The continuity and the Navier–Stokes equations are then solved by means of the finite element method and the numerical solutions compared to the theoretical predictions of the local cubic law. Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.066 to 66.66 are investigated so as to focus more particularly on the effect of flow inertial effects on the validity of the local cubic law. For low Reynolds number, typically less than 15, the local cubic law properly describes the fracture flow, especially when the fracture walls have small corrugation amplitudes. For Reynolds numbers higher than 15, the local cubic law is valid under the conditions that the fracture presents a low aspect ratio, small corrugation amplitudes, and a moderate phase lag between its walls.  相似文献   

2014年鲁甸M_S6.5地震后地质灾害发育分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

杨秀元  姚亚辉 《地震工程学报》2018,40(5):1078-1083

2014年云南鲁甸“8·03”M_S6.5地震造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失，诱发了大量滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害。基于对鲁甸县龙头山幅（G48E006006）地质灾害调查数据和对典型地质灾害的剖析，震后地质灾害发育分布有特征如下：（1）震后地质灾害较震前成倍增长，震前地质灾害多以中小型浅层崩滑为主，地震诱发了诸如甘家寨、红石岩等大型—特大型滑坡、崩塌，大量沟谷崩滑堆积物为泥石流储备了丰富的物源；（2）震中高烈度区域地质灾害密度大，沿发震断裂带NNE—NE向构造密集发育，震中区龙头山镇地质灾害发育最为集中；（3）地质灾害呈带状分布，明显受控于河流水系（牛栏江、沙坝河、龙泉河等）、公路（昭巧二级公路、沙乐公路）等线性地貌单元和线性工程，人类活动影响明显。  相似文献   

Coordinative similitude law considering fluid‐structure interaction for underwater shaking table tests     

Zhong‐Xian Li  Kun Wu  Yundong Shi  Ning Li  Yang Ding 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(11):2315-2332

Generally, when a model is made of the same material as the prototype in shaking table tests, the equivalent material density of the scaled model is greater than that of the prototype because mass is added to the model to satisfy similitude criteria. When the water environment is modeled in underwater shaking table tests, however, it is difficult to change the density of water. The differences in the density similitude ratios of specimen materials and water can affect the similitude ratios of the hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. To solve this problem, a coordinative similitude law is proposed for underwater shaking table tests by adjusting the width of the upstream face of the model or the wave height in the model test to match the similitude ratios of hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. The designs of the similitude relations were investigated for earthquake excitation, wave excitation, and combined earthquake and wave excitation conditions. Series of numerical simulations and underwater shaking table tests were performed to validate the proposed coordinative similitude law through a comparison of coordinative model and conventional model designed based on the coordinative similitude law and traditional artificial mass simulation, respectively. The results show that the relative error was less than 10% for the coordinative model, whereas it reached 80% for the conventional model. The coordinative similitude law can better reproduce the dynamic responses of the prototype, and thus, this similitude law can be used in underwater shaking table tests.  相似文献   

2000年来中国边境城市对外贸易位序-规模分布及其影响因素     

杨鑫  彭飞  张琦琦  胡伟 《世界地理研究》2020,29(6):1102-1112

全球化背景下对外贸易活动是特定地域外向联系强度的重要表现，是边境城市区域功能的重要组成部分。运用位序-规模法则、分形理论及核密度等方法，以中国边境各城市的进出口贸易额为主要指标，剖析了中国边境地区对外贸易的规模分布特征及其影响因素。结果发现：①不同阶段的中国边境对外贸易位序-规模特征明显，位序结构内部城市次序变化较大；②位序-规模分布的无标度区变化显著，在18年内出现了4段分形表现，外贸活动的规模波动性、区域化特征明显；③影响因素表现为经济地理禀赋约束下核心城市支配效应明显、邻接地缘环境影响显著、政策导向与口岸推动、内部竞争反推空间结构协调演化四个方面；④不平衡性、集聚性在中国边境地区外贸活动中凸显，空间分布呈现为“核心-边缘”结构，当前国家层级应重点支持对外贸易优势城市，省级尺度协调域内城市对外贸易层次组织与区间联系。  相似文献   

Satellite-based Estimates of Canopy Photosynthetic Parameters for an Alpine Meadow in Northern     

NIU Ben  HE Yongtao  ZHANG Xianzhou  SHI Peili  DU Mingyuan 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):253-262

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1980—2016年黄土高原地区人口和可达性异速标度分析     

吕敏娟  曹小曙 《地理科学进展》2020,39(11):1884-1897

论文基于黄土高原地区乡镇1980、1990、2000、2010、2016年5期截面数据,利用位序—规模法则和异速标度律,分析了乡镇尺度人口和可达性规模结构、等级体系及异速标度演化关系。结果表明：① 人口规模以中小等级乡镇为主,60%的乡镇人口规模正增长,总体呈“南北高、中间低”分布格局;可达性水平总体呈明显上升趋势,空间上自东南向西北逐渐降低;河谷平原区人口规模和可达性均最大。② 人口和可达性均呈位次型分布,人口位序—规模具有明显双分形结构,由均衡向极化转变;可达性位序—规模以2000年为转折点由双分形演变为单分形,由低水平均衡转向更高水平均衡。③ 3006个乡镇整体以正异速生长为主,负异速生长为辅,黄土高塬沟壑区、河谷平原区内乡镇异速生长类型以人口增长正异速生长为主,黄土丘陵沟壑区、土石山区、沙地和沙漠区内乡镇以人口下降正异速生长为主,农灌区内乡镇异速生长以人口增长正异速一级和人口下降负异速一级为主。最后根据人口和可达性异速类型和空间分布特征,提出各分区发展的建议。  相似文献   

基于灯光数据的京津冀城市多标度异速分析     

龙玉清  陈彦光 《地理科学进展》2019,38(1):88-100

城镇体系的时空演化是一个复杂的动力学过程,具有无尺度性,其特征可以采用异速标度指数定量描述。论文以京津冀为例,基于1992—2013年夜间灯光数据的校正结果,提取城镇夜间灯光信息,采用多标度异速分析方法,分析京津冀城镇体系的相对发展特征及其空间分异格局。研究发现：①京津冀大城市的增长空间局限日益显著。虽然大城市如京津唐的绝对发展水平高,但接近环境承载量的极限,22 a间增长快速的是大城市交接地带的小城市(如三河、迁安、廊坊等)。②相对增长速度快的城市从东北到西南呈现带状分布——政府选择发展的“雄安新区”就在这个轴带上。由此可以得出两个结论：其一,京津冀城市演化的趋势相对均衡化,空间结构异质性逐步减弱,整个城镇体系的发展趋于相对平衡状态;其二,大、小城市“两极”贯通或许是增强城镇体系功能的有效途径。京津冀的空间格局优化不能仅仅考虑主要的、规模大的中心城市,而应该基于等级结构协调整个城镇网络体系。  相似文献   

Investigating hydrogeomorphic floodplain mapping performance with varying DTM resolution and stream order     

A. Annis  F. Nardi  R. R. Morrison  F. Castelli 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(5):525-538

Hydrogeomorphic models allow parsimonious, fast and effective floodplain extent mapping using topographic data as the main input. Hydrogeomorphic approaches enforce the principle that floodplains are well-distinguished and unique landscape features within river corridors. We investigated the sensitivity of a hydrogeomorphic floodplain delineation algorithm, based on a hydrological power law, relating flow depth to contributing area, digital terrain model (DTM) resolution and river network hierarchy. In addition, we compared the results to other common floodplain mapping methods using standard flood-hazard maps as a reference. Taking the Arno River Basin, Italy, as a case study, our results show a dependency between the optimal power law parameters and DTM resolution, with larger parameter values required to reach optimal consistency with flood-hazard maps as DTM resolution increased. Floodplain mapping performance was also found to depend on stream order. We further tested the model consistency at a larger scale to evaluate its performance with respect to inundation maps in Hungary, Italy, Spain and the UK. Our study suggests that pre-defined power law parameters can be assumed, considering DTM resolution and stream order, supporting the use of the presented hydrogeomorphic model for large-scale floodplain mapping in ungauged basins where reference flood-hazard maps are not available.  相似文献   

车辆行驶振动对古长城影响分析及评价          下载免费PDF全文

杜浩  陈祥  王登科 《地震工程学报》2019,41(6):1448-1453

交通振动会对周边古建筑产生不利影响,研究振动规律对古建筑的稳定性评价非常重要。为此,利用振动探测仪采集古长城因周边道路车辆行驶引起的振动数据。通过解译振动波形了解场地的振动强度衰减过程及大小,确定振动强度及对长城的影响,以及各因素与振动强度的关系。以国家古建筑允许振动规范对波形解译结果进行评价,为解决此类文明遗址的保护问题提供了技术支撑。分析结果表明:不同路况,振动衰减规律不同,路况较好振动强度衰减迅速;行驶车辆的车速、荷载及行驶道路质量均可影响长城水平振动强度,车速越快、荷载越大、道路质量越差,长城水平振动强度越大;长城不同位置对车辆行驶产生的振动响应不同,长城脚水平振动强度大于长城顶水平振动强度。  相似文献