黑河中游夏季昼夜水汽同位素特征及水汽来源分析          下载免费PDF全文

孟鸿飞  张明军  王圣杰  邱雪  杜铭霞  张亚宁  余秀秀  周苏娥 《干旱区地理》2020,43(2):360-370

基于2012年6~8月的实测水汽同位素数据及相关气象数据，对黑河中游夏季昼夜的同位素基本特征、水汽来源方向及潜在蒸发源地进行了研究。结果表明：空气水汽线斜率白天大于夜晚和水汽过量氘值白天大于夜晚，综合说明白天局地蒸发较夜晚强烈；夏季受西风水汽影响显著。其中，6月主要受西风水汽和北冰洋水汽影响，7、8月主要受西风水汽和东南方向水汽影响，且8月受东南方向水汽影响最为明显；水汽运移路径上下垫面地形和气压带移动会影响水汽后向轨迹高度，西北方向上水汽输送通道较顺畅，风速较大，有利于水汽的输送；水汽蒸发源地主要集中在研究区周围及以东、以北部，其次是西北部。绿洲是主要的水汽蒸发源地，其次是城市和河流，白天较夜晚局地蒸发强烈且面积大。  相似文献   

A critical zone observatory dedicated to suspended sediment transport: The meso-scale Galabre catchment (southern French Alps)     

Cédric Legout  Guilhem Freche  Romain Biron  Michel Esteves  Oldrich Navratil  Guillaume Nord  Magdalena Uber  Thomas Grangeon  Nico Hachgenei  Brice Boudevillain  Céline Voiron  Lorenzo Spadini 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14084

The 20 km² Galabre catchment belongs to the French network of critical zone observatories (OZCAR; Gaillardet et al., Vadose Zone Journal, 2018, 17(1), 1–24). It is representative of the sedimentary lithology and meteorological forcing found in Mediterranean and mountainous areas. Due to the presence of highly erodible and sloping badlands on various lithologies, the site was instrumented in 2007 to understand the dynamics of suspended sediments (SS) in such areas. Two meteorological stations including measurements of air temperature, wind speed and direction, air moisture, rainfall intensity, raindrop size and velocity distribution were installed both in the upper and lower part of the catchment. At the catchment outlet, a gauging station records the water level, temperature and turbidity (10 min time-step). Stream water samples are collected automatically to estimate SS concentration-turbidity relationships, allowing quantification of SS fluxes with known uncertainty. The sediment samples are further characterized by measuring their particle size distributions and by applying a low-cost sediment fingerprinting approach using spectrocolorimetric tracers. Thus, the contributions of badlands located on different lithologies to total SS flux are quantified at a high temporal resolution, providing the opportunity to better analyse the links between meteorological forcing variability and watershed hydrosedimentary response. The set of measurements was extended to the dissolved phase in 2017. Both stream water electrical conductivity and major ion concentrations are measured each week and every 3 h during storm events. This extension of measurements to the dissolved phase will allow progress in understanding both the origin of the water during the events and the partitioning between particulate and dissolved fluxes of solutes in the critical zone. All data sets are available at https://doi.osug.fr/public/DRAIXBLEONE_GAL/index.html .  相似文献   

2013年南斯科舍海岭M_W7.8地震的多点震源机制反演          下载免费PDF全文

张喆  许力生 《地球物理学报》2020,63(8):2978-2998

2013年11月17日，在南极南奥克尼群岛北、南极板块与斯科舍板块之间发生了一次M_W7.8级地震（2013年南斯科舍海岭M_W7.8地震），我们利用全球分布的长周期和宽频带地震记录反演确定了这次地震随时间和空间变化的震源机制，验证了提出的一种多点震源机制反演的新方法.首先利用长周期记录的W震相反演了这次地震的矩心矩张量解并利用体波提取了视震源时间函数，同时利用台阵反投影技术从宽频带记录中获得了这次地震的高频源的时空分布，然后基于矩心矩张量解、视震源时间函数以及高频源的时空分布，实现了采用新方法对2013年南斯科舍海岭M_W7.8地震的多点震源机制反演.矩心矩张量解表明，地震矩心在44.50°W/60.18°S，矩心深度19 km，半持续时间49 s，释放标量地震矩4.71×10²⁰ N·m，发震断层走向104°，倾角54°，滑动角8°.视震源时间函数清楚地揭示了地震矩随时间变化的方位依赖性，总体上可以将时间过程分为前60 s和后50 s两个阶段，但前60 s可细分为两次子事件.根据台阵反投影结果，这次地震为沿海沟从西到东的单侧破裂，破裂长度达311 km，可以分为5次子事件，能量释放的峰值点依次为13 s、30 s、51 s、64 s和84 s，平均破裂速度分别为0.6 km·s^-1、2.6 km·s^-1、2.3 km·s^-1、2.8 km·s^-1和3 km·s^-1.多点震源机制反演显示，5次子事件的矩震级分别为M_W7.57，M_W7.48，M_W6.80，M_W7.53和M_W7.08，半持续时间依次为21 s，17 s，6 s，16 s和8 s，走向分别为95°，105°，81°，98°和98°，倾角依次为57°，49°，86°，46°和64°，滑动角-9°，1°，-17°，13°和-4°.这些在震源机制、能量释放以及持续时间方面的变化都是当地构造和应力环境复杂性的反映.  相似文献   

滇西镇康放羊山Cu-Pb-Zn多金属矿床流体包裹体和C-O同位素研究     

陈伟  邓明国  耿齐卫  管申进  孔志岗  贾祯  张海 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(6):780-794

滇西镇康放羊山Cu-Pb-Zn多金属矿床是保山地块发现的首个富铜的铅锌多金属矿床。为探讨其成矿流体来源和矿床成因，对该矿床开展了流体包裹体和C-O同位素研究。结果表明，阶段Ⅱ主要发育富液相包裹体，均一温度和盐度（NaCl_eq，质量分数）集中在240～300℃和8.0%～18.0%；阶段Ⅲ以含CO₂和子矿物包裹体为特征，均一温度和盐度的两个峰值为360～400℃、16.0%～24.0%和240～320℃、4.0%～14.0%；阶段Ⅳ以富液相和纯液相包裹体为主，均一温度和盐度降低至220～340℃和8.0%～14.0%。C-O同位素分析结果（δ¹³C_V-PDB值为-5.88‰~-2.37‰，δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为8.18‰~12.79‰）显示成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液，在迁移过程中受到围岩溶解作用的影响。综合研究认为，放羊山矿床阶段Ⅱ和阶段Ⅲ的成矿流体主要来源于大陆碰撞形成的中高温、中高盐度、富CO₂岩浆热液，在阶段Ⅲ晚期和阶段Ⅳ受到中低温、低盐度大气降水的影响；矿床为受构造控制明显的中高温热液矿床，预测在矿区深部有望找到矽卡岩型矿体。  相似文献   

Establishment and application of an intelligent treating method for oil spill identification     

TAN Liju  ZHAO Ruxiang  YIN Xiaonan  ZHANG Haijiang  WANG Jiangtao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(11):116-122

In the identifying process of an oil spill accident, manual integral and artificial visual comparison are commonly used at present to determine the oil spill sources, these methods are time-consuming and easily affected by human factors. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of rapid identification of an oil spill accident. In this paper, an intelligent method of automatic recognition, integration and calculation of diagnostic ratio of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) spectrum are established. Firstly, four hundreds of samples collected around the world were analyzed using a standard method and Retention time locking technology (RTL) was applied to reduce the change of retention time of GC/MS spectrum. Secondly, the automatic identification, integration of n-alkanes, biomarker compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and calculation of the diagnostic ratios were realized by MATLAB software. Finally, a database of oil fingerprints were established and applied successfully in a spill oil accident. Based on the new method and database, we could acquire the diagnostic ratios of an oil sample and find out the suspected oil within a few minutes. This method and database can improve the efficiency in spilled oil identification.  相似文献   

利用盐湖常见元素的助烧结作用绿色制备氧化镁及磷酸镁水泥          下载免费PDF全文

李颖  董金美  肖学英  郑卫新  文静  常成功 《盐湖研究》2020,28(2):15-25

低活性氧化镁是制备磷酸镁水泥(MPC)的关键原材料。现行低活性氧化镁的生产方式导致了制备MPC具有能耗高和成本高的缺点,不利于其推广应用。利用盐湖中常见元素如B,Na、K和Cl的助烧结作用,在≤1 200℃煅烧盐湖提锂镁渣、外掺B的轻烧镁粉和水氯镁石的热解产物制备低活性氧化镁。介绍了低活性氧化镁的粒径、比表面积、孔隙率、化学组成、矿物组成和形貌等物理特征,以及低活性氧化镁制备MPC的凝结时间、水化产物、微观结构、抗压强度、体积稳定性等凝结硬化性能,并分析了烧结温度对低活性氧化镁的理化性能及MPC的凝结硬化性能的影响。相比现有技术,利用盐湖共存元素的助烧结作用可将氧化镁的烧结温度由1 500～1 800℃降低到1 200℃以下,有利于实现低活性氧化镁及MPC的低能耗、低成本绿色制备,促进MPC的推广应用。  相似文献   

Feasibility of signal enhancement with multiple grounded‐wire sources for a frequency‐domain electromagnetic survey          下载免费PDF全文

Haigen Zhou  Yao Yao  Changsheng Liu  Jun Lin  Lili Kang  Gang Li  Xinsen Zeng 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(4):818-832

Frequency‐domain electromagnetic methods with a grounded‐wire source are powerful tools in geophysical exploration. However, the signal may be too weak to guarantee the quality of survey data in complex electromagnetic environments, especially when the receiver is located in the air for the newly developed grounded‐source airborne frequency‐domain electromagnetic method. In this paper, a signal enhancement method with multiple sources is proposed to solve this problem. To evaluate the signal enhancement effect, we compared the signals generated by a single source and multiple sources with equal electric moment. The signal differences caused by synchronisation error and separation distance between source elements were analysed, and the methods to achieve maximum signal were introduced. Besides, we discussed the interaction between adjacent source elements to ensure the system safety, including the changes in output current and the safe distance between two sources using a dual‐source model. Lastly, a comprehensive field experiment was designed and conducted to test the multiple‐source method. The data processing results are comparable for single and dual sources, and the signal‐to‐noise ratio of dual source is higher in the field test. The subsurface resistivity structure at the test site is consistent with the previous controlled‐source audio‐frequency magnetotellurics method. These results show that signal enhancement with multiple sources is feasible. This study provides guidance to the application of multiple sources in field surveys when the survey environment is complex and rigorous.  相似文献   

复杂边界条件多洪源防洪保护区洪水风险分析          下载免费PDF全文

卢程伟  周建中  江焱生  何典灿 《水科学进展》2018,29(4):514-522

为了定量获取防洪保护区在多洪源和复杂边界条件下的溃堤洪水风险信息,以非恒定流控制方程为理论基础,建立了多洪源一维河网水动力学模型和防洪保护区二维洪水演进模型,利用溃坝模型实现河道与保护区的耦联,并采用局部网格加密和相似建筑物模拟等方法处理保护区内道路等复杂边界的导阻水作用。利用所建模型模拟了长江、汉江和东荆河3种不同洪水来源, 在4种不同位置溃堤情况下汉南至白庙长江干堤防洪保护区的洪水淹没情景,采用基于淹没水深的损失率关系法对比分析了4种计算方案的淹没面积、经济损失和受灾人口。结果表明:模型构建合理、稳定性和适应性好,复杂边界对洪水演进过程影响明显,不同洪源溃堤情形的风险信息差异较大;在计算条件下,以长江发生1954年型300年一遇洪水向新溃口情形下的淹没损失最严重,其淹没面积达3 790 km2,受灾人口为196.8万人,经济损失约802亿元。研究成果可为洪水风险管理与避洪转移决策提供有力的技术支撑。  相似文献   

Geodynamic setting,structure, and composition of continuous trachybasalt-trachyandesite-rhyolite series in the north of Altai-Sayan area: the role of crust-mantle interaction in continental magma formation     

A.A. Vorontsov  O.Yu. Perfilova  N.N. Kruk 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(12):1640-1659

The geologic positions and geochemical and isotope parameters of the Ordovician-early Silurian and Early-Middle Devonian continuous volcanic series of the Minusa basin and its mountainous framing are compared. Both series are composed mostly of moderately alkaline rocks with variations in SiO₂ contents from 45 to 77 wt.%. The Ordovician-early Silurian series differs from the Early-Middle Devonian one in lower contents of TiO₂ (< 1.7 wt.%) and Fe₂O_3tot and higher contents of Al₂O₃ in all rock varieties and in the more fractionated REE patterns of trachybasalts. The compositions of both series reflect two simultaneous mechanisms of magma evolution. The main process was fractional crystallization leading to the formation of rocks from trachybasalts to trachyrhyodacites. The accessory mechanism was the contamination of fractionated melts by crustal material, anatectic melting of crust, and mixing of deep-seated magmas with crustal melts. These processes had specifics at each stage and were controlled by the composition of the sources of parental melts. Their geochemical and isotopic parameters (high alkalinity, high contents of lithophile elements, negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and enrichment in radiogenic Sr) point to the interaction of mantle plumes with the lithospheric mantle that was metasomatically transformed during the preceding Vendian-early Cambrian subduction processes.  相似文献   

天山南坡暖季暴雨过程的水汽来源及输送特征     

庄晓翠  李博渊  赵江伟  李建刚  张林梅 《干旱气象》2022,(1)

利用1981—2020年5—9月天山南坡16个气象站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR GDAS再分析资料,分析天山南坡暖季暴雨过程的环流形势,并采用HYSPLIT模式,模拟追踪水汽源地及输送特征。结果表明:天山南坡暖季暴雨主要发生在南亚高压双体型、500 hPa以上西南急流(气流)、700 hPa切变辐合以及天山地形辐合抬升的重叠区域。水汽主要源自中亚、大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近,经TKAP(塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、阿富汗东北部、巴基斯坦北部和印度西北部)、南疆、北疆关键区,分别从偏西、偏南、偏北通道输入暴雨区,700 hPa以上偏西通道、以下偏北通道占主导地位,且贡献最大的是南疆关键区。源自中亚的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa及以下,对暴雨的贡献较大,且沿途损失较大;源自大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa以上,对暴雨的贡献较小。另外,中低层还存在源自北疆、南疆、北美洲东部、蒙古的水汽。基于上述特征,建立了天山南坡暖季暴雨过程水汽三维精细化结构模型。  相似文献