白洋淀生态需水:进展及展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨薇  赵彦伟  刘强  孙涛 《湖泊科学》2020,32(2):294-308

采用文献计量、统计分析等手段收集了国内外关于白洋淀生态需水核算的研究成果,系统梳理了15种白洋淀生态需水核算方法,获得了白洋淀不同时间尺度、不同等级生态需水核算结果,并结合雄安新区规划对白洋淀生态需水核算存在的问题及未来的需求提出了展望统计结果表明,白洋淀最小生态水位为7.45±0.66 m,适宜水位为8.61±0.52 m,最大水位为9.46±0.51 m;各等级生态需水月际变化趋势大致相同,8 9月最大,5月最小,但各月不同等级生态需水量的变幅较大;白洋淀最小生态补水量为1.35亿m~3,适宜补水量2.40亿m~3,最大生态补水量6.20亿m~3从支撑雄安新区规划建设的角度来看,目前白洋淀生态需水核算中面临的不足主要集中在生态管理目标和方法选择导致核算结果差异较大、缺乏淀区生态需水机制的阐释、生态需水核算时间尺度较粗略、未考虑淀区空间异质性的需水差异以及忽略河湖水文连通关系与过程5个方面;最后,以恢复白洋淀良性生态系统为导向,从分级分区开展白洋淀生态需水精细核算、分时分段淀区生态需水量质耦合模拟和考虑河湖沼连通的淀区水动力过程恢复3个方面提出了未来研究的建议与展望.  相似文献   

河北省怀安县朱家洼矿区地球化学特征与找矿方向     

王占彬 《地质与勘探》2020,56(1):102-112

河北怀安朱家洼矿区位于华北板块北缘中段太古宙、元古宙、中生代金银铅锌铁硫铁矿成矿带,为火山热液型金多金属矿。为查明该区成矿规律,明确找矿方向,在区内开展了水系沉积物测量、土壤地球化学测量等工作。通过对元素分布、元素相关性、元素异常等特征研究表明,Au、Mo为本区主成矿元素;各元素异常平面分布具有分带性,高温元素W、Sn、Bi异常位于骆驼山火山机构中心,中低温元素Pb、Zn、As、Ag等异常分布于火山机构边部及周边围岩中,成矿元素Au、Mo异常主要位于火山机构西侧围岩中。异常查证发现金钼矿化体2条,金钼矿化受火山机构和北西向构造带控制。依据成矿地质条件、地球化学异常及查证成果认为,朱家洼矿区Au、Mo成矿潜力大,火山机构西侧围岩区是该区重点找矿地段。  相似文献   

Local meteoric water lines describe extratropical precipitation     

Devin F. Smith  Elsa Saelens  Deborah L. Leslie  Anne E. Carey 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14059

Stable water isotopes δ¹⁸O and δ²H are used to investigate precipitation trends and storm dynamics to advance knowledge of precipitation patterns in a warming world. Herein, δ¹⁸O and δ²H were used to determine the relationship between extratropical cyclonic precipitation and local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) in the eastern Ohio Valley and the eastern United States. Precipitation volume weighted and unweighted central Ohio LMWLs, created with samples collected during 2012–2018, showed that temperature had the greatest effect on precipitation isotopic composition. HYSPLIT back trajectory modelling showed that precipitation was primarily derived from a mid-continental moisture source. Remnants of major hurricanes were collected as extratropical precipitation during the 2012–2018 sampling period in central Ohio. Extratropical precipitation samples were not significantly different from the samples that created the central Ohio LMWL. Six additional LMWLs were derived from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) samples collected in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Tennessee, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Oxford, Ohio. Meteoric water lines describing published samples from Superstorm Sandy, plotted with these AIRMoN LMWLs, showed isotopic composition of Superstorm Sandy precipitation was commonly more depleted than the average isotopic composition at the mid-latitude locations. Meteoric water lines describing the Superstorm Sandy precipitation were not significantly different in slope from LMWLs generated within 300 km of the USGS AIRMoN site. This finding, which was observed across the eastern Ohio Valley and eastern United States, demonstrated a consistent precipitation δ²H–δ¹⁸O relationship for extratropical cyclonic and non-cyclonic events. This work also facilitates the analysis of storm development based on the relationship between extratropical event signature and the LMWL. Analysis of extratropical precipitation in relation to LMWLs along storm tracks allows for stronger development of precipitation models and understanding of which climatic and atmospheric factors determine the isotopic composition of precipitation.  相似文献   

全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器测定复杂基质土壤中24种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药     

时磊  孙艳艳  沈小明  吕爱娟  蔡小虎  刘娇  沈加林 《岩矿测试》2020,39(6):856-865

目前针对环境样品中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的检测方法主要有气相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS），由于气相色谱法采用电子捕获检测器从而具有较高的灵敏度，在污染物的环境行为研究中得到广泛应用，GC-MS法的定性效果好，但检测灵敏度相对偏低。本文研究了2018年土壤详查江苏地区样品中有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯的残留状况，结果显示，即使经过多次净化仍有20%的样品存在假阳性或基质干扰现象。为了提高定性准确度，同时保证检测灵敏度，实验建立了复杂基质土壤中20种有机氯农药和4种拟除虫菊酯的全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测方法，最终选择中等极性的TG-35MS为第一色谱柱，非极性的（DB-1）为第二色谱柱，将鲜样与无水硫酸钠混合均匀后，以正己烷-丙酮（1：1，V/V）为提取剂进行索氏提取，采用全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行检测，外标法定量。各物质的质量浓度均在1.0~500μg/L内与其峰面积呈线性关系，相关系数均大于0.995，检出限为0.02~0.17μg/kg。用标准加入法进行回收实验，测得回收率为80.7%~103.5%，测定值的相对标准偏差（n=6）为1.84%~10.12%。本方法将高灵敏度检测器与全二维色谱相结合，在保证检测灵敏度的同时增加了峰容量，有效去除了基质干扰。相比2018年土壤详查参考方法HJ 835—2017的检出限0.02~0.09mg/kg（全扫模式），本方法检出限显著降低，且操作简单，可为复杂基质样品中的痕量超痕量检测提供参考。  相似文献   

Chemical Procedures for Rhenium Extraction from Geological Samples: Optimising the Anion Resin Bead Clean‐up Step     

Gang Yang  Aaron Zimmerman  Nicole C. Hurtig  Svetoslav V. Georgiev  Vineet Goswami  Judith L. Hannah  Holly J. Stein 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(2):231-242

Rhenium–osmium geochronometry for samples with low Re and complex matrices requires improved Re extraction methods. Here, we investigate plausible controls on efficiency and efficacy of Re extraction during our anion resin bead purification. Four different protocols are compared, each isolating a single variable to test. Rhenium concentrations for solutions at each step of each protocol document differences in chemical recovery/yield. The negative‐thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (N‐TIMS) signal intensity serves as a proxy for Re yield and purity. These data document correlations between the N‐TIMS signal intensity and (a) the duration of anion resin bead conditioning prior to loading with Re‐bearing solution, and (b) both duration and strength of nitric acid used during rinsing of the Re‐loaded anion resin bead. The optimal protocol improved Re signal intensity around fourteen times compared with our current Re extraction protocol, an aggregate of 2.4 times improvement in chemical recovery (yield) and 5.8 times improvement in emission efficiency (purity). Repeated N‐TIMS isotopic measurements on our in‐house Re standard solution (1407) verify that our optimal protocol‐3 does not fractionate Re isotopes. The improved anion resin bead method considerably lowers the Re detection limit and allows Re‐Os isotopic analysis of picogram‐level Re hosted in geological samples with complex matrices.  相似文献   

用改进的经验格林函数方法模拟唐山地震动     

席桂梅  郭雷  何书耕  张诗若  闵也  李启成 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(1):97-107

建筑物的抗震设防需要尽可能地掌握未来大地震强震动记录信息，但大地震强震动记录的匮乏阻碍了抗震设防实践的发展。经验格林函数方法作为模拟地震动的主要方法，可以提供可靠的大地震强震动记录，但也存在着许多问题，如缺乏对大地震断层滑动分布不均匀的描述、用经验确定小震数目、模拟方法受到大小地震相似条件的限制等。文中对上述经验格林函数方法存在的问题进行了研究，改进的经验格林函数方法，有效地解决了上述问题。并用其对唐山大地震进行了模拟，并把模拟的地震动时程和反应谱与实际记录相比较，发现用改进方法模拟的地震动加速度反应谱比用未改进方法模拟结果更接近实际的地震动记录加速度反应谱。由此说明改进的经验格林函数可更准确的模拟地震动。  相似文献   

超慢速扩张环境下超镁铁质岩系统的热液硫化物成矿机理以及启示     

曹红  孙治雷  刘昌岭  姜学钧  何拥军  黄威  尚鲁宁  王利波  张喜林  耿威  施美娟  李东义 《海洋学报》2018,40(4):61-75

西南印度洋63.5°E热液区是在超慢速扩张洋脊发现的首个超镁铁质岩热液系统。对取自该区的热液硫化物样品进行了系统的矿物学和地球化学分析，矿物学分析结果表明:该热液区硫化物为富Fe型高温硫化物，且经历了较深程度的氧化蚀变，大量中间态的Fe氧化物充填在硫化物矿物间的孔隙及内部解理中；这些硫化物相以白铁矿为主，其次是等轴古巴矿和少量铜蓝，缺乏黄铁矿、闪锌矿。据推断，该区的热液成矿作用分为4个阶段:低温白铁矿阶段→高温等轴古巴矿阶段→自形白铁矿阶段→后期海底风化阶段（少量铜蓝以及大量的Fe的羟氧化物）。与之相对应，地球化学分析结果表明这些硫化物的Fe含量较高（31.57%~44.59%），Cu含量次之（0.16%~7.24%），而Zn含量普遍较低（0.01%~0.11%）；微量元素较为富集Co（328×10-6~2 400×10-6）和Mn（48.5×10-6~1 730×10-6）。该区硫化物中较高含量的Fe、Co与超镁铁质岩热液系统相似，明显高于镁铁质岩热液系统。独特的热液硫化物矿物学特征和元素组成可能与该区普遍出露的地幔岩、橄榄岩蛇纹石化作用以及拆离断层的广泛发育的环境有关。  相似文献   

The groundwater recharge regime of some slightly metamorphosed neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks: an application of natural environmental tracers          下载免费PDF全文

Sandow Mark Yidana  Eric Koffie 《水文研究》2014,28(7):3104-3117

Isotope data of precipitation and groundwater in parts of the Voltaian Basin in Northern Ghana were used to explain the groundwater recharge regime in the area. Groundwater recharge is an important parameter in the development of a decision support system for the management and efficient utilization of groundwater resources in the area. It is therefore important to establish the processes and sources of groundwater recharge. δ¹⁸O and δ²H data for local precipitation suggest enrichment relative to the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) and indicate that precipitation takes place at a relative humidity less than 100%. The groundwater data plot on an evaporation line with a slope of 5, suggesting a high degree of evaporative enrichment of the precipitation in the process of vertical infiltration and percolation through the unsaturated zone into the saturated zone. This finding is consistent with the observation of high evapotranspiration rates in the area and ties in with the fact that significant clay fraction in the unsaturated zone limits vertical percolation and thus exposes the percolating rainwater to the effects of high temperatures and low humidities resulting in high evapotranspiration rates. Groundwater recharge estimates from the chloride mass balance, CMB, method suggest recharge in the range of 1.8–32% of the annual average precipitation in the form of rainfall. The highest rates are associated with areas where open wells encourage significant amount of groundwater recharge from precipitation in the area. In the northern parts of the study area, groundwater recharge is lower than 12%. The recharge so computed through the application of the CMB methodology takes on a spatial distribution akin to the converse of the spatial pattern of both δ¹⁸O and δ²H in the area. As such, the locations of the highest recharge are associated with the most depleted values of the two isotopes. This observation is consistent with the assertion that low vertical hydraulic conductivities slow down vertical percolation of precipitation down to the groundwater water. The percolating precipitation water thus gets enriched in the heavier isotopes through high evapotranspiration rates. At the same time, the amount of water that finally reaches the water table is considerably reduced. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

SHI Dong  LI Li-juan  LI Jin-feng  JI Lian-min  SONG Fu-gen  PENG Xiao-wu  ZHANG Li-cheng  ZHANG Yu-ze  LI Hui-fang  SONG Xue-xue  NIE Feng  ZENG Zhong-min  LIU Zhi-qi  GUO Fan 《盐湖研究》2019,27(2):95-110

In this work,problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate( TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The behavior of N,N-bi-( 2-ethylhexyl) acetamide( N523) during lithium extraction was investigated,and its disadvantages were analyzed in the view of practical application. An N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used separately. The optimal composition of this mixture extraction system was determined to be 20% N523-30% TBP-50% kerosene.The effects of brine acidity,Fe/Li molarity ratio,phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed. The operation conditions in single-stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity = 0. 05 mol/L,Fe/Li molarity ratio = 1. 3,and phase ratio = 2. The high concentration of chloride ions in brine was beneficial for the extraction of lithium. The structure of the extracted complex was proposed as( LiFeCl_4·n N523·m TBP)·( 2-n) N523·( 2-m) TBP( m + n = 2) by chemical analysis and slope-fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily,and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic( ΔH 0) and spontaneous( ΔG 0) reaction,and the degree of disorder increased( ΔS 0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both the fundamental theory and practical application.  相似文献   

基于水化学特征的“奥灰”地热流体水文地球化学演化机制研究——以济南东部章宁1地热井为例          下载免费PDF全文

程洪柱  成世才  王振涛 《山东国土资源》2019,35(8)

以章宁1地热井的研究为例,在分析地热水水文地球化学特征基础上,对地热水的化学成分形成进行了研究,并通过与相对补给径流区的西曹范、章桃1地下水水化学特征的比较,研究其演化机理。综合分析认为地热水为沉积岩溶滤水,属于中度变质水,地下水流经火成岩侵入体时溶解了大量的Cl~-及F~-,HSiO~-_3等微量元素,次为地下水与沿文祖断裂上升的深部热液的混合,导致地热水化学类型的改变。深部热液的水化学成分与济南东地热水与深部热液的混合比例有待进一步研究。  相似文献