动态应力触发研究进展     

陈昊  冀战波  王琼  苏金波 《中国地震》2020,36(3):442-459

本文从库仑破裂应力与动态应力触发原理、观测事实与研究现状以及存在的问题与展望等3个方面介绍了动态应力触发的研究进展。其中,在主震对余震活动、强震对后续远场地震活动、不同破裂类型的地震之间及强震对火山(泥火山)的动态应力触发作用、一次大地震中子事件之间的动态应力触发关系以及动态应力触发的时间延迟等方面进行了详细讨论。分析认为,动态应力触发理论在解释震后余震分布、远程触发以及对火山触发性喷发等方面得到了较好的结果;动态应力触发可能会受断层破裂方式和方向的影响;大地震中子事件之间的动态应力触发关系对震源研究有重要意义;动态应力触发现象普遍存在时间延迟。  相似文献   

基于钻进状态监测的智能工况识别          下载免费PDF全文

范海鹏  吴敏  曹卫华  赖旭芝  陈略峰  陆承达 《探矿工程》2020,47(4):106-113

钻进过程状态监测旨在实时描述钻进工况，判断运行性能优劣程度进行非优追溯，及时指导司钻人员调整作业操作,保证钻进过程安全、高效、稳定开展。钻进工况是钻进系统运行状态的反映，因此开展面向状态监测技术的钻进工况识别研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文针对钻进工况识别问题，基于状态监测数据，建立基于支持向量机的钻进工况识别模型，对钻进工况进行识别。综合工况识别结果，对钻进效率进行评估，并对影响钻进效率的因素进行讨论，寻找提升钻进效率的手段。最后，采用钻进现场实钻数据进行仿真实验,验证所提方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

An extended finite volume method and fixed-stress approach for modeling fluid injection–induced tensile opening in fractured reservoirs     

Rajdeep Deb  Patrick Jenny 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(8):1128-1144

Fluid injection–induced tensile opening is modeled using an extended finite volume method (XFVM). An embedded fracture strategy is used for the flow problem, that is, the fractures are discretized using finite volume segments without resolving the grid around them. Further, the discontinuities across fractures are modeled using special basis functions. The fracture openings due to enhanced fluid pressure and the associated shear slip due to traction free boundary condition on the fracture segments are both modeled using these special discontinuity basis functions. Mass transfer between fractures and matrix is modeled using the pressure difference. The enhancement of fracture storativity due to tensile opening leads to stronger coupling between flow and mechanics. An iterative scheme relying on the fixed-stress approach for fractures, which conserves the stress dependent terms over each iteration of the flow problem, has been introduced. Tensile opening has been simulated for single fractures embedded in two- and three-dimensional matrices. The convergence criterion for sequentially implicit fixed-stress scheme for fractures embedded in elastic media is established and has been validated numerically. Further, for 2D simulations, the effect of the matrix permeability for fracture propagation due to tensile opening has been studied.  相似文献   

郯庐断裂带南段继承性断裂构造控矿模式研究及其应用效果——以皖东北五河金矿整装勘查为例     

汪青松  张顺林  张金会  张家嘉  尤淼 《地质学报》2020,94(10):2965-2977

郯庐断裂带南段的皖东北地区地质构造复杂，多为厚覆盖区，找矿难度大。由于控矿条件难以调查清楚，缺乏具有区域特色的勘查理论指导，区内金矿勘查长期没有取得突破成果。笔者依托五河金矿整装勘查项目，进行了区域重磁异常特征和成矿规律分析研究，发现皖东北地区北东- 北北东向重力低异常具有弧形条带特征，并以郯庐断裂带为界，大致具有旋转对称性。重磁异常保存印支期构造格架痕迹信息，反映了郯庐断裂带南段时空演化特征，显示了北东- 北北东向主要断裂构造具有继承性，形成于印支期，燕山期继续活动，控制白垩纪“红层盆地”和燕山期成岩成矿作用。中低温热液型金多金属矿床和矽卡岩型铜金矿床是皖东北地区主要矿床类型，均受继承性断裂构造控制。结合郯庐断裂的演化特征，利用物探成果引领地质理论创新，提出了郯庐断裂带南段矿床的“继承性断裂构造控矿模式”。根据继承性断裂构造形成机理分析其空间分布规律，总结了矿化蚀变构造带的物探异常标志，解决了皖东北覆盖区成矿预测与找矿靶区圈定难题，在五河金矿整装勘查区应用取得了重要找矿成果，圈定6个金矿找矿靶区，得到了钻探验证，已发现中型规模金矿床2处、小型3处，估算潜在资源量可达特大型规模，实现了安徽省境内郯庐断裂带金矿找矿的重大突破。  相似文献   

Reliability of mooring lines and piles for a permanently manned vessel in a tropical cyclone environment     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The factors of safety for stationkeeping systems in current standards (ISO, API) are not derived or validated using reliability analyses. As the oil and gas exploration and production is breaking new boundaries, deploying new floating systems and moving into regions with harsher environments, it is of paramount importance to understand what level of reliability these new marine structures are achieving. This paper presents a reliability analysis of the mooring system of a Floating LNG (FLNG) vessel permanently moored and permanently manned offshore North West Australia in a tropical cyclone environment. The reliability analysis addresses both the mooring chain and the pile foundation. The analysis accounts for the long term characteristics of the environment, including the short term variability, in response to a given sea state and the variability and uncertainty in strength of the mooring chain and the pile. The stationkeeping system was analysed using detailed time domain simulations, capturing system non-linearities and low frequency oscillations as well as wave frequency responses and, thereby, reducing modelling uncertainties to a minimum.It is found that for the conditions modelled, neither the chain nor the pile meet a target reliability of 10⁻⁴/annum using the factors of safety commonly used in design following current ISO and API standards. New factors of safety are proposed to achieve this target reliability. For the pile design, one complicating factor is that current design standards do not explicitly define the exceedance probability that should be associated with the characteristic value of the undrained shear strength to be used in the design. It is demonstrated that the required factor of safety is crucially dependent on the definition of this characteristic value and on the level and the type of uncertainty in the soil strength profile. A recommendation is made regarding the definition of this characteristic value and the associated factor of safety. Furthermore, it is found that designing the mooring system to an environmental condition with a return period of 10,000 yr (as an Abnormal Limit State event), and setting the factor of safety to unity, meets the target reliability of 10⁻⁴/annum for the pile, if the characteristic undrained shear strength is a lower bound, defined in this paper by the 10th percentile value. For the chain however, this target reliability is not achieved.  相似文献   

A finite element approach for predicting the full resistance profile of a spudcan deeply penetrating in dense sand overlying clay     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This paper presents a finite element approach to calculate the full resistance profile of a spudcan deeply penetrating in dense sand overlying clay, in which a potential for an installing spudcan to experience a sudden uncontrolled punch-through failure exists. A modified Mohr-Coulomb model characterized by incorporating a four-phase variation of the mobilized strength and dilation parameters with an equivalent accumulated plastic strain is developed and tested for the overlying dense silica sand. An extended Tresca model is used for the strain softening of the underlying clay. A series of large deformation finite-element (LDFE) analyses are carried out, varying the strength and dilation parameters as well as the spudcan geometries. A fairly good performance of the present approach is verified by validating against groups of centrifuge tests data, allowing the numerical study to be extended parametrically. The four-phase variation of the mobilized strength and dilation parameters involved in the progressive failure of the upper dense sand is parametrically studied and extended to cover the range of sand relative densities that are of practical interest. Additionally, comparisons with the typical existing LDFE analyses using both simple and sophisticated constitutive models are carried out. It shows that the present approach performs fairly well to calculate the full resistance profile of a spudcan deeply penetration in both thin and thick dense sand overlying clay, especially the peak and post-peak resistance, within around 5% of the corresponding centrifuge tests results.  相似文献   

时间尺度重构EEMD-GRNN改进模型预测PM2.5的研究     

符海月  张祎婷 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(7):1132-1142

合理构建PM_2.5浓度预测模型是科学、准确地预测PM_2.5浓度变化的关键。传统PM_2.5预测EEMD-GRNN模型具有较好的预测精度,但是存在过于关注研究数据本身而忽略其物理意义的不足。本研究基于南京市2014-2017年PM_2.5浓度时间序列数据,分析PM_2.5浓度多尺度变化特征及其对气象因子和大气污染因子的尺度响应,基于时间尺度重构进行EEMD-GRNN模型的改进与实证研究。南京市样本数据PM_2.5浓度变化表现为明显的天际尺度和月际尺度,从重构尺度（天际、月际）构建GRNN模型更具有现实意义;同时,PM_2.5对PM₁₀、NO₂、O₃、RH、MinT等因子存在多尺度响应效应,以其作为GRNN模型中的输入变量更具有时间序列上的解释意义。改进后的EEMD-GRNN模型具有更高的PM_2.5浓度预测精度,MAE、MAPE、RMSE和R²分别为6.17、18.41%、8.32和0.95,而传统EEMD-GRNN模型的模型有效性检验结果分别为8.37、27.56%、11.56、0.91。对于高浓度天（PM_2.5浓度大于100 μg/m³）的预测,改进模型更是全面优于传统EEMD-GRNN模型,MAPE为12.02%,相较于传统模型提高了9.03%。  相似文献   

《古地理学报》的立体办刊模式          下载免费PDF全文

李新坡  张西娟  郑秀娟 《古地理学报》2020,22(6):1233-1234

网络技术为科技期刊的发展提供了动力和渠道,促进了《古地理学报》办刊模式的转变。通过建立独立网站、为读者提供多样化的文章获取渠道、多样化的沟通方式、个性化的文章精准推送、加入OSID开放科学计划等,逐步形成了适应期刊发展的立体办刊模式。  相似文献   

少筋混凝土重力式桥墩抗震研究现状          下载免费PDF全文

鲁锦华  陈兴冲  丁明波  张熙胤 《世界地震工程》2020,(1):125-136

我国铁路桥梁普遍采用少筋混凝土重力式桥墩（配筋率<0.5%），现有普通钢筋混凝土结构的延性抗震理论不适用于该类型桥墩。为了促进我国铁路重力式桥墩抗震理论的发展，详细论述了我国少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的研究现状和存在问题。首先，对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的破坏特征及破坏机理进行了总结；其次，分析了各参数对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩抗震性能的影响；再次，对目前少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的抗震设计方法进行了汇总与分析；最后，对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的数值分析模型进行了归纳与分析。通过对现有研究的汇总发现:目前对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的试验研究主要以拟静力方法为主，还缺少振动台试验研究其动力状态下的破坏机理及抗震性能；少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的破坏机理及其与各影响因素之间的定量关系还不明确；已提出的少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的抗震设计方法存在塑性铰区计算不合理等问题，还需要进一步的完善。为少筋混凝土重力式桥墩抗震研究提供了方向。  相似文献   

袋装石土工袋剪切力学特性试验研究     

樊科伟  刘斯宏  廖洁  方斌昕  王建磊 《岩土力学》2020,41(2):477-484

袋装石土工袋堆叠过程中在土工袋接触面形成的咬合和嵌固作用，对土工袋剪切力学强度和破坏形式有较大的影响。通过一系列直剪试验研究了咬合和嵌固作用的影响，试验结果表明：袋装石土工袋层间咬合和嵌固作用能够增大土工袋抗剪强度；咬合作用随着土工袋上部竖向应力的增大有所减小，而嵌固作用则有所增大；袋装石土工袋在剪切过程中会产生两种破坏形式，分别为土工袋袋体自身变形和层间滑动破坏；土工袋组合体在受到水平剪切力时会发生整体变形，随后在组合体内部产生阶梯型滑动面，滑裂面的形状随着竖向荷载的增大而有所不同，相应的抗剪强度也会随着滑动面的改变而变化。  相似文献